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, Available online , doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.20250013
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An attempt was made to understand the mosquito species and their carrying pathogenic microorganisms in pig farms from different regions of Hainan Province, and to provide reliable data support for the scientific prevention and control of mosquito-borne diseases in pig farms. Light catalyst mosquito traps were used to collect mosquitoes from four different pig farms in Baisha Li Autonomous County (BS), Ding 'an County (DA), Ledong Li Autonomous County (LD) and Wenchang City (WC) in Hainan Province. The mosquito species collected were identified by using morphological characteristics and the PCR method, and the composition of mosquito-borne microbial community and gene function were analyzed by using metagenomic sequencing. The results showed that the dominant mosquito species in the pig farms of different regions of Hainan were different. The dominant mosquito species in BS, DA, LD and WC were Anopheles dabryanus, Anopheles sinensis, Culex pipiens pallens and Culex tritaeniorhynchus, accounting for 58.43 %, 55.46 %, 88.65 % and 57.84 %, respectively. The analysis of metagenomic microbial sequencing showed the mosquito-borne microorganisms in BS, LD, WC and other regions were at the phylum level. Euryarchaeota was the dominant archaea, while the dominant archaea in DA pig farm was Thermoarchaeota. Proteobacteria was the dominant phylum of mosquito vectors in the pig farms from the four regions. Ascomycota was the dominant phylum of mosquitoes in the 4 regions; negarnaviricota was the dominant virus phylum in BS, DA and LD, while Cossaviricota was the dominant virus phylum in WC. At the species level bacteria such as Brachyspira pilosicoli, Brucella melitensis, Chlamydia abortus, Leptospira interrogans and Waddlia chondrophila, fungi such as Acremonium asperulatum, Aspergillus terreus and Microsporum canis, and viruses such as Aedes aegypti anphevirus and Anopheles annulipes orbivirus pose a pathogenic threat to humans and pigs. Moreover, the mosquito-borne microorganisms from the pig farms in different regions of Hainan maintain high stability at the phylum level and diversity at the species level, and there is a high risk of pathogenicity. This study provides a scientific basis for the prevention and control of mosquitoes and mosquito-borne diseases in Hainan pig farms, and provides basic data for assessing the threat of mosquito-borne diseases in public health in this area.
An attempt was made to understand the mosquito species and their carrying pathogenic microorganisms in pig farms from different regions of Hainan Province, and to provide reliable data support for the scientific prevention and control of mosquito-borne diseases in pig farms. Light catalyst mosquito traps were used to collect mosquitoes from four different pig farms in Baisha Li Autonomous County (BS), Ding 'an County (DA), Ledong Li Autonomous County (LD) and Wenchang City (WC) in Hainan Province. The mosquito species collected were identified by using morphological characteristics and the PCR method, and the composition of mosquito-borne microbial community and gene function were analyzed by using metagenomic sequencing. The results showed that the dominant mosquito species in the pig farms of different regions of Hainan were different. The dominant mosquito species in BS, DA, LD and WC were Anopheles dabryanus, Anopheles sinensis, Culex pipiens pallens and Culex tritaeniorhynchus, accounting for 58.43 %, 55.46 %, 88.65 % and 57.84 %, respectively. The analysis of metagenomic microbial sequencing showed the mosquito-borne microorganisms in BS, LD, WC and other regions were at the phylum level. Euryarchaeota was the dominant archaea, while the dominant archaea in DA pig farm was Thermoarchaeota. Proteobacteria was the dominant phylum of mosquito vectors in the pig farms from the four regions. Ascomycota was the dominant phylum of mosquitoes in the 4 regions; negarnaviricota was the dominant virus phylum in BS, DA and LD, while Cossaviricota was the dominant virus phylum in WC. At the species level bacteria such as Brachyspira pilosicoli, Brucella melitensis, Chlamydia abortus, Leptospira interrogans and Waddlia chondrophila, fungi such as Acremonium asperulatum, Aspergillus terreus and Microsporum canis, and viruses such as Aedes aegypti anphevirus and Anopheles annulipes orbivirus pose a pathogenic threat to humans and pigs. Moreover, the mosquito-borne microorganisms from the pig farms in different regions of Hainan maintain high stability at the phylum level and diversity at the species level, and there is a high risk of pathogenicity. This study provides a scientific basis for the prevention and control of mosquitoes and mosquito-borne diseases in Hainan pig farms, and provides basic data for assessing the threat of mosquito-borne diseases in public health in this area.
, Available online , doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.20250001
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Clerodendranthus spicatus (Kidney tea, KT), a traditional Chinese medicine, has a variety of biological activities. In recent years there are many studies on the antioxidant activity of kidney tea in vitro, but the research on the antioxidant activity and health effects of its ethanol extract in vivo is not sufficiently documented. In this case, the antioxidant activity of KTe (kidney tea ethanol extract) in vitro was evaluated by measuring the DPPH and ABTS free radical scavenging ability. Caenorhabditis elegans was used to evaluate the antioxidant activity of KTe in vivo. The physiological indexes, such as lifespan, oviposition and hatching, lipofuscin content and movement ability of C.elegans, were determined to evaluate the antioxidant tivity of KTe in vivo. The results showed that KTe had good antioxidant activity in vitro, which could promote the physiological indexes of young nematodes and inhibit the physiological indexes of old nematodes. At the same time, it can significantly increase the number of eggs laid by C.elegans, and has no significant effect on the hatching rate. All these results can provide reference for the subsequent development and utilization of KT.
Clerodendranthus spicatus (Kidney tea, KT), a traditional Chinese medicine, has a variety of biological activities. In recent years there are many studies on the antioxidant activity of kidney tea in vitro, but the research on the antioxidant activity and health effects of its ethanol extract in vivo is not sufficiently documented. In this case, the antioxidant activity of KTe (kidney tea ethanol extract) in vitro was evaluated by measuring the DPPH and ABTS free radical scavenging ability. Caenorhabditis elegans was used to evaluate the antioxidant activity of KTe in vivo. The physiological indexes, such as lifespan, oviposition and hatching, lipofuscin content and movement ability of C.elegans, were determined to evaluate the antioxidant tivity of KTe in vivo. The results showed that KTe had good antioxidant activity in vitro, which could promote the physiological indexes of young nematodes and inhibit the physiological indexes of old nematodes. At the same time, it can significantly increase the number of eggs laid by C.elegans, and has no significant effect on the hatching rate. All these results can provide reference for the subsequent development and utilization of KT.
, Available online , doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.20240202
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To investigate the physiological responses of Symbiodiniaceae under low-salinity stress, high-throughput sequencing was conducted on isolated culture of Effrenium voratum to obtain its relative abundance, and low-salinity stress experiments were performed on E. voratum for systematical analysis of the effects of low-salinity environments on the growth status, chlorophyll a (Chl a) concentration per symbiodiniaceae, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities of E. voratum. The results demonstrated that the cell density of E. voratum cultured under 35 salinity showed stable growth, indicating favorable growth at this level of salinity. At 25 salinity, E. voratum was inhibited in growth but could maintain survival. Severe growth inhibition occurred at 15 salinity, with cell density significantly declining after 48 hours, exhibiting a negative growth trend. Under 15 salinity stress, the Chl a concentration per symbiodiniaceae progressively decreased after 4 hours, suggesting significant suppression of photosynthetic capacity. Both SOD and CAT activities of E. voratum initially increased within 4 hours under 25 and 15 salinity stresses, but showed a continuous decline after 24 hours, revealing transient enhancement of antioxidant capacity at the early stages followed by progressive weakening with prolonged stress exposure.
To investigate the physiological responses of Symbiodiniaceae under low-salinity stress, high-throughput sequencing was conducted on isolated culture of Effrenium voratum to obtain its relative abundance, and low-salinity stress experiments were performed on E. voratum for systematical analysis of the effects of low-salinity environments on the growth status, chlorophyll a (Chl a) concentration per symbiodiniaceae, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities of E. voratum. The results demonstrated that the cell density of E. voratum cultured under 35 salinity showed stable growth, indicating favorable growth at this level of salinity. At 25 salinity, E. voratum was inhibited in growth but could maintain survival. Severe growth inhibition occurred at 15 salinity, with cell density significantly declining after 48 hours, exhibiting a negative growth trend. Under 15 salinity stress, the Chl a concentration per symbiodiniaceae progressively decreased after 4 hours, suggesting significant suppression of photosynthetic capacity. Both SOD and CAT activities of E. voratum initially increased within 4 hours under 25 and 15 salinity stresses, but showed a continuous decline after 24 hours, revealing transient enhancement of antioxidant capacity at the early stages followed by progressive weakening with prolonged stress exposure.
, Available online , doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.20240186
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The characteristics of the changes in phosphorus flow from 1990 to 2020 were quantified in the food chain system of Hainan Island based on the NUFER model to explore the sustainable use of phosphorus. The results demonstrated that over the 30-year period, the phosphorus input to the crop production subsystem of the Hainan Island food chain system increased from 135.92 kt to 390.63 kt, with fertilizer input representing the primary source of phosphorus in this subsystem. The phosphorus input to the livestock and poultry subsystem exhibited an increase from 13.70 kt to 19.23 kt, while the phosphorus input to the aquaculture subsystem demonstrated an increase from 6.32 kt to 49.75 kt. All these findings demonstrate that the inputs and losses of phosphorus in the food chain system of Hainan Island in 2050 can be reduced through the implementation of comprehensive and optimal management measures. In order to ensure the long-term sustainability of the food chain system on Hainan Island, it is essential to implement measures that will control the excessive inputs of phosphorus nutrients, optimize farming methods and technologies, and strengthen management measures to improve the efficiency of phosphorus utilization. This will help to reduce the loss of phosphorus in the various subsystems. Concurrently, it is imperative to foster a harmonious interdependence between the disparate subsystems that comprise Hainan Island's food chain system. This will ensure the sustainable phosphorus utilization.
The characteristics of the changes in phosphorus flow from 1990 to 2020 were quantified in the food chain system of Hainan Island based on the NUFER model to explore the sustainable use of phosphorus. The results demonstrated that over the 30-year period, the phosphorus input to the crop production subsystem of the Hainan Island food chain system increased from 135.92 kt to 390.63 kt, with fertilizer input representing the primary source of phosphorus in this subsystem. The phosphorus input to the livestock and poultry subsystem exhibited an increase from 13.70 kt to 19.23 kt, while the phosphorus input to the aquaculture subsystem demonstrated an increase from 6.32 kt to 49.75 kt. All these findings demonstrate that the inputs and losses of phosphorus in the food chain system of Hainan Island in 2050 can be reduced through the implementation of comprehensive and optimal management measures. In order to ensure the long-term sustainability of the food chain system on Hainan Island, it is essential to implement measures that will control the excessive inputs of phosphorus nutrients, optimize farming methods and technologies, and strengthen management measures to improve the efficiency of phosphorus utilization. This will help to reduce the loss of phosphorus in the various subsystems. Concurrently, it is imperative to foster a harmonious interdependence between the disparate subsystems that comprise Hainan Island's food chain system. This will ensure the sustainable phosphorus utilization.
