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, Available online , doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.20250098
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.The effects of different nitrogen treatments on root growth and fungal community structures in both the roots and rhizosphere of budded seedling of rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) were investigated to determine optimal nitrogen application rate for robust growth of the budded seedlings. Mini-seedling buddings of Clone Reyan 7-33-97 of rubber tree at the age of 3 months old were selected as budded seedlings for experiment and applied with nitrogen fertilizer at different rates. An outdoor pot experiment was conducted with four treatments, control (CK, no nitrogen), low nitrogen (LN, 0.32 g/kg), medium nitrogen (MN, 0.64 g/kg), and high nitrogen (HN, 1.28 g/kg), and root morphological parameters and compositional and diversity shifts in fungal communities in the roots and rhizosphere were determined and analyzed. Results revealed significant effect of different nitrogen treatments on species composition in the roots and rhyzosphere of the mini-seedling buddings. For root fungi, the LN treatment maintained dominance of Basidiomycota and Thelephorales, whereas the HN treatment substantially increased Ascomycota and Sordariales; in the rhizosphere, the LN and MN treatments elevated unclassified fungi and Hypocreales, while HN significantly suppressed Basidiomycota and Annulatascales. The LN treatment (0.32 g/kg) maximized alpha diversity, with root fungal Shannon (3.22) and Simpson (0.904) indices increasing by 15.84% and 12.26% respectively as against the CK, while rhizosphere Shannon (3.13) and Simpson (0.914) indices rose by 18.11% and 16.46%, respectively. Root Chao1 (385.97) and ACE (391.43) indices peaked in the LN treatment, 1.16-fold and 1.27-fold higher than that of CK; rhizosphere Chao1 and ACE indices in the LN treatment still elevated significantly, 72.01% and 68.61% higher than those of CK. Beta diversity exhibited highly significant differences (*p* < 0.001) in the roots and rhyzosphere among nitrogen treatments and application location, with higher difference in the rhizosphere than in the roots among the nitrogen treatments. Principal Co-ordinates Analysis demonstrated convergent clustering among nitrogen treatments (LN-HN), which was distinctly separated from CK, and higher nitrogen sensitivity in rhizosphere fungi than in the root fungi (R2 difference: 6.07%). The LN treatment (0.32 g/kg) was hence recommended as it helps enhance the diversity and richness of the fungal community in both the root system and the rhizosphere, thereby optimizing the fungal community structure in the rhizosphere of mini-seedling buddings.
.The effects of different nitrogen treatments on root growth and fungal community structures in both the roots and rhizosphere of budded seedling of rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) were investigated to determine optimal nitrogen application rate for robust growth of the budded seedlings. Mini-seedling buddings of Clone Reyan 7-33-97 of rubber tree at the age of 3 months old were selected as budded seedlings for experiment and applied with nitrogen fertilizer at different rates. An outdoor pot experiment was conducted with four treatments, control (CK, no nitrogen), low nitrogen (LN, 0.32 g/kg), medium nitrogen (MN, 0.64 g/kg), and high nitrogen (HN, 1.28 g/kg), and root morphological parameters and compositional and diversity shifts in fungal communities in the roots and rhizosphere were determined and analyzed. Results revealed significant effect of different nitrogen treatments on species composition in the roots and rhyzosphere of the mini-seedling buddings. For root fungi, the LN treatment maintained dominance of Basidiomycota and Thelephorales, whereas the HN treatment substantially increased Ascomycota and Sordariales; in the rhizosphere, the LN and MN treatments elevated unclassified fungi and Hypocreales, while HN significantly suppressed Basidiomycota and Annulatascales. The LN treatment (0.32 g/kg) maximized alpha diversity, with root fungal Shannon (3.22) and Simpson (0.904) indices increasing by 15.84% and 12.26% respectively as against the CK, while rhizosphere Shannon (3.13) and Simpson (0.914) indices rose by 18.11% and 16.46%, respectively. Root Chao1 (385.97) and ACE (391.43) indices peaked in the LN treatment, 1.16-fold and 1.27-fold higher than that of CK; rhizosphere Chao1 and ACE indices in the LN treatment still elevated significantly, 72.01% and 68.61% higher than those of CK. Beta diversity exhibited highly significant differences (*p* < 0.001) in the roots and rhyzosphere among nitrogen treatments and application location, with higher difference in the rhizosphere than in the roots among the nitrogen treatments. Principal Co-ordinates Analysis demonstrated convergent clustering among nitrogen treatments (LN-HN), which was distinctly separated from CK, and higher nitrogen sensitivity in rhizosphere fungi than in the root fungi (R2 difference: 6.07%). The LN treatment (0.32 g/kg) was hence recommended as it helps enhance the diversity and richness of the fungal community in both the root system and the rhizosphere, thereby optimizing the fungal community structure in the rhizosphere of mini-seedling buddings.
, Available online , doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.20250089
Abstract:
This study systematically investigated the effects of two distinct cultivation models, land-based industrial farming and seafloor sowing, on the growth characteristics and nutritional quality of Betaphycus gelatinus, aiming to provide a theoretical foundation for optimizing large-scale cultivation practices. Through a 60-day cultivation experiment, it was observed that seafloor-sown B. gelatinus exhibited significantly higher branch number, branch length, relative growth rate, and mass increase rate compared to land-based industrial farming (P<0.05). Specifically, the mass increase rate for land-based industrially cultivated B. gelatinus was 117.18±6.02%, with a relative growth rate of 1.29±0.06 %·d−1, whereas seafloor-sown B. gelatinus demonstrated a mass increase rate of 196.87±5.72% and a relative growth rate of 1.81±0.04 %·d−1. In terms of pigment content, land-based industrially cultivated B. gelatinus showed significantly higher levels of chlorophyll a, carotenoids, phycoerythrin, and phycocyanin compared to seafloor-sown specimens (P<0.05). No significant differences were observed in carrageenan content and gel strength between the two cultivation models (P>0.05). Industrially cultivated B. gelatinus contained higher levels of flavor-enhancing amino acids, while seafloor-sown B. gelatinus exhibited superior amino acid chemical scores. Additionally, industrially cultivated B. gelatinus had higher potassium and zinc content but lower levels of calcium, sodium, magnesium, manganese, and aluminum compared to seafloor-sown B. gelatinus. The findings indicate that seafloor sowing is more conducive to algal growth and yield formation, whereas industrial farming promotes the synthesis of photosynthetic pigments and flavor-enhancing amino acids.
This study systematically investigated the effects of two distinct cultivation models, land-based industrial farming and seafloor sowing, on the growth characteristics and nutritional quality of Betaphycus gelatinus, aiming to provide a theoretical foundation for optimizing large-scale cultivation practices. Through a 60-day cultivation experiment, it was observed that seafloor-sown B. gelatinus exhibited significantly higher branch number, branch length, relative growth rate, and mass increase rate compared to land-based industrial farming (P<0.05). Specifically, the mass increase rate for land-based industrially cultivated B. gelatinus was 117.18±6.02%, with a relative growth rate of 1.29±0.06 %·d−1, whereas seafloor-sown B. gelatinus demonstrated a mass increase rate of 196.87±5.72% and a relative growth rate of 1.81±0.04 %·d−1. In terms of pigment content, land-based industrially cultivated B. gelatinus showed significantly higher levels of chlorophyll a, carotenoids, phycoerythrin, and phycocyanin compared to seafloor-sown specimens (P<0.05). No significant differences were observed in carrageenan content and gel strength between the two cultivation models (P>0.05). Industrially cultivated B. gelatinus contained higher levels of flavor-enhancing amino acids, while seafloor-sown B. gelatinus exhibited superior amino acid chemical scores. Additionally, industrially cultivated B. gelatinus had higher potassium and zinc content but lower levels of calcium, sodium, magnesium, manganese, and aluminum compared to seafloor-sown B. gelatinus. The findings indicate that seafloor sowing is more conducive to algal growth and yield formation, whereas industrial farming promotes the synthesis of photosynthetic pigments and flavor-enhancing amino acids.
, Available online , doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.20250096
Abstract:
To investigate the potential for large-scale cultivation of Ocimum gratissimum L. in Quanzhou, O. gratissimum L. was introduced for trial planting to comprehensively evaluate its ecological adaptability. The agronomic traits, yield, and essential oil yield and composition were systematically compared. The results indicated that O. gratissimum L. at the Luojiang experiment site had the best performance in plant height, plant spread, individual plant weight, and yield, showing strong environmental adaptability and growth stability. The essential oil yield was closely related to the phenological period, with the highest yield (6.53～6.87 mL·kg−1) and eugenol content (69.49%) being observed during the harvest period (early flowering stage), meeting the standards of the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China. GC-MS analysis identified 27 compounds, with eugenol, germacrene D, and β-caryophyllene as the main components. Phenolic compounds exhibited the highest relative abundance, while terpenes and alcohols were the most diverse categories. Overall, Luojiang in Quanzhou is identified as a suitable cultivation area. This trial planting with reasonable planting density (39 000～45 000 plants per hm2) in Luojiang, Quanchou, combined with timely harvesting, provides a practical basis for achieving high yield and high-quality essential oil production.
To investigate the potential for large-scale cultivation of Ocimum gratissimum L. in Quanzhou, O. gratissimum L. was introduced for trial planting to comprehensively evaluate its ecological adaptability. The agronomic traits, yield, and essential oil yield and composition were systematically compared. The results indicated that O. gratissimum L. at the Luojiang experiment site had the best performance in plant height, plant spread, individual plant weight, and yield, showing strong environmental adaptability and growth stability. The essential oil yield was closely related to the phenological period, with the highest yield (6.53～6.87 mL·kg−1) and eugenol content (69.49%) being observed during the harvest period (early flowering stage), meeting the standards of the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China. GC-MS analysis identified 27 compounds, with eugenol, germacrene D, and β-caryophyllene as the main components. Phenolic compounds exhibited the highest relative abundance, while terpenes and alcohols were the most diverse categories. Overall, Luojiang in Quanzhou is identified as a suitable cultivation area. This trial planting with reasonable planting density (39 000～45 000 plants per hm2) in Luojiang, Quanchou, combined with timely harvesting, provides a practical basis for achieving high yield and high-quality essential oil production.
, Available online , doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.20250097
Abstract:
Hainan is an important growing area of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) in China, and its tropical climatic conditions lead to severe problems such as serious overlapping generations of pests and prominent pesticide resistance, making pest control quite challenging. Screening for insect-resistant varieties is an effective means of controlling crop pests. Given the relative scarcity of research on cowpea varieties resistant to Megalurothrips usitatus, the main pest species and their occurrence patterns on cowpea were identified through a systematic survey of pest occurrences on 57 cowpea varieties throughout the entire growth period in Danzhou City, Hainan Province. Additionally, cowpea varieties resistant to thrips were selected. The results showed that the main pests of cowpea grown in Danzhou, Hainan include Megalurothrips usitatus, Aphis craccivora, Trialeurodes vaporariorum, and Etiella zinckenella, among which M. usitatus, A. craccivora, and T. vaporariorum are the dominant pests. The peak numbers of the main pests were as follows: M. usitatus reached a peak of 154 individuals per plant on April 10th; A. craccivora and T. vaporariorum reached the peaks of 179 individuals per plant and 117 individuals per plant, respectively on April 23; E. zinckenella caused relatively slight damage, with a peak of 43 individuals per plant on April 24th. The population dynamics of the dominant pests were characterized by low density in the early growth stage of cowpea and reaching a peak in mid-April. From a spatial perspective, the concentrated damage sites were the tender parts at the top of the plants. From a time series analysis, M. usitatus was dominant at the early growth stage of cowpea; multiple pests broke out in combination at the middle growth stage; and A. craccivora and T. vaporariorum were the dominant populations at the late growth stage. The above research results suggest that in terms of timing, field control of cowpea should focus on the early stage, with an emphasis on the prevention and control of M. usitatus. Meanwhile, monitoring and management of A. craccivora and T. vaporariorum at the late stage should be strengthened. This study evaluated 7 cowpea varieties (‘Liangfei No. 8’, ‘Rejiang No. 1’, ‘Nongwang Nongbao 118’, ‘Yafeng 708’, ‘Cuilu 18’, ‘RADC755’, ‘Yibazhua No. 3’) that showed relatively high resistance to M. usitatus in the field. These varieties have the potential for popularization and planting in the field; however, further research is needed regarding their resistance mechanisms.
Hainan is an important growing area of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) in China, and its tropical climatic conditions lead to severe problems such as serious overlapping generations of pests and prominent pesticide resistance, making pest control quite challenging. Screening for insect-resistant varieties is an effective means of controlling crop pests. Given the relative scarcity of research on cowpea varieties resistant to Megalurothrips usitatus, the main pest species and their occurrence patterns on cowpea were identified through a systematic survey of pest occurrences on 57 cowpea varieties throughout the entire growth period in Danzhou City, Hainan Province. Additionally, cowpea varieties resistant to thrips were selected. The results showed that the main pests of cowpea grown in Danzhou, Hainan include Megalurothrips usitatus, Aphis craccivora, Trialeurodes vaporariorum, and Etiella zinckenella, among which M. usitatus, A. craccivora, and T. vaporariorum are the dominant pests. The peak numbers of the main pests were as follows: M. usitatus reached a peak of 154 individuals per plant on April 10th; A. craccivora and T. vaporariorum reached the peaks of 179 individuals per plant and 117 individuals per plant, respectively on April 23; E. zinckenella caused relatively slight damage, with a peak of 43 individuals per plant on April 24th. The population dynamics of the dominant pests were characterized by low density in the early growth stage of cowpea and reaching a peak in mid-April. From a spatial perspective, the concentrated damage sites were the tender parts at the top of the plants. From a time series analysis, M. usitatus was dominant at the early growth stage of cowpea; multiple pests broke out in combination at the middle growth stage; and A. craccivora and T. vaporariorum were the dominant populations at the late growth stage. The above research results suggest that in terms of timing, field control of cowpea should focus on the early stage, with an emphasis on the prevention and control of M. usitatus. Meanwhile, monitoring and management of A. craccivora and T. vaporariorum at the late stage should be strengthened. This study evaluated 7 cowpea varieties (‘Liangfei No. 8’, ‘Rejiang No. 1’, ‘Nongwang Nongbao 118’, ‘Yafeng 708’, ‘Cuilu 18’, ‘RADC755’, ‘Yibazhua No. 3’) that showed relatively high resistance to M. usitatus in the field. These varieties have the potential for popularization and planting in the field; however, further research is needed regarding their resistance mechanisms.
, Available online , doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.20250095
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In order to screen out marine actinomycetes and natural products that can effectively control Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense tropical race 4 (Foc TR4), a marine actinomycete strain HNM0301 isolated from a mangrove and exhibiting anti - Foc TR4 activity was identified taxonomically at a species level through whole - genome sequence analysis. The antiSMASH 6.0 online software was used to predict the biosynthetic gene clusters of secondary metabolites encoded by this strain. Moreover, modern separation and identification techniques for natural products were applied to isolate and elucidate the structures of the active ingredients against Foc TR4. The results demonstrated that the strain HNM0301 was identified as Streptomyces sanyensis. Its genome has a total length of 6,635,340 base pairs (bp) and contains 5,859 protein-coding genes (CDS). Among the protein-coding genes, 2,137, 1,243, and 4,297 CDS were functionally annotated in the Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and Clusters of Orthologous Groups (COG) databases, respectively. A total of 27 biosynthetic gene clusters of secondary metabolites were predicted within the genome, with Cluster 16 containing 14 genes involved in the biosynthesis of staurosporine. A staurosporine monomer compound was successfully isolated from the fermentation broth of the strain HNM0301. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of this compound against Foc TR4 was determined to be 1.56 μg/mL. This compound exhibited an 85.4% inhibition rate of Foc TR4 conidial germination and also induced swelling and malformation of Foc TR4 mycelia. Evidently, the strain HNM0301 holds certain potentials for development and application in the control of Foc TR4.