, Available online , doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.20250009
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The wheat wireworm is an important underground pest in the dry farming area of northern China. In recent years, large-scale implementation of conservation tillage measures and crop straw crushing in North China, the winter wheat and summer corn are planted in two crops per year, creating a favorable environment for feeding and habituating for the golden worm. The temperature in autumn, winter and spring of Gucheng Station in Hebei Province from 2018 to 2019 showed a phenomenon of low temperature and high temperature alternating between cold and warm, especially the minimum temperature is significantly higher, inducing the explosive occurrence of the golden worm in the wheat field. According to the investigation of spring wheat field excavation, the maximum density of insect population is 144 heads/m2, the maximum weight of insect population is 18.764 g/m2. In 58 investigation points, the control index was 5 heads/m2, accounting for 98.27%. The density of insects in the jointing-harvest period was the highest during the booting period, followed by the jointing period, and the lowest in the harvest period. The oldest larvae have a maximum length of 34.68 mm, and a maximum width of 4.9 mm, the longest growth is 4.68 mm and the widest is 0.90 mm. The density of insect populations in the continuous cropping winter wheat + summer maize gramineous crops was 35.3 to 40.4 heads/m2, which was significantly higher than that of soybean, corn, and winter wheat recreation grounds, and the peanut and spring corn lands were more than 5 times higher than the soybean insect population density, the weight of insect population was more than 10 times higher. Yield measurement in mature wheat fields: grain yield reduced by 36.8%, insect population density increased by 10 heads/m2, grain yield decreased by 4.824%, insect population weight increased by 1 g/m2, grain decreased yield increased by 3.871%, plant pest increased by 10% and grain yield decreased by 11.587%.
The wheat wireworm is an important underground pest in the dry farming area of northern China. In recent years, large-scale implementation of conservation tillage measures and crop straw crushing in North China, the winter wheat and summer corn are planted in two crops per year, creating a favorable environment for feeding and habituating for the golden worm. The temperature in autumn, winter and spring of Gucheng Station in Hebei Province from 2018 to 2019 showed a phenomenon of low temperature and high temperature alternating between cold and warm, especially the minimum temperature is significantly higher, inducing the explosive occurrence of the golden worm in the wheat field. According to the investigation of spring wheat field excavation, the maximum density of insect population is 144 heads/m2, the maximum weight of insect population is 18.764 g/m2. In 58 investigation points, the control index was 5 heads/m2, accounting for 98.27%. The density of insects in the jointing-harvest period was the highest during the booting period, followed by the jointing period, and the lowest in the harvest period. The oldest larvae have a maximum length of 34.68 mm, and a maximum width of 4.9 mm, the longest growth is 4.68 mm and the widest is 0.90 mm. The density of insect populations in the continuous cropping winter wheat + summer maize gramineous crops was 35.3 to 40.4 heads/m2, which was significantly higher than that of soybean, corn, and winter wheat recreation grounds, and the peanut and spring corn lands were more than 5 times higher than the soybean insect population density, the weight of insect population was more than 10 times higher. Yield measurement in mature wheat fields: grain yield reduced by 36.8%, insect population density increased by 10 heads/m2, grain yield decreased by 4.824%, insect population weight increased by 1 g/m2, grain decreased yield increased by 3.871%, plant pest increased by 10% and grain yield decreased by 11.587%.
, Available online , doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.20250050
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An attempt was made to further optimize the indoor artificial propagation technology of Kappaphycus alvarezii. The effects of temperature and light on the growth, pigment and phycobiliprotein content of K. alvarezii were determined by conducting control experiments. The results showed that when the temperature was 27 ℃, the relative growth rate was significantly higher than that of other temperature test groups (P < 0.05), and that the contents of chlorophyll a and carotenoids in the algae were also higher, indicating that an appropriate increase of temperature would increase the accumulation level of pigment content in the algae, but the difference in culture temperature had little effect on the content of phycobiliprotein, and there was no significant difference in the content of phycobiliprotein in each group. At the same temperature, the relative growth rate of K. alvarezii increased first and then decreased with the change of light intensity. When the light intensity was4000 lx to 7000 lx, the algae grew faster, and the content of chlorophyll a in the algae was significantly higher than that in the other light groups when the light was 1000 lx, indicating that the appropriate low light intensity would promote the synthesis of more chlorophyll a in K. alvarezii. When the light intensity was 4000 lx, the phycobiliprotein content of the algae was significantly higher than that of the other light groups, and the change of light intensity could cause the fluctuation of the phycobiliprotein content of K. alvarezii.
An attempt was made to further optimize the indoor artificial propagation technology of Kappaphycus alvarezii. The effects of temperature and light on the growth, pigment and phycobiliprotein content of K. alvarezii were determined by conducting control experiments. The results showed that when the temperature was 27 ℃, the relative growth rate was significantly higher than that of other temperature test groups (P < 0.05), and that the contents of chlorophyll a and carotenoids in the algae were also higher, indicating that an appropriate increase of temperature would increase the accumulation level of pigment content in the algae, but the difference in culture temperature had little effect on the content of phycobiliprotein, and there was no significant difference in the content of phycobiliprotein in each group. At the same temperature, the relative growth rate of K. alvarezii increased first and then decreased with the change of light intensity. When the light intensity was
, Available online , doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.20250045
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Previous studies have shown that Penicillium griseofulvum CF3 can promote the growth of cassava. In order to further explore the mechanism of the growth-promoting effect of P. griseofulvum CF3, cassava leaves were inoculated with CF3 in a pot experiment. The results showed that the cassava leaves inoculated with CF3 increased the concentrations of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoids, and total chlorophyll by 44%, 47%, 38%, and 46%, respectively, compared to the control group. At the same time, their net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, water use efficiency, and transpiration rate were increased by 55%, 35%, 43%, and 23%, respectively. The total nitrogen content in the leaves was increased by 56% while the total nitrogen in the roots increased by 4.5%, respectively. However, no significant alteration was observed in the total soil nitrogen content. The transcriptomic analysis showed that the expression of ammonium nitrogen transporter genes, nitrate nitrogen transporter genes, nitrate reduction genes and ammonium assimilation genes were significantly increased in the roots after inoculation with CF3. All these results indicated that inoculation with P. griseofulvum CF3 activated the expression of nitrogen transporter genes, nitrate reductase genes, ammonium assimilation gene in the cassava roots, thereby, increasing the nitrogen content in the cassava roots and leaves, which in turn increased the content of chlorophyll and enhanced photosynthesis, thus promoting the growth of cassava. This study lays a theoretical foundation for further elucidation of the growth-promoting mechanism of P. griseofulvum CF3 on cassava and for its field application.
Previous studies have shown that Penicillium griseofulvum CF3 can promote the growth of cassava. In order to further explore the mechanism of the growth-promoting effect of P. griseofulvum CF3, cassava leaves were inoculated with CF3 in a pot experiment. The results showed that the cassava leaves inoculated with CF3 increased the concentrations of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoids, and total chlorophyll by 44%, 47%, 38%, and 46%, respectively, compared to the control group. At the same time, their net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, water use efficiency, and transpiration rate were increased by 55%, 35%, 43%, and 23%, respectively. The total nitrogen content in the leaves was increased by 56% while the total nitrogen in the roots increased by 4.5%, respectively. However, no significant alteration was observed in the total soil nitrogen content. The transcriptomic analysis showed that the expression of ammonium nitrogen transporter genes, nitrate nitrogen transporter genes, nitrate reduction genes and ammonium assimilation genes were significantly increased in the roots after inoculation with CF3. All these results indicated that inoculation with P. griseofulvum CF3 activated the expression of nitrogen transporter genes, nitrate reductase genes, ammonium assimilation gene in the cassava roots, thereby, increasing the nitrogen content in the cassava roots and leaves, which in turn increased the content of chlorophyll and enhanced photosynthesis, thus promoting the growth of cassava. This study lays a theoretical foundation for further elucidation of the growth-promoting mechanism of P. griseofulvum CF3 on cassava and for its field application.
, Available online , doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.20250025
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The sugar transporter SWEET (Sugars Will Eventually be Exported Transporter) plays a crucial role in plant responses to both biotic and abiotic stresses. To elucidate the function of the SWEET gene family in Dendrobium catenatum, 27 DcSWEET genes were identified and characterized from D. catenatum by using whole-genome data, and their expression patterns under drought stress were analyzed. The molecular weight of the DcSWEET proteins were found to range from 22.44 to 39.10 kDa, with heir isoelectric points being between 8.47 and 9.63. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the DcSWEET proteins could be classified into four subgroups, each characterized by conserved motif compositions and gene structures. Cis-acting element analysis indicated that the promoters of DcSWEET genes contain various elements associated with hormone signaling, plant growth and development, light responsiveness, and stress response. RNA-seq analysis demonstrated that 17 DcSWEET genes were up-regulated under drought stress. Coexpression network analysis suggested that DcSWEET4, DcSWEET11, DcSWEET13, DcSWEET18, and DcSWEET27 may play pivotal roles in response to drought stress in D. catenatum. RT-qPCR confirmed that DcSWEET11, DcSWEET13, and DcSWEET18 were significantly up-regulated in stems and leaves under drought conditions, making them potential candidate genes for enhancing drought tolerance in D. catenatum. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of key SWEET genes involved in drought stress responses in D. catenatum, offering a molecular foundation for future efforts to improve its drought resistance.
The sugar transporter SWEET (Sugars Will Eventually be Exported Transporter) plays a crucial role in plant responses to both biotic and abiotic stresses. To elucidate the function of the SWEET gene family in Dendrobium catenatum, 27 DcSWEET genes were identified and characterized from D. catenatum by using whole-genome data, and their expression patterns under drought stress were analyzed. The molecular weight of the DcSWEET proteins were found to range from 22.44 to 39.10 kDa, with heir isoelectric points being between 8.47 and 9.63. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the DcSWEET proteins could be classified into four subgroups, each characterized by conserved motif compositions and gene structures. Cis-acting element analysis indicated that the promoters of DcSWEET genes contain various elements associated with hormone signaling, plant growth and development, light responsiveness, and stress response. RNA-seq analysis demonstrated that 17 DcSWEET genes were up-regulated under drought stress. Coexpression network analysis suggested that DcSWEET4, DcSWEET11, DcSWEET13, DcSWEET18, and DcSWEET27 may play pivotal roles in response to drought stress in D. catenatum. RT-qPCR confirmed that DcSWEET11, DcSWEET13, and DcSWEET18 were significantly up-regulated in stems and leaves under drought conditions, making them potential candidate genes for enhancing drought tolerance in D. catenatum. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of key SWEET genes involved in drought stress responses in D. catenatum, offering a molecular foundation for future efforts to improve its drought resistance.