In order to screen out marine actinomycetes and natural products that can effectively control Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense tropical race 4 (Foc TR4), a marine actinomycete strain HNM0301 isolated from a mangrove and exhibiting anti - Foc TR4 activity was identified taxonomically at a species level through whole - genome sequence analysis. The antiSMASH 6.0 online software was used to predict the biosynthetic gene clusters of secondary metabolites encoded by this strain. Moreover, modern separation and identification techniques for natural products were applied to isolate and elucidate the structures of the active ingredients against Foc TR4. The results demonstrated that the strain HNM0301 was identified as Streptomyces sanyensis. Its genome has a total length of 6,635,340 base pairs (bp) and contains 5,859 protein-coding genes (CDS). Among the protein-coding genes, 2,137, 1,243, and 4,297 CDS were functionally annotated in the Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and Clusters of Orthologous Groups (COG) databases, respectively. A total of 27 biosynthetic gene clusters of secondary metabolites were predicted within the genome, with Cluster 16 containing 14 genes involved in the biosynthesis of staurosporine. A staurosporine monomer compound was successfully isolated from the fermentation broth of the strain HNM0301. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of this compound against Foc TR4 was determined to be 1.56 μg/mL. This compound exhibited an 85.4% inhibition rate of Foc TR4 conidial germination and also induced swelling and malformation of Foc TR4 mycelia. Evidently, the strain HNM0301 holds certain potentials for development and application in the control of Foc TR4.
, Available online , doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.20250071
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In order to understand the current research hotspots and trends of stem end rot disease, a bibliometric analysis was conducted using CiteSpace software on 367 stem end rot disease-related articles indexed in the Web of Science core database between 2009 and 2024. The distribution of research efforts, knowledge base, research hotspots, and frontier trends in the field of stem end rot disease were analyzed. The results indicate that the number of publications on stem end rot disease has been increasing, with China, the United States, and Brazil having the highest publication volumes. There is also significant international collaboration among countries. The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) is a leading research institution in this field, while Hainan University is the leading institution in China. Research institutions collaborate closely, although Chinese institutions still have room to improve in terms of international cooperation and academic influence. Prominent authors in the field of stem end rot disease research include Alkan Noam and Bai Jinhe. Keyword co-occurrence and burst detection analysis reveal that current research hotspots in the field include pathogen identification, resistance, and genomics. Future research should focus on strengthening interdisciplinary collaboration, further exploring the pathological mechanisms of stem end rot disease, and developing control strategies to ensure the healthy growth of crops.
In order to understand the current research hotspots and trends of stem end rot disease, a bibliometric analysis was conducted using CiteSpace software on 367 stem end rot disease-related articles indexed in the Web of Science core database between 2009 and 2024. The distribution of research efforts, knowledge base, research hotspots, and frontier trends in the field of stem end rot disease were analyzed. The results indicate that the number of publications on stem end rot disease has been increasing, with China, the United States, and Brazil having the highest publication volumes. There is also significant international collaboration among countries. The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) is a leading research institution in this field, while Hainan University is the leading institution in China. Research institutions collaborate closely, although Chinese institutions still have room to improve in terms of international cooperation and academic influence. Prominent authors in the field of stem end rot disease research include Alkan Noam and Bai Jinhe. Keyword co-occurrence and burst detection analysis reveal that current research hotspots in the field include pathogen identification, resistance, and genomics. Future research should focus on strengthening interdisciplinary collaboration, further exploring the pathological mechanisms of stem end rot disease, and developing control strategies to ensure the healthy growth of crops.
, Available online , doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.20250082
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To explore the substrate formula for cultivating S. rugosoannulata with high yield and high quality under rubber plantations, rice straw and rubber wood chips were used as raw materials to investigate the impact of their ratios on the yield and quality of S. rugosoannulata. Five treatments with rice and rubber wood chips at the dry mass ratios (1∶0, 3∶1, 1∶1, 1∶3, 0∶1) were arranged in this experiment for observation of mycelial growth and field fruiting. The results showed that the treatment with the ratio of 1∶3 had the highest comprehensive score. The mycelium of S. rugosoannulata cultivated with this substrate was robust and dense, with an average fruiting period of 52.75 days after inoculation and a harvesting period of 29 days. The yield of fruiting bodies in this treatment reached 5.22 kg·m−2, and the biological conversion rate was 26.11%.
To explore the substrate formula for cultivating S. rugosoannulata with high yield and high quality under rubber plantations, rice straw and rubber wood chips were used as raw materials to investigate the impact of their ratios on the yield and quality of S. rugosoannulata. Five treatments with rice and rubber wood chips at the dry mass ratios (1∶0, 3∶1, 1∶1, 1∶3, 0∶1) were arranged in this experiment for observation of mycelial growth and field fruiting. The results showed that the treatment with the ratio of 1∶3 had the highest comprehensive score. The mycelium of S. rugosoannulata cultivated with this substrate was robust and dense, with an average fruiting period of 52.75 days after inoculation and a harvesting period of 29 days. The yield of fruiting bodies in this treatment reached 5.22 kg·m−2, and the biological conversion rate was 26.11%.
, Available online , doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.20250005
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An attempt was made to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of layered double hydroxides (LDH) nanofusion protein vaccines in cat and dog fusion allergens-induced mouse model, which provides a potential novel vaccine strategy for the treatment of canine and feline allergic diseases. A cat and dog fusion allergen was prepared and loaded onto layered double hydroxide nanomate vials to construct a vaccine. BALB/c mice were selected and sensitized to the cat and dog fusion allergen by intraperitoneal injection and lung perfusion to establish a mouse allergy model. Subsequently, the allergy model mice were randomly divided into four groups: normal (naïve) group, allergy model group (allergic model), LDH group and vaccine group, with six mice in each group. Among them, the normal group was not treated, and the mice in the allergic model group, LDH group and vaccine group were given phosphate buffered saline (PBS), LDH nanosuspension, and LDH nanofusion protein vaccine injections, respectively, and the results of serum IgE, pulmonary respiratory resistance, temperature change, ear prick, and pathological section were detected to comprehensively evaluate the vaccine treatment effect. The results showed that compared with the Allergic model group, the vaccine group treated with LDH nanofusion protein vaccine significantly decreased the serum-specific IgE levels of mice, alleviated lung respiratory resistance, highly significantly reduced allergen-induced body temperature and the area of ear dye leakage, significantly reduced inflammatory infiltration in the lungs, reduced the number of cuprocytes although not significantly, and reduced the degree of collagen deposition and fibrosis. Taken together, these results indicate that the laminar double hydroxide nanocat-dog fusion protein vaccine has a good therapeutic effect on the cat-dog fusion allergen-induced mouse allergy model, and is able to effectively improve the allergy symptoms and reduce the inflammatory reaction of allergy-associated tissues in mice.
An attempt was made to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of layered double hydroxides (LDH) nanofusion protein vaccines in cat and dog fusion allergens-induced mouse model, which provides a potential novel vaccine strategy for the treatment of canine and feline allergic diseases. A cat and dog fusion allergen was prepared and loaded onto layered double hydroxide nanomate vials to construct a vaccine. BALB/c mice were selected and sensitized to the cat and dog fusion allergen by intraperitoneal injection and lung perfusion to establish a mouse allergy model. Subsequently, the allergy model mice were randomly divided into four groups: normal (naïve) group, allergy model group (allergic model), LDH group and vaccine group, with six mice in each group. Among them, the normal group was not treated, and the mice in the allergic model group, LDH group and vaccine group were given phosphate buffered saline (PBS), LDH nanosuspension, and LDH nanofusion protein vaccine injections, respectively, and the results of serum IgE, pulmonary respiratory resistance, temperature change, ear prick, and pathological section were detected to comprehensively evaluate the vaccine treatment effect. The results showed that compared with the Allergic model group, the vaccine group treated with LDH nanofusion protein vaccine significantly decreased the serum-specific IgE levels of mice, alleviated lung respiratory resistance, highly significantly reduced allergen-induced body temperature and the area of ear dye leakage, significantly reduced inflammatory infiltration in the lungs, reduced the number of cuprocytes although not significantly, and reduced the degree of collagen deposition and fibrosis. Taken together, these results indicate that the laminar double hydroxide nanocat-dog fusion protein vaccine has a good therapeutic effect on the cat-dog fusion allergen-induced mouse allergy model, and is able to effectively improve the allergy symptoms and reduce the inflammatory reaction of allergy-associated tissues in mice.
, Available online , doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.20250027
Abstract:
Stem rot causes extensive rotting at the base of the stems of bloodleaf orchid plants, affecting nutrient uptake. Studies have shown that Trichoderma can effectively inhibit a wide range of pathogenic bacteria and is an important biocontrol fungus. A strain of pathogen X.9 with the strongest pathogenic effect was isolated from the diseased tissues at the stem base of Ludisia discolor(Ker-Gawl.)A.Rich, which was identified as Fusarium oxysporum by morphology and molecular biology. The plate confrontation assay between Trichoderma strains and the F. oxysporum X.9 showed that 17 Trichoderma strains could completely cover F. oxysporum X.9 an inhibition rate of more than 75%. Further observation of the inhibition effect of 17 strains of Trichoderma non-volatile metabolites on X.9 showed that JX013 and SC009 had better inhibition effect, with their inhibition rates being 41.27% and 41.26%, respectively. Through morphological and molecular biological identification, both JX013 and SC009 were confirmed to be Trichoderma asperellum. Both JX013 and SC009 showed a significant increase in chitinase and glucanase after interacted with X.9, indicating that Trichoderma secretes more cell wall degrading enzymes to degrade the pathogenic mycelium when interacted with pathogenic bacteria, thus inhibiting the growth of pathogenic bacteria.
Stem rot causes extensive rotting at the base of the stems of bloodleaf orchid plants, affecting nutrient uptake. Studies have shown that Trichoderma can effectively inhibit a wide range of pathogenic bacteria and is an important biocontrol fungus. A strain of pathogen X.9 with the strongest pathogenic effect was isolated from the diseased tissues at the stem base of Ludisia discolor(Ker-Gawl.)A.Rich, which was identified as Fusarium oxysporum by morphology and molecular biology. The plate confrontation assay between Trichoderma strains and the F. oxysporum X.9 showed that 17 Trichoderma strains could completely cover F. oxysporum X.9 an inhibition rate of more than 75%. Further observation of the inhibition effect of 17 strains of Trichoderma non-volatile metabolites on X.9 showed that JX013 and SC009 had better inhibition effect, with their inhibition rates being 41.27% and 41.26%, respectively. Through morphological and molecular biological identification, both JX013 and SC009 were confirmed to be Trichoderma asperellum. Both JX013 and SC009 showed a significant increase in chitinase and glucanase after interacted with X.9, indicating that Trichoderma secretes more cell wall degrading enzymes to degrade the pathogenic mycelium when interacted with pathogenic bacteria, thus inhibiting the growth of pathogenic bacteria.
, Available online , doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.20250001
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Clerodendranthus spicatus (Kidney tea, KT), a traditional Chinese medicine, has a variety of biological activities. In recent years there are many studies on the antioxidant activity of kidney tea in vitro, but the research on the antioxidant activity and health effects of its ethanol extract in vivo is not sufficiently documented. In this case, the antioxidant activity of KTe (kidney tea ethanol extract) in vitro was evaluated by measuring the DPPH and ABTS free radical scavenging ability. Caenorhabditis elegans was used to evaluate the antioxidant activity of KTe in vivo. The physiological indexes, such as lifespan, oviposition and hatching, lipofuscin content and movement ability of C.elegans, were determined to evaluate the antioxidant tivity of KTe in vivo. The results showed that KTe had good antioxidant activity in vitro, which could promote the physiological indexes of young nematodes and inhibit the physiological indexes of old nematodes. At the same time, it can significantly increase the number of eggs laid by C.elegans, and has no significant effect on the hatching rate. All these results can provide reference for the subsequent development and utilization of KT.
Clerodendranthus spicatus (Kidney tea, KT), a traditional Chinese medicine, has a variety of biological activities. In recent years there are many studies on the antioxidant activity of kidney tea in vitro, but the research on the antioxidant activity and health effects of its ethanol extract in vivo is not sufficiently documented. In this case, the antioxidant activity of KTe (kidney tea ethanol extract) in vitro was evaluated by measuring the DPPH and ABTS free radical scavenging ability. Caenorhabditis elegans was used to evaluate the antioxidant activity of KTe in vivo. The physiological indexes, such as lifespan, oviposition and hatching, lipofuscin content and movement ability of C.elegans, were determined to evaluate the antioxidant tivity of KTe in vivo. The results showed that KTe had good antioxidant activity in vitro, which could promote the physiological indexes of young nematodes and inhibit the physiological indexes of old nematodes. At the same time, it can significantly increase the number of eggs laid by C.elegans, and has no significant effect on the hatching rate. All these results can provide reference for the subsequent development and utilization of KT.
, Available online , doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.20250025
Abstract:
The sugar transporter SWEET (Sugars Will Eventually be Exported Transporter) plays a crucial role in plant responses to both biotic and abiotic stresses. To elucidate the function of the SWEET gene family in Dendrobium catenatum, 27 DcSWEET genes were identified and characterized from D. catenatum by using whole-genome data, and their expression patterns under drought stress were analyzed. The molecular weight of the DcSWEET proteins were found to range from 22.44 to 39.10 kDa, with heir isoelectric points being between 8.47 and 9.63. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the DcSWEET proteins could be classified into four subgroups, each characterized by conserved motif compositions and gene structures. Cis-acting element analysis indicated that the promoters of DcSWEET genes contain various elements associated with hormone signaling, plant growth and development, light responsiveness, and stress response. RNA-seq analysis demonstrated that 17 DcSWEET genes were up-regulated under drought stress. Coexpression network analysis suggested that DcSWEET4, DcSWEET11, DcSWEET13, DcSWEET18, and DcSWEET27 may play pivotal roles in response to drought stress in D. catenatum. RT-qPCR confirmed that DcSWEET11, DcSWEET13, and DcSWEET18 were significantly up-regulated in stems and leaves under drought conditions, making them potential candidate genes for enhancing drought tolerance in D. catenatum. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of key SWEET genes involved in drought stress responses in D. catenatum, offering a molecular foundation for future efforts to improve its drought resistance.
The sugar transporter SWEET (Sugars Will Eventually be Exported Transporter) plays a crucial role in plant responses to both biotic and abiotic stresses. To elucidate the function of the SWEET gene family in Dendrobium catenatum, 27 DcSWEET genes were identified and characterized from D. catenatum by using whole-genome data, and their expression patterns under drought stress were analyzed. The molecular weight of the DcSWEET proteins were found to range from 22.44 to 39.10 kDa, with heir isoelectric points being between 8.47 and 9.63. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the DcSWEET proteins could be classified into four subgroups, each characterized by conserved motif compositions and gene structures. Cis-acting element analysis indicated that the promoters of DcSWEET genes contain various elements associated with hormone signaling, plant growth and development, light responsiveness, and stress response. RNA-seq analysis demonstrated that 17 DcSWEET genes were up-regulated under drought stress. Coexpression network analysis suggested that DcSWEET4, DcSWEET11, DcSWEET13, DcSWEET18, and DcSWEET27 may play pivotal roles in response to drought stress in D. catenatum. RT-qPCR confirmed that DcSWEET11, DcSWEET13, and DcSWEET18 were significantly up-regulated in stems and leaves under drought conditions, making them potential candidate genes for enhancing drought tolerance in D. catenatum. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of key SWEET genes involved in drought stress responses in D. catenatum, offering a molecular foundation for future efforts to improve its drought resistance.