, Available online , doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.20250036
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With the intensification of aquaculture and the over-exploitation of offshore fishery resources, the fishery economy in coastal areas has shown a rapid growth trend. This development has directly led to the demand for large-scale construction of water intake and drainage pipeline systems. As the core carrier of material cycling in coastal wetlands, the speciation and ecological stoichiometric characteristics of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) in sediments are key indicators for assessing the sources and degradation status of organic matters. The construction of pipelines may further alter the C, N and P speciation and ecological stoichiometric characteristics of sediments by changing hydrodynamic conditions, sedimentation processes, and microbial organic matter degradation processes. The pipeline-laid area (Area A) and the natural tidal flat area (Area B) in Wenchang City, Hainan Province were selected to analyze the impact of pipeline laying on the C, N and P contents and ecological stoichiometric characteristics of sediments. The results showed that the total nitrogen (TN) and total organic carbon (TOC) contents, carbon-to-phosphorus ratio (C∶P), and nitrogen-to-phosphorus ratio (N∶P) were significantly higher in Area A than in Area B (+53.3%, +38.0%, +52.4%, +50.0%), while the total carbon (TC) content and carbon-to-nitrogen ratio (C∶N) were lower (−8.7%, −21.8%). In addition, the contents of C, N, and P in sediments and their ecological stoichiometric characteristics also changed the horizontal distribution pattern with increasing distance from the shore. Specifically, TC and TOC contents, C∶N, and C∶P in sediments decreased with increasing distance from the shore, while TN and TP contents showed the opposite trend. Under the interaction of pipeline laying and distance from the shore, the changes in TC and TOC contents, C∶N, and C∶P were greater in Area A than in Area B, and the differences were more significant near the shore than far from the shore. All these results indicate that pipeline laying and distance from the shore are important factors affecting the C, N and P contents and ecological stoichiometric characteristics of sediments, and the interaction between distance from the shore and pipeline laying weakens the impact on the C, N and P contents and ecological stoichiometric characteristics of sediments.
With the intensification of aquaculture and the over-exploitation of offshore fishery resources, the fishery economy in coastal areas has shown a rapid growth trend. This development has directly led to the demand for large-scale construction of water intake and drainage pipeline systems. As the core carrier of material cycling in coastal wetlands, the speciation and ecological stoichiometric characteristics of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) in sediments are key indicators for assessing the sources and degradation status of organic matters. The construction of pipelines may further alter the C, N and P speciation and ecological stoichiometric characteristics of sediments by changing hydrodynamic conditions, sedimentation processes, and microbial organic matter degradation processes. The pipeline-laid area (Area A) and the natural tidal flat area (Area B) in Wenchang City, Hainan Province were selected to analyze the impact of pipeline laying on the C, N and P contents and ecological stoichiometric characteristics of sediments. The results showed that the total nitrogen (TN) and total organic carbon (TOC) contents, carbon-to-phosphorus ratio (C∶P), and nitrogen-to-phosphorus ratio (N∶P) were significantly higher in Area A than in Area B (+53.3%, +38.0%, +52.4%, +50.0%), while the total carbon (TC) content and carbon-to-nitrogen ratio (C∶N) were lower (−8.7%, −21.8%). In addition, the contents of C, N, and P in sediments and their ecological stoichiometric characteristics also changed the horizontal distribution pattern with increasing distance from the shore. Specifically, TC and TOC contents, C∶N, and C∶P in sediments decreased with increasing distance from the shore, while TN and TP contents showed the opposite trend. Under the interaction of pipeline laying and distance from the shore, the changes in TC and TOC contents, C∶N, and C∶P were greater in Area A than in Area B, and the differences were more significant near the shore than far from the shore. All these results indicate that pipeline laying and distance from the shore are important factors affecting the C, N and P contents and ecological stoichiometric characteristics of sediments, and the interaction between distance from the shore and pipeline laying weakens the impact on the C, N and P contents and ecological stoichiometric characteristics of sediments.
, Available online , doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.20240144
Abstract:
Agroforestry is an environment-friendly semi-natural system of agricultural production that introduces naturally occurring ecosystems into agricultural land management, using a mixed-planting approach of trees and agricultural crops to create a more stable agricultural ecosystem. Agroforestry systems help to enhance economic value, increase product diversity, improve resource recycling efficiency, enrich soil, and maintain local biodiversity, thus leading a trend toward modern, efficient, sustainable agriculture. This article summarizes common agroforestry systems found in tropical regions worldwide, and evaluates their ecological, economic, and social benefits. In Asia, important agroforestry systems include rubber-based, oil palm-based, and Kapok-rice agroforestry systems. Agroforestry systems in Africa are based on crops such as cocoa and acacia. Dominant species for agroforestry systems in Latin America are cashews and coffee. Nevertheless, there is still a lack of comprehensive macro-scale researches and understandings of ecological processes. The absence of a unified evaluation system, as well as insufficient public education, have prevented tropical agroforestry systems to reach their full potential. It is recommended that agroforestry systems in tropical regions should have nature-based solutions, including selection of appropriate local species combinations, promoting biodiversity and ecological processes, and integrating agriculture, culture, as well as tourism development strategies, eventually developing region-specific high-yield, high-quality agricultural technologies.
Agroforestry is an environment-friendly semi-natural system of agricultural production that introduces naturally occurring ecosystems into agricultural land management, using a mixed-planting approach of trees and agricultural crops to create a more stable agricultural ecosystem. Agroforestry systems help to enhance economic value, increase product diversity, improve resource recycling efficiency, enrich soil, and maintain local biodiversity, thus leading a trend toward modern, efficient, sustainable agriculture. This article summarizes common agroforestry systems found in tropical regions worldwide, and evaluates their ecological, economic, and social benefits. In Asia, important agroforestry systems include rubber-based, oil palm-based, and Kapok-rice agroforestry systems. Agroforestry systems in Africa are based on crops such as cocoa and acacia. Dominant species for agroforestry systems in Latin America are cashews and coffee. Nevertheless, there is still a lack of comprehensive macro-scale researches and understandings of ecological processes. The absence of a unified evaluation system, as well as insufficient public education, have prevented tropical agroforestry systems to reach their full potential. It is recommended that agroforestry systems in tropical regions should have nature-based solutions, including selection of appropriate local species combinations, promoting biodiversity and ecological processes, and integrating agriculture, culture, as well as tourism development strategies, eventually developing region-specific high-yield, high-quality agricultural technologies.
, Available online , doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.20250016
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Natural rubber is an important strategic resource in China. The infection of Colletotrichum gloeosporides in rubber tree would greatly affect the development of rubber industry. The functional study of the pathogenicity-related genes of C. gloeosporioides can provide a theoretical basis for disease prevention and control. A gene CgPEB encoding carboxypeptidase Y inhibitor protein was identified in C. gloeosporioides. The gene knockout mutant strain was constructed according to the principle of homologous recombination, and the phenotype and pathogenicity analysis were performed. The results showed that the growth rate and conidial production of ΔCgpeb, Cgpeb gene knockout mutant were reduced. Besides, both the appressorium and invasive hyphae formation rate of ΔCgpeb were significantly reduced. These findings suggested that CgPEB plays an important role in regulating the colony growth, conidial production and pathogenicity of C. gloeosporioides.
Natural rubber is an important strategic resource in China. The infection of Colletotrichum gloeosporides in rubber tree would greatly affect the development of rubber industry. The functional study of the pathogenicity-related genes of C. gloeosporioides can provide a theoretical basis for disease prevention and control. A gene CgPEB encoding carboxypeptidase Y inhibitor protein was identified in C. gloeosporioides. The gene knockout mutant strain was constructed according to the principle of homologous recombination, and the phenotype and pathogenicity analysis were performed. The results showed that the growth rate and conidial production of ΔCgpeb, Cgpeb gene knockout mutant were reduced. Besides, both the appressorium and invasive hyphae formation rate of ΔCgpeb were significantly reduced. These findings suggested that CgPEB plays an important role in regulating the colony growth, conidial production and pathogenicity of C. gloeosporioides.
, Available online , doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.20240033
Abstract:
Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) is one of the important invasive pests infesting melons and vegetables in China. An attempt was made to further explore the adaptive mechanism of L. trifolii to temperature stress. The sequence characteristics, structure and phylogenetic analysis of catalase (CAT) in L. trifolii were analyzed by using bioinformatics, and the expression of LtCAT gene at different developmental stages and under temperature stress was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. The CAT gene sequence of L. trifolii was cloned, and its open reading frame length was1542 bp, encoding 513 amino acids. The construction of phylogenetic tree showed that the CAT gene of L. trifolii was closely related to those of Bactrocera dorsalis, Zeugodacus cucurbitae and Ceratitis capitata, and hence clustered into one branch with a confidence level of 90%. The LtCAT gene was differentially expressed in larvae, pupae and adults, and the expression level was the highest in pupae. After temperature stress treatment, the expression of LtCAT gene responded positively to temperature changes. This study provides a basis for further study on the function of CAT gene in L. trifolii.
Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) is one of the important invasive pests infesting melons and vegetables in China. An attempt was made to further explore the adaptive mechanism of L. trifolii to temperature stress. The sequence characteristics, structure and phylogenetic analysis of catalase (CAT) in L. trifolii were analyzed by using bioinformatics, and the expression of LtCAT gene at different developmental stages and under temperature stress was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. The CAT gene sequence of L. trifolii was cloned, and its open reading frame length was
, Available online , doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.20250048
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A new type of electron accelerator device in Sanya was utilized for the first time to mutagenize rice germinating seeds with seven radiation groups at doses of 80-200 Gy in a gradient of 20 Gy. Statistical analyses were performed on six agronomic traits, namely, germination potential, germination rate, survival rate, plant height, fruiting rate, and 1,000-grain weight of rice seeds of the M1 generation, and phenotypic mutations were screened and analyzed for the M2 generation. The results showed that all the agronomic indexes of the rice materials of the M1 generation irradiated at different doses tended to decrease significantly different with the increase of irradiation dose, except for the thousand grain weight, which did not change significantly, and the plant height, which was gradually restored to the level of the control group. The rice plants with mutation in disease resistance, early maturity, late maturity, plant height, tiller number, awn length, and hull color were selected from the M2 generation, with the mutation rates in the order of hull color (0.2349 %) > plant height (0.2148 %) > late maturity (0.1348 %) > plant height (0.1348 %) > late maturity (0.1348 %) > early maturity (0.1074 %) > awn length (0.0805 %) > number of tillers (0.0537 %) > disease resistance (0.0403 %). The optimal radiation doses for the rice sprouting seeds were determined to be 140-160 Gy.