, Available online , doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.20250036
Abstract:
With the intensification of aquaculture and the over-exploitation of offshore fishery resources, the fishery economy in coastal areas has shown a rapid growth trend. This development has directly led to the demand for large-scale construction of water intake and drainage pipeline systems. As the core carrier of material cycling in coastal wetlands, the speciation and ecological stoichiometric characteristics of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) in sediments are key indicators for assessing the sources and degradation status of organic matters. The construction of pipelines may further alter the C, N and P speciation and ecological stoichiometric characteristics of sediments by changing hydrodynamic conditions, sedimentation processes, and microbial organic matter degradation processes. The pipeline-laid area (Area A) and the natural tidal flat area (Area B) in Wenchang City, Hainan Province were selected to analyze the impact of pipeline laying on the C, N and P contents and ecological stoichiometric characteristics of sediments. The results showed that the total nitrogen (TN) and total organic carbon (TOC) contents, carbon-to-phosphorus ratio (C∶P), and nitrogen-to-phosphorus ratio (N∶P) were significantly higher in Area A than in Area B (+53.3%, +38.0%, +52.4%, +50.0%), while the total carbon (TC) content and carbon-to-nitrogen ratio (C∶N) were lower (−8.7%, −21.8%). In addition, the contents of C, N, and P in sediments and their ecological stoichiometric characteristics also changed the horizontal distribution pattern with increasing distance from the shore. Specifically, TC and TOC contents, C∶N, and C∶P in sediments decreased with increasing distance from the shore, while TN and TP contents showed the opposite trend. Under the interaction of pipeline laying and distance from the shore, the changes in TC and TOC contents, C∶N, and C∶P were greater in Area A than in Area B, and the differences were more significant near the shore than far from the shore. All these results indicate that pipeline laying and distance from the shore are important factors affecting the C, N and P contents and ecological stoichiometric characteristics of sediments, and the interaction between distance from the shore and pipeline laying weakens the impact on the C, N and P contents and ecological stoichiometric characteristics of sediments.
With the intensification of aquaculture and the over-exploitation of offshore fishery resources, the fishery economy in coastal areas has shown a rapid growth trend. This development has directly led to the demand for large-scale construction of water intake and drainage pipeline systems. As the core carrier of material cycling in coastal wetlands, the speciation and ecological stoichiometric characteristics of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) in sediments are key indicators for assessing the sources and degradation status of organic matters. The construction of pipelines may further alter the C, N and P speciation and ecological stoichiometric characteristics of sediments by changing hydrodynamic conditions, sedimentation processes, and microbial organic matter degradation processes. The pipeline-laid area (Area A) and the natural tidal flat area (Area B) in Wenchang City, Hainan Province were selected to analyze the impact of pipeline laying on the C, N and P contents and ecological stoichiometric characteristics of sediments. The results showed that the total nitrogen (TN) and total organic carbon (TOC) contents, carbon-to-phosphorus ratio (C∶P), and nitrogen-to-phosphorus ratio (N∶P) were significantly higher in Area A than in Area B (+53.3%, +38.0%, +52.4%, +50.0%), while the total carbon (TC) content and carbon-to-nitrogen ratio (C∶N) were lower (−8.7%, −21.8%). In addition, the contents of C, N, and P in sediments and their ecological stoichiometric characteristics also changed the horizontal distribution pattern with increasing distance from the shore. Specifically, TC and TOC contents, C∶N, and C∶P in sediments decreased with increasing distance from the shore, while TN and TP contents showed the opposite trend. Under the interaction of pipeline laying and distance from the shore, the changes in TC and TOC contents, C∶N, and C∶P were greater in Area A than in Area B, and the differences were more significant near the shore than far from the shore. All these results indicate that pipeline laying and distance from the shore are important factors affecting the C, N and P contents and ecological stoichiometric characteristics of sediments, and the interaction between distance from the shore and pipeline laying weakens the impact on the C, N and P contents and ecological stoichiometric characteristics of sediments.
, Available online , doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.20250016
Abstract:
Natural rubber is an important strategic resource in China. The infection of Colletotrichum gloeosporides in rubber tree would greatly affect the development of rubber industry. The functional study of the pathogenicity-related genes of C. gloeosporioides can provide a theoretical basis for disease prevention and control. A gene CgPEB encoding carboxypeptidase Y inhibitor protein was identified in C. gloeosporioides. The gene knockout mutant strain was constructed according to the principle of homologous recombination, and the phenotype and pathogenicity analysis were performed. The results showed that the growth rate and conidial production of ΔCgpeb, Cgpeb gene knockout mutant were reduced. Besides, both the appressorium and invasive hyphae formation rate of ΔCgpeb were significantly reduced. These findings suggested that CgPEB plays an important role in regulating the colony growth, conidial production and pathogenicity of C. gloeosporioides.
Natural rubber is an important strategic resource in China. The infection of Colletotrichum gloeosporides in rubber tree would greatly affect the development of rubber industry. The functional study of the pathogenicity-related genes of C. gloeosporioides can provide a theoretical basis for disease prevention and control. A gene CgPEB encoding carboxypeptidase Y inhibitor protein was identified in C. gloeosporioides. The gene knockout mutant strain was constructed according to the principle of homologous recombination, and the phenotype and pathogenicity analysis were performed. The results showed that the growth rate and conidial production of ΔCgpeb, Cgpeb gene knockout mutant were reduced. Besides, both the appressorium and invasive hyphae formation rate of ΔCgpeb were significantly reduced. These findings suggested that CgPEB plays an important role in regulating the colony growth, conidial production and pathogenicity of C. gloeosporioides.
Identification and expression analysis of the acetyl-CoA carboxylase gene family in Persea americana
, Available online , doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.20250037
Abstract:
Avocado (Persea americana) is a fruit with high nutritional value, and fatty acids are among its key intrinsic nutrients. Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) is a crucial enzyme in fatty acid synthesis, essential for oil accumulation and storage. The protein structure, evolutionary relationships, and cis-acting elements of the PaACC gene promoter in avocado were analyzed by employing bioinformatics tools, and the expression levels of the PaACC genes across different avocado organs and developmental stages of the fruit were analyzed by using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). A total of seven PaACC genes were identified in avocado, encoding three BC subunits, three BCCP subunits, and one α-CT subunit of ACC. The amino acid lengths of these genes range from 251 to 776, with an average molecular weight of 49.95 kDa. All the encoded proteins are hydrophilic and lack of transmembrane domains. Phylogenetic analysis of ACC proteins from various plant species reveals that ACC proteins are categorized into four subfamilies based on subunit composition. The gene structure shows that all the PaACC genes contain at least 5 exons, each member of which contains a certain number of introns. There are 25 different conserved motifs in the PaACC gene family. Specifically, PaACC1, PaACC2, and PaACC3 all have motif 14, while PaACC4, PaACC5, and PaACC6 all have motifs 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. In the promoter region of the PaACC genes, several cis-acting elements associated with light response, hormone response, drought stress, and low-temperature stress were identified. These findings suggest that the PaACC genes play a significant role in regulating plant growth and development and may enhance the plant’s tolerance to abiotic stresses. Expression pattern analysis reveals that PaACC4, PaACC5, and PaACC7 exhibit significantly higher expression levels during the S5 stage of fruit development compared to other organs and stages. This study provides a theoretical foundation for further research on the role of the PaACC genes in avocado fatty acid biosynthesis.
Avocado (Persea americana) is a fruit with high nutritional value, and fatty acids are among its key intrinsic nutrients. Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) is a crucial enzyme in fatty acid synthesis, essential for oil accumulation and storage. The protein structure, evolutionary relationships, and cis-acting elements of the PaACC gene promoter in avocado were analyzed by employing bioinformatics tools, and the expression levels of the PaACC genes across different avocado organs and developmental stages of the fruit were analyzed by using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). A total of seven PaACC genes were identified in avocado, encoding three BC subunits, three BCCP subunits, and one α-CT subunit of ACC. The amino acid lengths of these genes range from 251 to 776, with an average molecular weight of 49.95 kDa. All the encoded proteins are hydrophilic and lack of transmembrane domains. Phylogenetic analysis of ACC proteins from various plant species reveals that ACC proteins are categorized into four subfamilies based on subunit composition. The gene structure shows that all the PaACC genes contain at least 5 exons, each member of which contains a certain number of introns. There are 25 different conserved motifs in the PaACC gene family. Specifically, PaACC1, PaACC2, and PaACC3 all have motif 14, while PaACC4, PaACC5, and PaACC6 all have motifs 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. In the promoter region of the PaACC genes, several cis-acting elements associated with light response, hormone response, drought stress, and low-temperature stress were identified. These findings suggest that the PaACC genes play a significant role in regulating plant growth and development and may enhance the plant’s tolerance to abiotic stresses. Expression pattern analysis reveals that PaACC4, PaACC5, and PaACC7 exhibit significantly higher expression levels during the S5 stage of fruit development compared to other organs and stages. This study provides a theoretical foundation for further research on the role of the PaACC genes in avocado fatty acid biosynthesis.