A new type of electron accelerator device in Sanya was utilized for the first time to mutagenize rice germinating seeds with seven radiation groups at doses of 80-200 Gy in a gradient of 20 Gy. Statistical analyses were performed on six agronomic traits, namely, germination potential, germination rate, survival rate, plant height, fruiting rate, and 1,000-grain weight of rice seeds of the M1 generation, and phenotypic mutations were screened and analyzed for the M2 generation. The results showed that all the agronomic indexes of the rice materials of the M1 generation irradiated at different doses tended to decrease significantly different with the increase of irradiation dose, except for the thousand grain weight, which did not change significantly, and the plant height, which was gradually restored to the level of the control group. The rice plants with mutation in disease resistance, early maturity, late maturity, plant height, tiller number, awn length, and hull color were selected from the M2 generation, with the mutation rates in the order of hull color (
Identification and expression analysis of the acetyl-CoA carboxylase gene family in Persea americana
, Available online , doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.20250037
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Avocado (Persea americana) is a fruit with high nutritional value, and fatty acids are among its key intrinsic nutrients. Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) is a crucial enzyme in fatty acid synthesis, essential for oil accumulation and storage. The protein structure, evolutionary relationships, and cis-acting elements of the PaACC gene promoter in avocado were analyzed by employing bioinformatics tools, and the expression levels of the PaACC genes across different avocado organs and developmental stages of the fruit were analyzed by using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). A total of seven PaACC genes were identified in avocado, encoding three BC subunits, three BCCP subunits, and one α-CT subunit of ACC. The amino acid lengths of these genes range from 251 to 776, with an average molecular weight of 49.95 kDa. All the encoded proteins are hydrophilic and lack of transmembrane domains. Phylogenetic analysis of ACC proteins from various plant species reveals that ACC proteins are categorized into four subfamilies based on subunit composition. The gene structure shows that all the PaACC genes contain at least 5 exons, each member of which contains a certain number of introns. There are 25 different conserved motifs in the PaACC gene family. Specifically, PaACC1, PaACC2, and PaACC3 all have motif 14, while PaACC4, PaACC5, and PaACC6 all have motifs 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. In the promoter region of the PaACC genes, several cis-acting elements associated with light response, hormone response, drought stress, and low-temperature stress were identified. These findings suggest that the PaACC genes play a significant role in regulating plant growth and development and may enhance the plant’s tolerance to abiotic stresses. Expression pattern analysis reveals that PaACC4, PaACC5, and PaACC7 exhibit significantly higher expression levels during the S5 stage of fruit development compared to other organs and stages. This study provides a theoretical foundation for further research on the role of the PaACC genes in avocado fatty acid biosynthesis.
Avocado (Persea americana) is a fruit with high nutritional value, and fatty acids are among its key intrinsic nutrients. Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) is a crucial enzyme in fatty acid synthesis, essential for oil accumulation and storage. The protein structure, evolutionary relationships, and cis-acting elements of the PaACC gene promoter in avocado were analyzed by employing bioinformatics tools, and the expression levels of the PaACC genes across different avocado organs and developmental stages of the fruit were analyzed by using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). A total of seven PaACC genes were identified in avocado, encoding three BC subunits, three BCCP subunits, and one α-CT subunit of ACC. The amino acid lengths of these genes range from 251 to 776, with an average molecular weight of 49.95 kDa. All the encoded proteins are hydrophilic and lack of transmembrane domains. Phylogenetic analysis of ACC proteins from various plant species reveals that ACC proteins are categorized into four subfamilies based on subunit composition. The gene structure shows that all the PaACC genes contain at least 5 exons, each member of which contains a certain number of introns. There are 25 different conserved motifs in the PaACC gene family. Specifically, PaACC1, PaACC2, and PaACC3 all have motif 14, while PaACC4, PaACC5, and PaACC6 all have motifs 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. In the promoter region of the PaACC genes, several cis-acting elements associated with light response, hormone response, drought stress, and low-temperature stress were identified. These findings suggest that the PaACC genes play a significant role in regulating plant growth and development and may enhance the plant’s tolerance to abiotic stresses. Expression pattern analysis reveals that PaACC4, PaACC5, and PaACC7 exhibit significantly higher expression levels during the S5 stage of fruit development compared to other organs and stages. This study provides a theoretical foundation for further research on the role of the PaACC genes in avocado fatty acid biosynthesis.
, Available online , doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.20250032
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Ascorbate peroxidases (APXs) play a significant role in plant resistance to abiotic stress. An attempt was made to investigate the role of APXs in cassava resistance to cassava common mosaic virus (CsCMV). APX activity and the expression level of MeAPXs during infection of cassava with CsCMV were analyzed. The results showed that APX activity and MeAPX2 transcript level were reduced. Therefore, MeAPX2 was identified as a candidate gene for further analysis. MeAPX2 positively regulated cassava resistance to CsCMV, as determined by the disease index in MeAPX2-silenced plants. Further analysis revealed that MeAPX2 directly interacts with the coat protein (CP) of CsCMV. Moreover, CP was found to inhibit the activity of MeAPX2 both in vivo and in vitro. The results demonstrated that CsCMV suppresses APX activity during infection in cassava. Furthermore, MeAPX2 positively regulates cassava resistance to CsCMV by targeting CP.
Ascorbate peroxidases (APXs) play a significant role in plant resistance to abiotic stress. An attempt was made to investigate the role of APXs in cassava resistance to cassava common mosaic virus (CsCMV). APX activity and the expression level of MeAPXs during infection of cassava with CsCMV were analyzed. The results showed that APX activity and MeAPX2 transcript level were reduced. Therefore, MeAPX2 was identified as a candidate gene for further analysis. MeAPX2 positively regulated cassava resistance to CsCMV, as determined by the disease index in MeAPX2-silenced plants. Further analysis revealed that MeAPX2 directly interacts with the coat protein (CP) of CsCMV. Moreover, CP was found to inhibit the activity of MeAPX2 both in vivo and in vitro. The results demonstrated that CsCMV suppresses APX activity during infection in cassava. Furthermore, MeAPX2 positively regulates cassava resistance to CsCMV by targeting CP.
, Available online , doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.20250039
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Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) are one of the most important plant parasitic nematodes worldwide, which seriously threatens agricultural production. Application of nematicides around the root-zone is still the main control method. Tomato plants in pots were foliar sprayed with nematicides to explore the pot control efficacy of the nematicides against root-knot nematodes in tomato and the inhibitory effects of root exudates (RE) and root metabolites (RM) on the second-stage juveniles (J2s) and egg hatching. The results showed that foliar application of fluopyram, fosthiazate, and abamectin had certain pot control efficacy against root-knot nematodes in tomato. On the whole, RE had better inhibitory effect on J2s and egg hatching than RM. RE obtained by foliar application of fosthiazate showed extremely high inhibitory effect on J2s, with a mortality rate of 84.10% on the first day after application. The results preliminarily proved the feasibility of foliar application of nematicides for the control of root-knot nematodes, which might provide an innovative strategy for reducing soil application and "reusing old nematicides" in tropical facility agriculture.
Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) are one of the most important plant parasitic nematodes worldwide, which seriously threatens agricultural production. Application of nematicides around the root-zone is still the main control method. Tomato plants in pots were foliar sprayed with nematicides to explore the pot control efficacy of the nematicides against root-knot nematodes in tomato and the inhibitory effects of root exudates (RE) and root metabolites (RM) on the second-stage juveniles (J2s) and egg hatching. The results showed that foliar application of fluopyram, fosthiazate, and abamectin had certain pot control efficacy against root-knot nematodes in tomato. On the whole, RE had better inhibitory effect on J2s and egg hatching than RM. RE obtained by foliar application of fosthiazate showed extremely high inhibitory effect on J2s, with a mortality rate of 84.10% on the first day after application. The results preliminarily proved the feasibility of foliar application of nematicides for the control of root-knot nematodes, which might provide an innovative strategy for reducing soil application and "reusing old nematicides" in tropical facility agriculture.
, Available online , doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.20250031
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MYC2 is an important transcription factor that regulates the synthesis of terpenoid secondary metabolites in plants. However, little is known about the CdMYC2 transcription factor in C. drupifera. In this study, the related sequence information of CdMYC2 gene was obtained based on the transcriptome annotation data of C. drupifera. A CdMYC2 gene was successfully isolated and cloned from the leaves of C. drupifera for the first time. Its CDS sequence length was1515 bp, encoding 504 amino acids, with typical bHLH-MYC _ N super family and bHLH _ SF super family conserved domains. This gene was predicted to be located in the nucleus. Multiple sequence alignment further confirmed that the amplified CdMYC2 belongs to the MYC2 family transcription factor. The phylogenetic tree analysis showed that CdMYC2 was clustered into a clade with Camellia sinensis, a plant belonging to the same family and genus, while it was far away from the clades of Quercus lobata and Quercus robur. RT-qPCR results showed that the expression level of CdMYC2 gene was higher in the leaves than in other tissues. Among the different developmental stages of the fruit, the expression of CdMYC2 in the fruit reached the highest in September. This study provides an important reference for the subsequent exploration of the function of MYC2 transcription factor in the regulation of triterpenoid saponin biosynthesis pathway in C. drupifera.
MYC2 is an important transcription factor that regulates the synthesis of terpenoid secondary metabolites in plants. However, little is known about the CdMYC2 transcription factor in C. drupifera. In this study, the related sequence information of CdMYC2 gene was obtained based on the transcriptome annotation data of C. drupifera. A CdMYC2 gene was successfully isolated and cloned from the leaves of C. drupifera for the first time. Its CDS sequence length was
, Available online , doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.20250030
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Myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs) are critical regulators of skeletal muscle growth and development in animals. The full-length cDNA sequences of five MRFs from the giant grouper (Epinephelus lanceolatus) were cloned using RT-PCR and RAC, including MyoD1 (1,962 bp), MyoD2 (1,466 bp), MyoG (926 bp), MRF4 (1,052 bp), and Myf5 (1,133 bp), encoding 297, 270, 251, 238, and 242 amino acids, respectively. Amino acid sequence alignment revealed that all five MRFs contain a conserved basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain consisting of 60 amino acids. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the MRF genes are clustered into two distinct branches: MyoD (MyoD1 and MyoD2) groups with Myf5 in one clade, while MRF4 and MyoG form the other. All genes showed closest evolutionary relationships with Perciformes homologs. Real-time quantitative PCR analysis revealed predominant expression of these MRFs in skeletal muscle, with significantly lower expression levels in the liver, heart, and intestine. These findings provide foundation for elucidating the regulatory mechanisms of MRFs in skeletal muscle development of the giant grouper.
Myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs) are critical regulators of skeletal muscle growth and development in animals. The full-length cDNA sequences of five MRFs from the giant grouper (Epinephelus lanceolatus) were cloned using RT-PCR and RAC, including MyoD1 (1,962 bp), MyoD2 (1,466 bp), MyoG (926 bp), MRF4 (1,052 bp), and Myf5 (1,133 bp), encoding 297, 270, 251, 238, and 242 amino acids, respectively. Amino acid sequence alignment revealed that all five MRFs contain a conserved basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain consisting of 60 amino acids. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the MRF genes are clustered into two distinct branches: MyoD (MyoD1 and MyoD2) groups with Myf5 in one clade, while MRF4 and MyoG form the other. All genes showed closest evolutionary relationships with Perciformes homologs. Real-time quantitative PCR analysis revealed predominant expression of these MRFs in skeletal muscle, with significantly lower expression levels in the liver, heart, and intestine. These findings provide foundation for elucidating the regulatory mechanisms of MRFs in skeletal muscle development of the giant grouper.
, Available online , doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.20240197
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To address the decreased cut flower yield caused by the bud jumping development phenomenon, where adventitious buds interrupt the normal growth cycle of flower bud differentiation in Oncidium cut flower production, flower buds and vegetative buds of Oncidium hybridum 'Boda NO1' were selected for high-throughput transcriptome sequencing. A total of 127,452,717 high-quality sequences (37.36 Gb) were obtained, and 7,671 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. COG functional classification revealed primary enrichment in signal transduction pathways and carbohydrate transport/metabolism pathways. KEGG analysis showed that DEGs were significantly enriched in starch and sucrose metabolism, phytohormone signaling, and other pathways. Among these, 78 DEGs were identified in the phytohormone signaling pathway, with the most pronounced differences involving auxin, cytokinins, salicylic acid, and gibberellins. Thirteen transcription factors and flowering-related genes, including MADS1, AP2, and FLK, were also screened. These results partially elucidate the effects of auxin, cytokinins, and flowering-related genes on the differentiation of flower buds and vegetative buds in Oncidium. This study provides a theoretical foundation for further research on the mechanism underlying the bud jumping development phenomenon during Oncidium production. Additionally, it supports subsequent improvement in production efficiency, quality enhancement, and optimization of cultivation and management. These findings hold significant practical value for advancing orchid breeding, seedling production, and industry development in China.
To address the decreased cut flower yield caused by the bud jumping development phenomenon, where adventitious buds interrupt the normal growth cycle of flower bud differentiation in Oncidium cut flower production, flower buds and vegetative buds of Oncidium hybridum 'Boda NO1' were selected for high-throughput transcriptome sequencing. A total of 127,452,717 high-quality sequences (37.36 Gb) were obtained, and 7,671 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. COG functional classification revealed primary enrichment in signal transduction pathways and carbohydrate transport/metabolism pathways. KEGG analysis showed that DEGs were significantly enriched in starch and sucrose metabolism, phytohormone signaling, and other pathways. Among these, 78 DEGs were identified in the phytohormone signaling pathway, with the most pronounced differences involving auxin, cytokinins, salicylic acid, and gibberellins. Thirteen transcription factors and flowering-related genes, including MADS1, AP2, and FLK, were also screened. These results partially elucidate the effects of auxin, cytokinins, and flowering-related genes on the differentiation of flower buds and vegetative buds in Oncidium. This study provides a theoretical foundation for further research on the mechanism underlying the bud jumping development phenomenon during Oncidium production. Additionally, it supports subsequent improvement in production efficiency, quality enhancement, and optimization of cultivation and management. These findings hold significant practical value for advancing orchid breeding, seedling production, and industry development in China.
, Available online , doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.20240203
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In order to understand the distribution of moss resources and species diversity in Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park, moss plant specimen collections were conducted several times on the main peak of Limu Mountain from 2022 to 2023, and the specimens collected were identified morphologically in combination of literature review. A new record genus of Pilotrichaceae plants for Hainan was confirmed: Actinodontium, along with the species Actinodontium rhaphidostegum (Müll. Hal.) Bosch & Sande Lac. The morphological characteristics of the newly recorded genus and species were described, and illustrated with characteristic plates. The habitat and geographical distribution of the genus and species was also introduced. This new record enriches the diversity of bryophytes in Hainan Island.
In order to understand the distribution of moss resources and species diversity in Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park, moss plant specimen collections were conducted several times on the main peak of Limu Mountain from 2022 to 2023, and the specimens collected were identified morphologically in combination of literature review. A new record genus of Pilotrichaceae plants for Hainan was confirmed: Actinodontium, along with the species Actinodontium rhaphidostegum (Müll. Hal.) Bosch & Sande Lac. The morphological characteristics of the newly recorded genus and species were described, and illustrated with characteristic plates. The habitat and geographical distribution of the genus and species was also introduced. This new record enriches the diversity of bryophytes in Hainan Island.
, Available online , doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.20240160
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Abstracts: Macroalgae, such as Acanthophora muscoides and Gracilaria coronopifolia, widely distributed in the water of Liusha Bay in the Leizhou Peninsula in Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province. The basic nutritional components of A. muscoides and G. coronopifolia were analyzed and their nutritional value was assessed in a view to exploring their potential value for development. The results showed that the fresh weight moisture contents of A. muscoides and G. coronopifolia were 93.10% and 88.60%, respectively. Additionally, A. muscoides had crude protein content of 9.4%, crude fat content of 2.89%, ash content of 55.07%, and crude fiber content of 5.7%, while G. coronopifolia contained 7.5% of crude protein, 1.78% of crude fat, 27.38% of ash, and 3.57% of crude fiber. In term of amino acid profile, A. muscoides and G. coronopifolia contained 13 types of amino acids, with a rational composition and high levels of essential and flavor amino acids. The DAA/TAA ratios of the two macroalgae were 56.74% and 48.14%, respectively, meeting the requirements of the FAO/WHO standard pattern. The first limiting amino acid for both species was leucine, while the second limiting amino acids were isoleucine and lysine for A. muscoides and G. coronopifolia, respectively. Moreover, these macroalgae had valuable minerals, such as calcium, iron, sodium, magnesium, zinc, and potassium, and had low content of heavy metals. All these results showed that A. muscoides and G. coronopifolia had diverse and patterned amino acids, and vital minerals, making them highly valuable for nutrition and offering broad prospects for development and application. This study provides some reference for further resource development and utilization of A. muscoides and G.coronopifolia.
Abstracts: Macroalgae, such as Acanthophora muscoides and Gracilaria coronopifolia, widely distributed in the water of Liusha Bay in the Leizhou Peninsula in Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province. The basic nutritional components of A. muscoides and G. coronopifolia were analyzed and their nutritional value was assessed in a view to exploring their potential value for development. The results showed that the fresh weight moisture contents of A. muscoides and G. coronopifolia were 93.10% and 88.60%, respectively. Additionally, A. muscoides had crude protein content of 9.4%, crude fat content of 2.89%, ash content of 55.07%, and crude fiber content of 5.7%, while G. coronopifolia contained 7.5% of crude protein, 1.78% of crude fat, 27.38% of ash, and 3.57% of crude fiber. In term of amino acid profile, A. muscoides and G. coronopifolia contained 13 types of amino acids, with a rational composition and high levels of essential and flavor amino acids. The DAA/TAA ratios of the two macroalgae were 56.74% and 48.14%, respectively, meeting the requirements of the FAO/WHO standard pattern. The first limiting amino acid for both species was leucine, while the second limiting amino acids were isoleucine and lysine for A. muscoides and G. coronopifolia, respectively. Moreover, these macroalgae had valuable minerals, such as calcium, iron, sodium, magnesium, zinc, and potassium, and had low content of heavy metals. All these results showed that A. muscoides and G. coronopifolia had diverse and patterned amino acids, and vital minerals, making them highly valuable for nutrition and offering broad prospects for development and application. This study provides some reference for further resource development and utilization of A. muscoides and G.coronopifolia.
, Available online , doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.20250028
Abstract:
Cassava (Manihot esculenta), a crucial staple and bioenergy crop, faces significant yield and quality losses due to oxidative stress induced by environmental factors such as drought and high temperature. Previous studies have demonstrated that MeKIN10, a protein kinases associated with energy sensing in cassava, enhances oxidative stress tolerance by mediating the phosphorylation of MeRAV1/2. While protein-protein interaction is essential for kinase-mediated phosphorylation, the specific interaction regions between MeKIN10 and MeRAV1/2 remain elusive. In this context the interaction regions of MeKIN10 and MeRAV1/2 were identified through protein domain analysis, AlphaFold3 prediction and yeast two-hybrid experiment. The results demonstrate that the STKc-AMPK-alpha kinase domain of MeKIN10 is the key domain in its interaction with MeRAV1/2, which further indicates that the protein interaction between MeKIN10 and MeRAV1/2 is the key in mediating the phosphorylation of MeRAV1/2.
Cassava (Manihot esculenta), a crucial staple and bioenergy crop, faces significant yield and quality losses due to oxidative stress induced by environmental factors such as drought and high temperature. Previous studies have demonstrated that MeKIN10, a protein kinases associated with energy sensing in cassava, enhances oxidative stress tolerance by mediating the phosphorylation of MeRAV1/2. While protein-protein interaction is essential for kinase-mediated phosphorylation, the specific interaction regions between MeKIN10 and MeRAV1/2 remain elusive. In this context the interaction regions of MeKIN10 and MeRAV1/2 were identified through protein domain analysis, AlphaFold3 prediction and yeast two-hybrid experiment. The results demonstrate that the STKc-AMPK-alpha kinase domain of MeKIN10 is the key domain in its interaction with MeRAV1/2, which further indicates that the protein interaction between MeKIN10 and MeRAV1/2 is the key in mediating the phosphorylation of MeRAV1/2.
, Available online , doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.20240142
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To explore the characteristics of macroalgae species and community structure in the Marine Ranch of Wuzhizhou Island, Sanya, sampling surveys were conducted from April 2023 to June 2023 at 12 different sites within the marine ranch area. A total of 29 species of macroalgae were collected, including 17 species from the Rhodophyta phylum, 9 species from the Chlorophyta phylum, and 3 species from the Phaeophyta phylum. The dominant species were Amphiroa fragilissima and Turbinaria ornata. The average biomass of macroalgae was 2.40±1.89 g·m−2. The average carbon content and nitrogen content of different species of macroalgae were 18.80% and 0.98%, respectively, with an average C/N ratio of 24.04±13.61. The mean values of species diversity index (H′), species richness index (D), and species evenness index (J) of the macroalgae community were 1.28±0.59, 5.60±4.61, and 0.87±0.70, respectively. Cluster and ordination analysis revealed that the 12 sites were grouped into 3 clusters. SIMPER and ANOSIM analyses indicated significant differences in the community structure of macroalgae among these three clusters, with basic separation of community structures. These results suggest that the Marine Ranch of Wuzhizhou Island, Sanya harbors a rich diversity of macroalgae, but significant differences in community structure exist among different clusters due to specific dominant species and habitat variations.