, Available online , doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.20250032
Abstract:
Ascorbate peroxidases (APXs) play a significant role in plant resistance to abiotic stress. An attempt was made to investigate the role of APXs in cassava resistance to cassava common mosaic virus (CsCMV). APX activity and the expression level of MeAPXs during infection of cassava with CsCMV were analyzed. The results showed that APX activity and MeAPX2 transcript level were reduced. Therefore, MeAPX2 was identified as a candidate gene for further analysis. MeAPX2 positively regulated cassava resistance to CsCMV, as determined by the disease index in MeAPX2-silenced plants. Further analysis revealed that MeAPX2 directly interacts with the coat protein (CP) of CsCMV. Moreover, CP was found to inhibit the activity of MeAPX2 both in vivo and in vitro. The results demonstrated that CsCMV suppresses APX activity during infection in cassava. Furthermore, MeAPX2 positively regulates cassava resistance to CsCMV by targeting CP.
Ascorbate peroxidases (APXs) play a significant role in plant resistance to abiotic stress. An attempt was made to investigate the role of APXs in cassava resistance to cassava common mosaic virus (CsCMV). APX activity and the expression level of MeAPXs during infection of cassava with CsCMV were analyzed. The results showed that APX activity and MeAPX2 transcript level were reduced. Therefore, MeAPX2 was identified as a candidate gene for further analysis. MeAPX2 positively regulated cassava resistance to CsCMV, as determined by the disease index in MeAPX2-silenced plants. Further analysis revealed that MeAPX2 directly interacts with the coat protein (CP) of CsCMV. Moreover, CP was found to inhibit the activity of MeAPX2 both in vivo and in vitro. The results demonstrated that CsCMV suppresses APX activity during infection in cassava. Furthermore, MeAPX2 positively regulates cassava resistance to CsCMV by targeting CP.
, Available online , doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.20250031
Abstract:
MYC2 is an important transcription factor that regulates the synthesis of terpenoid secondary metabolites in plants. However, little is known about the CdMYC2 transcription factor in C. drupifera. In this study, the related sequence information of CdMYC2 gene was obtained based on the transcriptome annotation data of C. drupifera. A CdMYC2 gene was successfully isolated and cloned from the leaves of C. drupifera for the first time. Its CDS sequence length was1515 bp, encoding 504 amino acids, with typical bHLH-MYC _ N super family and bHLH _ SF super family conserved domains. This gene was predicted to be located in the nucleus. Multiple sequence alignment further confirmed that the amplified CdMYC2 belongs to the MYC2 family transcription factor. The phylogenetic tree analysis showed that CdMYC2 was clustered into a clade with Camellia sinensis, a plant belonging to the same family and genus, while it was far away from the clades of Quercus lobata and Quercus robur. RT-qPCR results showed that the expression level of CdMYC2 gene was higher in the leaves than in other tissues. Among the different developmental stages of the fruit, the expression of CdMYC2 in the fruit reached the highest in September. This study provides an important reference for the subsequent exploration of the function of MYC2 transcription factor in the regulation of triterpenoid saponin biosynthesis pathway in C. drupifera.
MYC2 is an important transcription factor that regulates the synthesis of terpenoid secondary metabolites in plants. However, little is known about the CdMYC2 transcription factor in C. drupifera. In this study, the related sequence information of CdMYC2 gene was obtained based on the transcriptome annotation data of C. drupifera. A CdMYC2 gene was successfully isolated and cloned from the leaves of C. drupifera for the first time. Its CDS sequence length was
, Available online , doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.20250030
Abstract:
Myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs) are critical regulators of skeletal muscle growth and development in animals. The full-length cDNA sequences of five MRFs from the giant grouper (Epinephelus lanceolatus) were cloned using RT-PCR and RAC, including MyoD1 (1,962 bp), MyoD2 (1,466 bp), MyoG (926 bp), MRF4 (1,052 bp), and Myf5 (1,133 bp), encoding 297, 270, 251, 238, and 242 amino acids, respectively. Amino acid sequence alignment revealed that all five MRFs contain a conserved basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain consisting of 60 amino acids. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the MRF genes are clustered into two distinct branches: MyoD (MyoD1 and MyoD2) groups with Myf5 in one clade, while MRF4 and MyoG form the other. All genes showed closest evolutionary relationships with Perciformes homologs. Real-time quantitative PCR analysis revealed predominant expression of these MRFs in skeletal muscle, with significantly lower expression levels in the liver, heart, and intestine. These findings provide foundation for elucidating the regulatory mechanisms of MRFs in skeletal muscle development of the giant grouper.
Myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs) are critical regulators of skeletal muscle growth and development in animals. The full-length cDNA sequences of five MRFs from the giant grouper (Epinephelus lanceolatus) were cloned using RT-PCR and RAC, including MyoD1 (1,962 bp), MyoD2 (1,466 bp), MyoG (926 bp), MRF4 (1,052 bp), and Myf5 (1,133 bp), encoding 297, 270, 251, 238, and 242 amino acids, respectively. Amino acid sequence alignment revealed that all five MRFs contain a conserved basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain consisting of 60 amino acids. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the MRF genes are clustered into two distinct branches: MyoD (MyoD1 and MyoD2) groups with Myf5 in one clade, while MRF4 and MyoG form the other. All genes showed closest evolutionary relationships with Perciformes homologs. Real-time quantitative PCR analysis revealed predominant expression of these MRFs in skeletal muscle, with significantly lower expression levels in the liver, heart, and intestine. These findings provide foundation for elucidating the regulatory mechanisms of MRFs in skeletal muscle development of the giant grouper.
, Available online , doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.20240197
Abstract:
To address the decreased cut flower yield caused by the bud jumping development phenomenon, where adventitious buds interrupt the normal growth cycle of flower bud differentiation in Oncidium cut flower production, flower buds and vegetative buds of Oncidium hybridum 'Boda NO1' were selected for high-throughput transcriptome sequencing. A total of 127,452,717 high-quality sequences (37.36 Gb) were obtained, and 7,671 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. COG functional classification revealed primary enrichment in signal transduction pathways and carbohydrate transport/metabolism pathways. KEGG analysis showed that DEGs were significantly enriched in starch and sucrose metabolism, phytohormone signaling, and other pathways. Among these, 78 DEGs were identified in the phytohormone signaling pathway, with the most pronounced differences involving auxin, cytokinins, salicylic acid, and gibberellins. Thirteen transcription factors and flowering-related genes, including MADS1, AP2, and FLK, were also screened. These results partially elucidate the effects of auxin, cytokinins, and flowering-related genes on the differentiation of flower buds and vegetative buds in Oncidium. This study provides a theoretical foundation for further research on the mechanism underlying the bud jumping development phenomenon during Oncidium production. Additionally, it supports subsequent improvement in production efficiency, quality enhancement, and optimization of cultivation and management. These findings hold significant practical value for advancing orchid breeding, seedling production, and industry development in China.
To address the decreased cut flower yield caused by the bud jumping development phenomenon, where adventitious buds interrupt the normal growth cycle of flower bud differentiation in Oncidium cut flower production, flower buds and vegetative buds of Oncidium hybridum 'Boda NO1' were selected for high-throughput transcriptome sequencing. A total of 127,452,717 high-quality sequences (37.36 Gb) were obtained, and 7,671 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. COG functional classification revealed primary enrichment in signal transduction pathways and carbohydrate transport/metabolism pathways. KEGG analysis showed that DEGs were significantly enriched in starch and sucrose metabolism, phytohormone signaling, and other pathways. Among these, 78 DEGs were identified in the phytohormone signaling pathway, with the most pronounced differences involving auxin, cytokinins, salicylic acid, and gibberellins. Thirteen transcription factors and flowering-related genes, including MADS1, AP2, and FLK, were also screened. These results partially elucidate the effects of auxin, cytokinins, and flowering-related genes on the differentiation of flower buds and vegetative buds in Oncidium. This study provides a theoretical foundation for further research on the mechanism underlying the bud jumping development phenomenon during Oncidium production. Additionally, it supports subsequent improvement in production efficiency, quality enhancement, and optimization of cultivation and management. These findings hold significant practical value for advancing orchid breeding, seedling production, and industry development in China.