To explore the characteristics of macroalgae species and community structure in the Marine Ranch of Wuzhizhou Island, Sanya, sampling surveys were conducted from April 2023 to June 2023 at 12 different sites within the marine ranch area. A total of 29 species of macroalgae were collected, including 17 species from the Rhodophyta phylum, 9 species from the Chlorophyta phylum, and 3 species from the Phaeophyta phylum. The dominant species were Amphiroa fragilissima and Turbinaria ornata. The average biomass of macroalgae was 2.40±1.89 g·m−2. The average carbon content and nitrogen content of different species of macroalgae were 18.80% and 0.98%, respectively, with an average C/N ratio of 24.04±13.61. The mean values of species diversity index (H′), species richness index (D), and species evenness index (J) of the macroalgae community were 1.28±0.59, 5.60±4.61, and 0.87±0.70, respectively. Cluster and ordination analysis revealed that the 12 sites were grouped into 3 clusters. SIMPER and ANOSIM analyses indicated significant differences in the community structure of macroalgae among these three clusters, with basic separation of community structures. These results suggest that the Marine Ranch of Wuzhizhou Island, Sanya harbors a rich diversity of macroalgae, but significant differences in community structure exist among different clusters due to specific dominant species and habitat variations.
, Available online , doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.20250024
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The KNOX gene family encodes homeobox proteins that function as transcription factors and are integral to regulating plant growth and development. To investigate the bioinformatic characteristics of the KNOX gene family and its potential roles during viviparous seedling development in water lily (Nymphaea), this study identified 15 KNOX genes from the Nymphaea genome using bioinformatics approaches. These genes were distributed across chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, and 13. Detailed analyses were performed to assess their physicochemical properties, cis-regulatory elements, and interspecies collinearity. The physicochemical characterization revealed that the KNOX proteins ranged from 249 to2270 amino acids in length, were hydrophilic, and had molecular weights between 2.84 and 24.95 kDa. Subcellular localization predictions indicated that most KNOX proteins localized in the nucleus. Furthermore, the majority of these proteins contained four conserved domains — KNOX1, KNOX2, ELK, and Homeobox KN. Based on structural features and phylogenetic analysis, the KNOX gene family was classified into Class Ⅰ and Class Ⅱ, with Class Ⅱ-B potentially representing a specific clade unique to Nymphaea. Interspecies collinearity analysis revealed that 13 of the KNOX genes shared conserved synteny with KNOX genes from Arabidopsis thaliana, Solanum lycopersicum, Oryza sativa, and Zea mays, with the highest level of homology observed with tomato. Additionally, promoter analysis identified numerous cis-regulatory elements related to growth and development, hormone response, and stress response. Expression pattern analysis across different development stages of leaves suggested that Class Ⅰ genes likely played a pivotal role in the formation and development of leaf viviparous shoots in Nymphaea.
The KNOX gene family encodes homeobox proteins that function as transcription factors and are integral to regulating plant growth and development. To investigate the bioinformatic characteristics of the KNOX gene family and its potential roles during viviparous seedling development in water lily (Nymphaea), this study identified 15 KNOX genes from the Nymphaea genome using bioinformatics approaches. These genes were distributed across chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, and 13. Detailed analyses were performed to assess their physicochemical properties, cis-regulatory elements, and interspecies collinearity. The physicochemical characterization revealed that the KNOX proteins ranged from 249 to
, Available online , doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.20250033
Abstract:
Bidens pilosa, an invasive weed commonly found in South China, is considered as a companion weeds in various upland cropping systems and serves as an intermediate host for a range of phytopathogens. This study reports the occurrence of leaf spot lesions in a population of B. pilosa. To investigate the cause, pathogens were isolated from the infected leaves using a tissue isolation method, and pathogenicity was confirmed through detached-leaf inoculation assays. A combination of morphological characterization and phylogenetic analysis of concatenated rDNA-ITS and tef1 sequences enabled accurate identification of the pathogen. The pathogen was identified as Lasiodiplodia theobromae, which causes leaf wilt and rot in B. pilosa. Preliminary environmental studies indicated that the isolated strain exhibited optimal colony growth at 28 ℃, pH 6, on Potato Dextrose Agar(PDA) medium supplemented with sucrose and sodium nitrate, which served as the preferred carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively.
Bidens pilosa, an invasive weed commonly found in South China, is considered as a companion weeds in various upland cropping systems and serves as an intermediate host for a range of phytopathogens. This study reports the occurrence of leaf spot lesions in a population of B. pilosa. To investigate the cause, pathogens were isolated from the infected leaves using a tissue isolation method, and pathogenicity was confirmed through detached-leaf inoculation assays. A combination of morphological characterization and phylogenetic analysis of concatenated rDNA-ITS and tef1 sequences enabled accurate identification of the pathogen. The pathogen was identified as Lasiodiplodia theobromae, which causes leaf wilt and rot in B. pilosa. Preliminary environmental studies indicated that the isolated strain exhibited optimal colony growth at 28 ℃, pH 6, on Potato Dextrose Agar(PDA) medium supplemented with sucrose and sodium nitrate, which served as the preferred carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively.
, Available online , doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.20250008
Abstract:
In order to select an agricultural Jiaosu that can effectively improve the quality and yield of passion fruit (Passiflora edulis), passion fruit seedlings were treated with agricultural Jiaosu formulations prepared from four different substrates, namely passion fruit peel, passion fruit straw, cherry tomato straw and corn straw, and chemical fertilizer as control to observe the effects of the treatments on the quality and yield of passion fruits in pot culture under anti-insect net and field experiments. The results showed that the fruit size, single fruit weight and first-class fruit rate of passion fruit under the passion fruit peel Jiaosu treatment were similar to those of the chemical fertilizer treatment, with the yield being 6.38% higher, and that this Jiaosu treatment was better than other Jiaosu treatments. In terms of quality, the passion fruit peel Jiaosu treatment significantly increased the content of Ca and total sugar in juice, decreased the content of organic acid, and had the highest TSS-TA ratio and sugar-acid ratio, and this treatment was better than the passion fruit straw Jiaosu and corn straw Jiaosu treatments. The cherry tomato straw Jiaosu treatment significantly increased the contents of Fe, Zn, total organic acids, total amino acids and vitamin C in the fruit. However, the fruits in this treatment were low in TSS-TA ratio and sugar-acid ratio due to the high acid content, and hence were poor in comprehensive quality. Based on the data of 2 years of experiments, the passion fruit peel Jiaosu treatment had the best effects on improving the comprehensive quality and yield of passion fruits, and the fruits under this treatment had a higher commercial value, which was suggested to be the best treatment.
In order to select an agricultural Jiaosu that can effectively improve the quality and yield of passion fruit (Passiflora edulis), passion fruit seedlings were treated with agricultural Jiaosu formulations prepared from four different substrates, namely passion fruit peel, passion fruit straw, cherry tomato straw and corn straw, and chemical fertilizer as control to observe the effects of the treatments on the quality and yield of passion fruits in pot culture under anti-insect net and field experiments. The results showed that the fruit size, single fruit weight and first-class fruit rate of passion fruit under the passion fruit peel Jiaosu treatment were similar to those of the chemical fertilizer treatment, with the yield being 6.38% higher, and that this Jiaosu treatment was better than other Jiaosu treatments. In terms of quality, the passion fruit peel Jiaosu treatment significantly increased the content of Ca and total sugar in juice, decreased the content of organic acid, and had the highest TSS-TA ratio and sugar-acid ratio, and this treatment was better than the passion fruit straw Jiaosu and corn straw Jiaosu treatments. The cherry tomato straw Jiaosu treatment significantly increased the contents of Fe, Zn, total organic acids, total amino acids and vitamin C in the fruit. However, the fruits in this treatment were low in TSS-TA ratio and sugar-acid ratio due to the high acid content, and hence were poor in comprehensive quality. Based on the data of 2 years of experiments, the passion fruit peel Jiaosu treatment had the best effects on improving the comprehensive quality and yield of passion fruits, and the fruits under this treatment had a higher commercial value, which was suggested to be the best treatment.
, Available online , doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.20240047
Abstract:
In order to screen out bacteriostatic agents and their concentrations suitable for sugarcane open hydroponics, virus-free healthy seedlings of sugarcane cultivar Zhongtang No. 1 were treated with bacteriostatic agents including Diclofenac zinc, carbendazim, sodium hypochlorite, polyols and isothiazolinone at different concentrations and cultured in open hydroponics to observe their contamination rate, proliferation coefficient and rooting rate. The results showed that treatment with 0.14% isothiazolinone had the best effect on proliferation in open hydroponics of sugarcane, with a medium contamination rate of 7.04% and a plant proliferation coefficient of 2.71, whereas the treatment with 0.11% isothiazolinone had maximum effect on rooting in open hydroponics, with the medium contamination rate of 6.58%, and the rooting rate of 94.44%.
In order to screen out bacteriostatic agents and their concentrations suitable for sugarcane open hydroponics, virus-free healthy seedlings of sugarcane cultivar Zhongtang No. 1 were treated with bacteriostatic agents including Diclofenac zinc, carbendazim, sodium hypochlorite, polyols and isothiazolinone at different concentrations and cultured in open hydroponics to observe their contamination rate, proliferation coefficient and rooting rate. The results showed that treatment with 0.14% isothiazolinone had the best effect on proliferation in open hydroponics of sugarcane, with a medium contamination rate of 7.04% and a plant proliferation coefficient of 2.71, whereas the treatment with 0.11% isothiazolinone had maximum effect on rooting in open hydroponics, with the medium contamination rate of 6.58%, and the rooting rate of 94.44%.
, Available online , doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.20250035
Abstract:
In order to investigate the potential functions of the cassava (Manihot esculenta) Ⅶ subfamily of ERF gene family in response to biotic stress, we identified 161 ERF genes in the cassava genome, which were divided into 13 subfamilies. Analyses were performed on the conserved domains, cis-acting elements in promoter regions, interacting proteins, target genes, and expression patterns of the Ⅶ subfamily members. The results showed that all members of this subfamily contained a conserved AP2 domain, and their promoter regions included 13 types of cis-acting elements related to plant growth and development, and environmental stress responses. Expression pattern analysis revealed that the MeERF46, MeERF133, and MeERF92 genes responded actively to Xpm infection among them, the change of MeERF92 expression was the most significant. WGCNA and protein-protein interaction network analysis indicated that MeERF92 might be involved in the process of oxidative stress, while MeERF133 was widely involved in glycometabolism. These findings provide candidate genes for further research into the functions and mechanisms of ERFs in cassava's response to biotic stress.
In order to investigate the potential functions of the cassava (Manihot esculenta) Ⅶ subfamily of ERF gene family in response to biotic stress, we identified 161 ERF genes in the cassava genome, which were divided into 13 subfamilies. Analyses were performed on the conserved domains, cis-acting elements in promoter regions, interacting proteins, target genes, and expression patterns of the Ⅶ subfamily members. The results showed that all members of this subfamily contained a conserved AP2 domain, and their promoter regions included 13 types of cis-acting elements related to plant growth and development, and environmental stress responses. Expression pattern analysis revealed that the MeERF46, MeERF133, and MeERF92 genes responded actively to Xpm infection among them, the change of MeERF92 expression was the most significant. WGCNA and protein-protein interaction network analysis indicated that MeERF92 might be involved in the process of oxidative stress, while MeERF133 was widely involved in glycometabolism. These findings provide candidate genes for further research into the functions and mechanisms of ERFs in cassava's response to biotic stress.
, Available online , doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.20240053
Abstract:
Polyurethane sponge was used as a biofilm carrier for the enrichment of anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AnAOB) to investigate the denitrification performance and microbial community changes of the biofilm system under different nitrogen loads of influent water. The results showed that the total nitrogen removal rate increased with the nitrogen load of influent water. The total nitrogen removal rate was as high as 85.79% in the stabilization period, the nitrogen load in effluent was 0.26 kg·N·m−3·d−1, and the total nitrogen removal reached the national standard. Meanwhile, the formation of cauliflower-shaped biofilm on the polyurethane sponge carrier was observed by using the scanning electron microscopy, and the sequencing of the biofilm samples showed that the biofilm system had been used to enrich the anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AnAOB). Subsequently, the sequencing showed that the functional microorganisms in the system were Candiadatus brocadia, which accounted for 29.80% of the total number of microorganisms in the stable period. Finally, the changes of cross-feeding interactions between the genera of anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria and other genera of microbiota under high load conditions were summarized, which will provide a comprehensive guideline for the future metabolism research and practical application of the anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacterial flora in the engineering.
Polyurethane sponge was used as a biofilm carrier for the enrichment of anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AnAOB) to investigate the denitrification performance and microbial community changes of the biofilm system under different nitrogen loads of influent water. The results showed that the total nitrogen removal rate increased with the nitrogen load of influent water. The total nitrogen removal rate was as high as 85.79% in the stabilization period, the nitrogen load in effluent was 0.26 kg·N·m−3·d−1, and the total nitrogen removal reached the national standard. Meanwhile, the formation of cauliflower-shaped biofilm on the polyurethane sponge carrier was observed by using the scanning electron microscopy, and the sequencing of the biofilm samples showed that the biofilm system had been used to enrich the anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AnAOB). Subsequently, the sequencing showed that the functional microorganisms in the system were Candiadatus brocadia, which accounted for 29.80% of the total number of microorganisms in the stable period. Finally, the changes of cross-feeding interactions between the genera of anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria and other genera of microbiota under high load conditions were summarized, which will provide a comprehensive guideline for the future metabolism research and practical application of the anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacterial flora in the engineering.
, Available online , doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.20240088
Abstract:
An attempt was made to determine the content of total saponins and antioxidant activity in the roots of Callerya speciosa (Champion ex Bentham) Schot at different ages, and provide reference for their rational development and utilization. The roots of C. speciosa were collected and extracted by using an ultrasonic-assisted extraction method, and the extraction process of total saponins from C. speciosa roots were optimized. Furthermore, the content of total saponins from the extracts of the C. speciosa roots at different ages (3-year-old, 6-year-old, 10-year-old and 15-year-old) was determined by using UV photometer.. The antioxidant activity of total saponins from the C. speciosa roots was determined by using the DPPH free radical method and hydroxyl free radical method. The results showed that the best extraction conditions for total saponins of the C. speciosa roots are 80% ethanol, 1∶ 40 solid-liquid ratio, 40 min ultrasound time, and 3 extraction times. Among the four materials, the 6-year-old C. speciosa roots had the highest total saponin content, while the 15-year-old C. speciosa had the lowest. The total saponin content of the C. speciosa roots tended to increase and then decrease with the ages of C. speciosa. The antioxidant activity test found that total saponins of the C. speciosa roots at different ages all possessed a certain level of antioxidant capacity in vitro, which can be developed and utilized as a potential natural antioxidant.
An attempt was made to determine the content of total saponins and antioxidant activity in the roots of Callerya speciosa (Champion ex Bentham) Schot at different ages, and provide reference for their rational development and utilization. The roots of C. speciosa were collected and extracted by using an ultrasonic-assisted extraction method, and the extraction process of total saponins from C. speciosa roots were optimized. Furthermore, the content of total saponins from the extracts of the C. speciosa roots at different ages (3-year-old, 6-year-old, 10-year-old and 15-year-old) was determined by using UV photometer.. The antioxidant activity of total saponins from the C. speciosa roots was determined by using the DPPH free radical method and hydroxyl free radical method. The results showed that the best extraction conditions for total saponins of the C. speciosa roots are 80% ethanol, 1∶ 40 solid-liquid ratio, 40 min ultrasound time, and 3 extraction times. Among the four materials, the 6-year-old C. speciosa roots had the highest total saponin content, while the 15-year-old C. speciosa had the lowest. The total saponin content of the C. speciosa roots tended to increase and then decrease with the ages of C. speciosa. The antioxidant activity test found that total saponins of the C. speciosa roots at different ages all possessed a certain level of antioxidant capacity in vitro, which can be developed and utilized as a potential natural antioxidant.
, Available online , doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.20240119
Abstract:
Extreme climate-driven alterations in precipitation patterns lead to frequent heavy rainfall, drought, and dry-wet alternation events, and hence significantly impact plant growth and soil community stability. Cinnamomum camphora, a crucial economic species for greening, is particularly sensitive to these environmental changes. Understanding the influence of altered precipitation patterns on the growth of C. camphora and its associated soil systems holds significant implications for cultivation, management and planting strategies in the context of global extreme climate change. A pot experiment was designed to simulate precipitation patterns to cultivate C. camphora seedlings to determine the soil physicochemical properties (pH, soil organic carbon, and soil total nitrogen) and microbial biomass in the pot soil. The seedlings were treated with stress of flooding, drought, or wet-dry alternation, with no stress as a control. Results indicated that the three stress treatments notably increased soil total nitrogen content (P<0.001 as against the control. Soil total phospholipid fatty acids and bacterial biomass were significantly higher in the stress treatment of flooding or dry-wet alternation compared to the drought stress, whereas fungal biomass remained relatively stable under stress conditions. Additionally, the microbial Simpson index was significantly lower under the drought stress treatment compared to the other treatments. In conclusion under extreme stress events the growth of C. camphora was inhibited, and the soil microorganisms become more constrained by carbon substrates. The drought stress had a more pronounced impact on soil physiochemical properties and microbial communities compared to the stress treatments of flooding and dry-wet alternation. Under the extreme climate events the coupling of microorganisms and plants should be enhanced to improve the ability of plants to adapt to extreme climate, thereby preserving the stability and functionality of the soil ecosystem and benefiting plant recovery.
Extreme climate-driven alterations in precipitation patterns lead to frequent heavy rainfall, drought, and dry-wet alternation events, and hence significantly impact plant growth and soil community stability. Cinnamomum camphora, a crucial economic species for greening, is particularly sensitive to these environmental changes. Understanding the influence of altered precipitation patterns on the growth of C. camphora and its associated soil systems holds significant implications for cultivation, management and planting strategies in the context of global extreme climate change. A pot experiment was designed to simulate precipitation patterns to cultivate C. camphora seedlings to determine the soil physicochemical properties (pH, soil organic carbon, and soil total nitrogen) and microbial biomass in the pot soil. The seedlings were treated with stress of flooding, drought, or wet-dry alternation, with no stress as a control. Results indicated that the three stress treatments notably increased soil total nitrogen content (P<0.001 as against the control. Soil total phospholipid fatty acids and bacterial biomass were significantly higher in the stress treatment of flooding or dry-wet alternation compared to the drought stress, whereas fungal biomass remained relatively stable under stress conditions. Additionally, the microbial Simpson index was significantly lower under the drought stress treatment compared to the other treatments. In conclusion under extreme stress events the growth of C. camphora was inhibited, and the soil microorganisms become more constrained by carbon substrates. The drought stress had a more pronounced impact on soil physiochemical properties and microbial communities compared to the stress treatments of flooding and dry-wet alternation. Under the extreme climate events the coupling of microorganisms and plants should be enhanced to improve the ability of plants to adapt to extreme climate, thereby preserving the stability and functionality of the soil ecosystem and benefiting plant recovery.
, Available online , doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.20240082
Abstract:
Four-year-old trees of wax apple 'Nanlu No.1' (Syzygium samarangense (BI.) Merr. et Perry) of similar growth vigor located in Yazhou District, Sanya City, Hainan Province were selected to observe the fruit growth and development and determine their fruit quality to elucidate the fruit growth development and quality formation patterns A comprehensive two-year tracking experiment was conducted from 2022 to 2024, starting from 10 days after flowering to the maturity of the fruit in both summer and winter seasons. Dynamic changes in fruit size and flesh quality indicators were systematically observed and evaluated. Results indicated significant differences in external quality indicators, such as fruit size and shape index from 10 days after flowering to maturity and in internal quality indicators from the fruit expansion stage to maturity. Single fruit weight and the contents of soluble sugar, ascorbic acid and soluble solids all showed a significant increasing trend. In contrast, total acid content and fruit shape index exhibited a less pronounced trend. Notable differences were observed in fruit quality indicators at maturity in different seasons, with the winter fruits scoring higher in principal component analysis compared to the summer fruits. The critical growth and development periods were identified as 30-70 days after flowering for the summer fruits and 20-50 days after flowering for the winter fruits. The critical quality formation periods were 60-80 days and 50-60 days after flowering for the winter and summer fruits, respectively. The optimal harvesting time was approximately 80 days after flowering for the winter fruits and 60 days after flowering for the summer fruits, at which time the overall indicators of the contents of soluble sugars, soluble solids and ascorbic acid, and sugar-acid ratio were the best. The primary factors influencing fruit quality at maturity included ascorbic acid content, transverse and longitudinal diameter, fresh weight, solids-acid ratio, sugar-acid ratio, and fruit shape index, with the winter fruits demonstrating superior overall quality over the summer fruits.