, Available online , doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.20240203
Abstract:
In order to understand the distribution of moss resources and species diversity in Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park, moss plant specimen collections were conducted several times on the main peak of Limu Mountain from 2022 to 2023, and the specimens collected were identified morphologically in combination of literature review. A new record genus of Pilotrichaceae plants for Hainan was confirmed: Actinodontium, along with the species Actinodontium rhaphidostegum (Müll. Hal.) Bosch & Sande Lac. The morphological characteristics of the newly recorded genus and species were described, and illustrated with characteristic plates. The habitat and geographical distribution of the genus and species was also introduced. This new record enriches the diversity of bryophytes in Hainan Island.
In order to understand the distribution of moss resources and species diversity in Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park, moss plant specimen collections were conducted several times on the main peak of Limu Mountain from 2022 to 2023, and the specimens collected were identified morphologically in combination of literature review. A new record genus of Pilotrichaceae plants for Hainan was confirmed: Actinodontium, along with the species Actinodontium rhaphidostegum (Müll. Hal.) Bosch & Sande Lac. The morphological characteristics of the newly recorded genus and species were described, and illustrated with characteristic plates. The habitat and geographical distribution of the genus and species was also introduced. This new record enriches the diversity of bryophytes in Hainan Island.
, Available online , doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.20250035
Abstract:
In order to investigate the potential functions of the cassava (Manihot esculenta) Ⅶ subfamily of ERF gene family in response to biotic stress, we identified 161 ERF genes in the cassava genome, which were divided into 13 subfamilies. Analyses were performed on the conserved domains, cis-acting elements in promoter regions, interacting proteins, target genes, and expression patterns of the Ⅶ subfamily members. The results showed that all members of this subfamily contained a conserved AP2 domain, and their promoter regions included 13 types of cis-acting elements related to plant growth and development, and environmental stress responses. Expression pattern analysis revealed that the MeERF46, MeERF133, and MeERF92 genes responded actively to Xpm infection among them, the change of MeERF92 expression was the most significant. WGCNA and protein-protein interaction network analysis indicated that MeERF92 might be involved in the process of oxidative stress, while MeERF133 was widely involved in glycometabolism. These findings provide candidate genes for further research into the functions and mechanisms of ERFs in cassava's response to biotic stress.
In order to investigate the potential functions of the cassava (Manihot esculenta) Ⅶ subfamily of ERF gene family in response to biotic stress, we identified 161 ERF genes in the cassava genome, which were divided into 13 subfamilies. Analyses were performed on the conserved domains, cis-acting elements in promoter regions, interacting proteins, target genes, and expression patterns of the Ⅶ subfamily members. The results showed that all members of this subfamily contained a conserved AP2 domain, and their promoter regions included 13 types of cis-acting elements related to plant growth and development, and environmental stress responses. Expression pattern analysis revealed that the MeERF46, MeERF133, and MeERF92 genes responded actively to Xpm infection among them, the change of MeERF92 expression was the most significant. WGCNA and protein-protein interaction network analysis indicated that MeERF92 might be involved in the process of oxidative stress, while MeERF133 was widely involved in glycometabolism. These findings provide candidate genes for further research into the functions and mechanisms of ERFs in cassava's response to biotic stress.
, Available online , doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.20240088
Abstract:
An attempt was made to determine the content of total saponins and antioxidant activity in the roots of Callerya speciosa (Champion ex Bentham) Schot at different ages, and provide reference for their rational development and utilization. The roots of C. speciosa were collected and extracted by using an ultrasonic-assisted extraction method, and the extraction process of total saponins from C. speciosa roots were optimized. Furthermore, the content of total saponins from the extracts of the C. speciosa roots at different ages (3-year-old, 6-year-old, 10-year-old and 15-year-old) was determined by using UV photometer.. The antioxidant activity of total saponins from the C. speciosa roots was determined by using the DPPH free radical method and hydroxyl free radical method. The results showed that the best extraction conditions for total saponins of the C. speciosa roots are 80% ethanol, 1∶ 40 solid-liquid ratio, 40 min ultrasound time, and 3 extraction times. Among the four materials, the 6-year-old C. speciosa roots had the highest total saponin content, while the 15-year-old C. speciosa had the lowest. The total saponin content of the C. speciosa roots tended to increase and then decrease with the ages of C. speciosa. The antioxidant activity test found that total saponins of the C. speciosa roots at different ages all possessed a certain level of antioxidant capacity in vitro, which can be developed and utilized as a potential natural antioxidant.
An attempt was made to determine the content of total saponins and antioxidant activity in the roots of Callerya speciosa (Champion ex Bentham) Schot at different ages, and provide reference for their rational development and utilization. The roots of C. speciosa were collected and extracted by using an ultrasonic-assisted extraction method, and the extraction process of total saponins from C. speciosa roots were optimized. Furthermore, the content of total saponins from the extracts of the C. speciosa roots at different ages (3-year-old, 6-year-old, 10-year-old and 15-year-old) was determined by using UV photometer.. The antioxidant activity of total saponins from the C. speciosa roots was determined by using the DPPH free radical method and hydroxyl free radical method. The results showed that the best extraction conditions for total saponins of the C. speciosa roots are 80% ethanol, 1∶ 40 solid-liquid ratio, 40 min ultrasound time, and 3 extraction times. Among the four materials, the 6-year-old C. speciosa roots had the highest total saponin content, while the 15-year-old C. speciosa had the lowest. The total saponin content of the C. speciosa roots tended to increase and then decrease with the ages of C. speciosa. The antioxidant activity test found that total saponins of the C. speciosa roots at different ages all possessed a certain level of antioxidant capacity in vitro, which can be developed and utilized as a potential natural antioxidant.
, Available online , doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.20250026
Abstract:
In order to understand the regulatory role of the BBR-BPC gene family in the growth and development of Dioscorea alata (greater yam), we analyzed the gene structure, phylogenetic evolution, conserved motifs, and physicochemical properties of the BBR-BPC gene family in greater yam. We also predicted the secondary and tertiary structures of BBR-BPC proteins and verified the interaction between the BBR-BPC gene and the DELLA gene. Through HMMsearch and BLAST analyses, we identified six members of the BBR-BPC family in the greater yam genome. These gene proteins exhibited significant differences and alternative splicing events, with a total of 10 splice variants detected. Subcellular localization analysis revealed that all members of the BBR-BPC family in greater yam are located in the nucleus.The yeast two-hybrid interaction results between Da4BBR-BPC2 and DaDELLA2 indicate that there is an interaction between Da4BBR-BPC2 and DaDELLA2, occurring at the N-terminus of the DaDELLA2 gene.
In order to understand the regulatory role of the BBR-BPC gene family in the growth and development of Dioscorea alata (greater yam), we analyzed the gene structure, phylogenetic evolution, conserved motifs, and physicochemical properties of the BBR-BPC gene family in greater yam. We also predicted the secondary and tertiary structures of BBR-BPC proteins and verified the interaction between the BBR-BPC gene and the DELLA gene. Through HMMsearch and BLAST analyses, we identified six members of the BBR-BPC family in the greater yam genome. These gene proteins exhibited significant differences and alternative splicing events, with a total of 10 splice variants detected. Subcellular localization analysis revealed that all members of the BBR-BPC family in greater yam are located in the nucleus.The yeast two-hybrid interaction results between Da4BBR-BPC2 and DaDELLA2 indicate that there is an interaction between Da4BBR-BPC2 and DaDELLA2, occurring at the N-terminus of the DaDELLA2 gene.
, Available online , doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.20250015
Abstract:
In order to assess the role of the bZIP transcription factor in the biosynthesis of natural rubber in Hevea brasiliensis, HbbZIP74 gene was successfully cloned based on previous work in our laboratory. Bioinformatics analysis and expression pattern analysis were performed. The pET28-HbbZIP74 expression vector was constructed, and the recombinant protein was expressed in the strain E. coli BL21 (DE3) and then purified. The results showed that the open reading frame (ORF) of the gene HbbZIP74 is 486 bp, encoding 161 amino acids, with a bZIP domain, classifying it as a bZIP transcription factor S subgroup. The expression level of HbbZIP74 is higher in latex and leaves, and its expression can be induced by jasmonic acid, abscisic acid, ethylene, and salicylic acid in latex. The optimal condition for the heterologous expression of the HbbZIP74-His recombinant protein was induced at 1 mmol·L−1 IPTG and 37 ℃ for 3 h. The recombinant protein was mainly accumulated in inclusion bodies. The recombinant protein, approximately 22 kDa in size, was purified using Ni-NTA affinity chromatography, which was consistent with expectations. This study lays the foundation for further exploration of the role of HbbZIP74 in the biosynthesis of natural rubber.
In order to assess the role of the bZIP transcription factor in the biosynthesis of natural rubber in Hevea brasiliensis, HbbZIP74 gene was successfully cloned based on previous work in our laboratory. Bioinformatics analysis and expression pattern analysis were performed. The pET28-HbbZIP74 expression vector was constructed, and the recombinant protein was expressed in the strain E. coli BL21 (DE3) and then purified. The results showed that the open reading frame (ORF) of the gene HbbZIP74 is 486 bp, encoding 161 amino acids, with a bZIP domain, classifying it as a bZIP transcription factor S subgroup. The expression level of HbbZIP74 is higher in latex and leaves, and its expression can be induced by jasmonic acid, abscisic acid, ethylene, and salicylic acid in latex. The optimal condition for the heterologous expression of the HbbZIP74-His recombinant protein was induced at 1 mmol·L−1 IPTG and 37 ℃ for 3 h. The recombinant protein was mainly accumulated in inclusion bodies. The recombinant protein, approximately 22 kDa in size, was purified using Ni-NTA affinity chromatography, which was consistent with expectations. This study lays the foundation for further exploration of the role of HbbZIP74 in the biosynthesis of natural rubber.
, Available online , doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.20240161
Abstract:
Torulaspora delbrueckii is one of non-Saccharomyces yeasts mostly used for research, and is widely used for brewing of various fruit wines. It is co-fermented with Saccharomyces cerevisiae for improving fruit wine flavors. In this experiment, a wild-type yeast strain was selected from the peel of cantaloupe in Fulo Town, Ledong County, Hainan Province. Through phenotypic observation of the strain and constructing a phylogenetic tree based on 18S rDNA sequencing, the strain was identified as T. delbrueckii. Under the fermentation condition of fruit wine, T. delbrueckii grew normally in the range of alcohol content 4−20%, pH value 2.8−3.6 and sulfur dioxide concentration 100−500 mg·L−1, and the growth rate was the highest under the condition of alcohol content 4%, pH value 3.6 and sulfur dioxide concentration 300 mg·L−1. The results show that T. delbrueckii did not produce hydrogen sulfide, had no killing effect on S. cerevisiae, and improved the flavor of cantaloupe fruit wine, which can be used in the production of cantaloupe fruit wine.
Torulaspora delbrueckii is one of non-Saccharomyces yeasts mostly used for research, and is widely used for brewing of various fruit wines. It is co-fermented with Saccharomyces cerevisiae for improving fruit wine flavors. In this experiment, a wild-type yeast strain was selected from the peel of cantaloupe in Fulo Town, Ledong County, Hainan Province. Through phenotypic observation of the strain and constructing a phylogenetic tree based on 18S rDNA sequencing, the strain was identified as T. delbrueckii. Under the fermentation condition of fruit wine, T. delbrueckii grew normally in the range of alcohol content 4−20%, pH value 2.8−3.6 and sulfur dioxide concentration 100−500 mg·L−1, and the growth rate was the highest under the condition of alcohol content 4%, pH value 3.6 and sulfur dioxide concentration 300 mg·L−1. The results show that T. delbrueckii did not produce hydrogen sulfide, had no killing effect on S. cerevisiae, and improved the flavor of cantaloupe fruit wine, which can be used in the production of cantaloupe fruit wine.
, Available online , doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.20250013
Abstract:
An attempt was made to understand the mosquito species and their carrying pathogenic microorganisms in pig farms from different regions of Hainan Province, and to provide reliable data support for the scientific prevention and control of mosquito-borne diseases in pig farms. Light catalyst mosquito traps were used to collect mosquitoes from four different pig farms in Baisha Li Autonomous County (BS), Ding 'an County (DA), Ledong Li Autonomous County (LD) and Wenchang City (WC) in Hainan Province. The mosquito species collected were identified by using morphological characteristics and the PCR method, and the composition of mosquito-borne microbial community and gene function were analyzed by using metagenomic sequencing. The results showed that the dominant mosquito species in the pig farms of different regions of Hainan were different. The dominant mosquito species in BS, DA, LD and WC were Anopheles dabryanus, Anopheles sinensis, Culex pipiens pallens and Culex tritaeniorhynchus, accounting for 58.43 %, 55.46 %, 88.65 % and 57.84 %, respectively. The analysis of metagenomic microbial sequencing showed the mosquito-borne microorganisms in BS, LD, WC and other regions were at the phylum level. Euryarchaeota was the dominant archaea, while the dominant archaea in DA pig farm was Thermoarchaeota. Proteobacteria was the dominant phylum of mosquito vectors in the pig farms from the four regions. Ascomycota was the dominant phylum of mosquitoes in the 4 regions; negarnaviricota was the dominant virus phylum in BS, DA and LD, while Cossaviricota was the dominant virus phylum in WC. At the species level bacteria such as Brachyspira pilosicoli, Brucella melitensis, Chlamydia abortus, Leptospira interrogans and Waddlia chondrophila, fungi such as Acremonium asperulatum, Aspergillus terreus and Microsporum canis, and viruses such as Aedes aegypti anphevirus and Anopheles annulipes orbivirus pose a pathogenic threat to humans and pigs. Moreover, the mosquito-borne microorganisms from the pig farms in different regions of Hainan maintain high stability at the phylum level and diversity at the species level, and there is a high risk of pathogenicity. This study provides a scientific basis for the prevention and control of mosquitoes and mosquito-borne diseases in Hainan pig farms, and provides basic data for assessing the threat of mosquito-borne diseases in public health in this area.
An attempt was made to understand the mosquito species and their carrying pathogenic microorganisms in pig farms from different regions of Hainan Province, and to provide reliable data support for the scientific prevention and control of mosquito-borne diseases in pig farms. Light catalyst mosquito traps were used to collect mosquitoes from four different pig farms in Baisha Li Autonomous County (BS), Ding 'an County (DA), Ledong Li Autonomous County (LD) and Wenchang City (WC) in Hainan Province. The mosquito species collected were identified by using morphological characteristics and the PCR method, and the composition of mosquito-borne microbial community and gene function were analyzed by using metagenomic sequencing. The results showed that the dominant mosquito species in the pig farms of different regions of Hainan were different. The dominant mosquito species in BS, DA, LD and WC were Anopheles dabryanus, Anopheles sinensis, Culex pipiens pallens and Culex tritaeniorhynchus, accounting for 58.43 %, 55.46 %, 88.65 % and 57.84 %, respectively. The analysis of metagenomic microbial sequencing showed the mosquito-borne microorganisms in BS, LD, WC and other regions were at the phylum level. Euryarchaeota was the dominant archaea, while the dominant archaea in DA pig farm was Thermoarchaeota. Proteobacteria was the dominant phylum of mosquito vectors in the pig farms from the four regions. Ascomycota was the dominant phylum of mosquitoes in the 4 regions; negarnaviricota was the dominant virus phylum in BS, DA and LD, while Cossaviricota was the dominant virus phylum in WC. At the species level bacteria such as Brachyspira pilosicoli, Brucella melitensis, Chlamydia abortus, Leptospira interrogans and Waddlia chondrophila, fungi such as Acremonium asperulatum, Aspergillus terreus and Microsporum canis, and viruses such as Aedes aegypti anphevirus and Anopheles annulipes orbivirus pose a pathogenic threat to humans and pigs. Moreover, the mosquito-borne microorganisms from the pig farms in different regions of Hainan maintain high stability at the phylum level and diversity at the species level, and there is a high risk of pathogenicity. This study provides a scientific basis for the prevention and control of mosquitoes and mosquito-borne diseases in Hainan pig farms, and provides basic data for assessing the threat of mosquito-borne diseases in public health in this area.
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