Four-year-old trees of wax apple 'Nanlu No.1' (Syzygium samarangense (BI.) Merr. et Perry) of similar growth vigor located in Yazhou District, Sanya City, Hainan Province were selected to observe the fruit growth and development and determine their fruit quality to elucidate the fruit growth development and quality formation patterns A comprehensive two-year tracking experiment was conducted from 2022 to 2024, starting from 10 days after flowering to the maturity of the fruit in both summer and winter seasons. Dynamic changes in fruit size and flesh quality indicators were systematically observed and evaluated. Results indicated significant differences in external quality indicators, such as fruit size and shape index from 10 days after flowering to maturity and in internal quality indicators from the fruit expansion stage to maturity. Single fruit weight and the contents of soluble sugar, ascorbic acid and soluble solids all showed a significant increasing trend. In contrast, total acid content and fruit shape index exhibited a less pronounced trend. Notable differences were observed in fruit quality indicators at maturity in different seasons, with the winter fruits scoring higher in principal component analysis compared to the summer fruits. The critical growth and development periods were identified as 30-70 days after flowering for the summer fruits and 20-50 days after flowering for the winter fruits. The critical quality formation periods were 60-80 days and 50-60 days after flowering for the winter and summer fruits, respectively. The optimal harvesting time was approximately 80 days after flowering for the winter fruits and 60 days after flowering for the summer fruits, at which time the overall indicators of the contents of soluble sugars, soluble solids and ascorbic acid, and sugar-acid ratio were the best. The primary factors influencing fruit quality at maturity included ascorbic acid content, transverse and longitudinal diameter, fresh weight, solids-acid ratio, sugar-acid ratio, and fruit shape index, with the winter fruits demonstrating superior overall quality over the summer fruits.
, Available online , doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.20250010
Abstract:
Banana 'Haigong' (Musa. AA) seedlings were treated with magnesium (Mg) and zinc (Zn) at gradient concentrations of 0%, 50%, and 100% of normal levels to observe the effects of magnesium and zinc deficiency on the growth and photosynthesis of the seedlings. The results show that after 120 days of treatment, the combined deficiency of Mg and Zn inhibited the growth and photosynthetic physiology of 'Haigong' seedlings. Under normal treatment, the plant height was 31.5 cm, stem diameter was 8.65 cm, and total root length was 1,051.47 cm; under deficiency treatment, plant height, stem diameter, and total root length were all reduced to varying degrees, with no significant difference in leaf morphology, and the relative growth rate of plant height varied among treatments. In terms of photosynthetic characteristics, there were significant differences in SPAD value, Pn value, Tr value, Ci value, and Gs value between normal and deficiency treatments, and under deficiency treatment the Y(Ⅱ) value and Fv/Fm value decreased, while the NPQ value fluctuated. This study monitored the growth and photosynthetic physiology of banana 'Haigong' seedlings under Mg and Zn deficiency, providing a reference for precise nutrient management.
Banana 'Haigong' (Musa. AA) seedlings were treated with magnesium (Mg) and zinc (Zn) at gradient concentrations of 0%, 50%, and 100% of normal levels to observe the effects of magnesium and zinc deficiency on the growth and photosynthesis of the seedlings. The results show that after 120 days of treatment, the combined deficiency of Mg and Zn inhibited the growth and photosynthetic physiology of 'Haigong' seedlings. Under normal treatment, the plant height was 31.5 cm, stem diameter was 8.65 cm, and total root length was 1,051.47 cm; under deficiency treatment, plant height, stem diameter, and total root length were all reduced to varying degrees, with no significant difference in leaf morphology, and the relative growth rate of plant height varied among treatments. In terms of photosynthetic characteristics, there were significant differences in SPAD value, Pn value, Tr value, Ci value, and Gs value between normal and deficiency treatments, and under deficiency treatment the Y(Ⅱ) value and Fv/Fm value decreased, while the NPQ value fluctuated. This study monitored the growth and photosynthetic physiology of banana 'Haigong' seedlings under Mg and Zn deficiency, providing a reference for precise nutrient management.
, Available online , doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.20240192
Abstract:
To investigate the grafting compatibility and healing mechanisms of Bombax ceiba, this study employed Ceiba speciosa as rootstocks and one-year-old B. ceiba branches as scions. Utilizing the cleft grafting technique, graft union tissues were collected at various post-grafting stages for histological observation via hard tissue sectioning to analyze structural changes during healing. Physiological activities of soluble sugars, soluble proteins, peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were quantitatively assessed, while endogenous hormone levels at the graft interface were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).The healing process of the graft is divided into four distinct stages: (1) isolation layer formation stage (Day 0–3); (2) callus formation stage (Day 3–10); (3) callus differentiation and connection stage (Day 10–22); and (4) cambial connection and vascular tissue differentiation stage (Day 22–40). The first 22 days post-grafting are critical for determining whether a viable graft union can form, and the first 40 days are crucial for graft survival. The activities of POD, SOD, and CAT initially increased and then decreased during the healing process, with peak activity observed during the callus differentiation and connection stage. The hormones IAA, GA, and CTK promoted cell division and vascular tissue formation. The concentrations of IAA and CTK peaked during the callus differentiation and connection stage, while GA reached its highest concentration during the cambial connection and vascular tissue differentiation stage. ABA levels showed a decreasing trend followed by an increase, with ABA inhibiting the proliferation of callus cells.
To investigate the grafting compatibility and healing mechanisms of Bombax ceiba, this study employed Ceiba speciosa as rootstocks and one-year-old B. ceiba branches as scions. Utilizing the cleft grafting technique, graft union tissues were collected at various post-grafting stages for histological observation via hard tissue sectioning to analyze structural changes during healing. Physiological activities of soluble sugars, soluble proteins, peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were quantitatively assessed, while endogenous hormone levels at the graft interface were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).The healing process of the graft is divided into four distinct stages: (1) isolation layer formation stage (Day 0–3); (2) callus formation stage (Day 3–10); (3) callus differentiation and connection stage (Day 10–22); and (4) cambial connection and vascular tissue differentiation stage (Day 22–40). The first 22 days post-grafting are critical for determining whether a viable graft union can form, and the first 40 days are crucial for graft survival. The activities of POD, SOD, and CAT initially increased and then decreased during the healing process, with peak activity observed during the callus differentiation and connection stage. The hormones IAA, GA, and CTK promoted cell division and vascular tissue formation. The concentrations of IAA and CTK peaked during the callus differentiation and connection stage, while GA reached its highest concentration during the cambial connection and vascular tissue differentiation stage. ABA levels showed a decreasing trend followed by an increase, with ABA inhibiting the proliferation of callus cells.
, Available online , doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.20240191
Abstract:
To investigate the low-nitrogen tolerance characteristics of Paspalum vaginatum, this study selected 10 Paspalum vaginatum germplasm accessions as experimental materials. A hydroponic method was applied with two nitrogen concentration treatments: full nitrogen (5.0 mmol·L−1) and 1/100 nitrogen (0.05 mmol·L−1), for a duration of 30 days. Eighteen agronomic traits, including chlorophyll content, shoot fresh weight, and turfgrass height, were measured after treatment, and variance analysis was conducted to compare and explore the low-nitrogen tolerance characteristics of the 10 germplasm accessions. A comprehensive evaluation of low-nitrogen tolerance was performed. The results showed that, compared to normal nitrogen treatment, indicators such as shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, total tillers length and tillers number significantly decreased under low nitrogen treatment, while indicators such as fresh weight ratio of root shoot, dry weight ratio of root shoot, shoot dry matter content and root dry matter content significantly increased. Through correlation analysis, principal component analysis, and membership function analysis, two low-nitrogen-tolerant Paspalum vaginatum, 17USA-03 and 17HN-39, were selected.
To investigate the low-nitrogen tolerance characteristics of Paspalum vaginatum, this study selected 10 Paspalum vaginatum germplasm accessions as experimental materials. A hydroponic method was applied with two nitrogen concentration treatments: full nitrogen (5.0 mmol·L−1) and 1/100 nitrogen (0.05 mmol·L−1), for a duration of 30 days. Eighteen agronomic traits, including chlorophyll content, shoot fresh weight, and turfgrass height, were measured after treatment, and variance analysis was conducted to compare and explore the low-nitrogen tolerance characteristics of the 10 germplasm accessions. A comprehensive evaluation of low-nitrogen tolerance was performed. The results showed that, compared to normal nitrogen treatment, indicators such as shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, total tillers length and tillers number significantly decreased under low nitrogen treatment, while indicators such as fresh weight ratio of root shoot, dry weight ratio of root shoot, shoot dry matter content and root dry matter content significantly increased. Through correlation analysis, principal component analysis, and membership function analysis, two low-nitrogen-tolerant Paspalum vaginatum, 17USA-03 and 17HN-39, were selected.
, Available online , doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.20250026
Abstract:
In order to understand the regulatory role of the BBR-BPC gene family in the growth and development of Dioscorea alata (greater yam), we analyzed the gene structure, phylogenetic evolution, conserved motifs, and physicochemical properties of the BBR-BPC gene family in greater yam. We also predicted the secondary and tertiary structures of BBR-BPC proteins and verified the interaction between the BBR-BPC gene and the DELLA gene. Through HMMsearch and BLAST analyses, we identified six members of the BBR-BPC family in the greater yam genome. These gene proteins exhibited significant differences and alternative splicing events, with a total of 10 splice variants detected. Subcellular localization analysis revealed that all members of the BBR-BPC family in greater yam are located in the nucleus.The yeast two-hybrid interaction results between Da4BBR-BPC2 and DaDELLA2 indicate that there is an interaction between Da4BBR-BPC2 and DaDELLA2, occurring at the N-terminus of the DaDELLA2 gene.
In order to understand the regulatory role of the BBR-BPC gene family in the growth and development of Dioscorea alata (greater yam), we analyzed the gene structure, phylogenetic evolution, conserved motifs, and physicochemical properties of the BBR-BPC gene family in greater yam. We also predicted the secondary and tertiary structures of BBR-BPC proteins and verified the interaction between the BBR-BPC gene and the DELLA gene. Through HMMsearch and BLAST analyses, we identified six members of the BBR-BPC family in the greater yam genome. These gene proteins exhibited significant differences and alternative splicing events, with a total of 10 splice variants detected. Subcellular localization analysis revealed that all members of the BBR-BPC family in greater yam are located in the nucleus.The yeast two-hybrid interaction results between Da4BBR-BPC2 and DaDELLA2 indicate that there is an interaction between Da4BBR-BPC2 and DaDELLA2, occurring at the N-terminus of the DaDELLA2 gene.
, Available online , doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.20250015
Abstract:
In order to assess the role of the bZIP transcription factor in the biosynthesis of natural rubber in Hevea brasiliensis, HbbZIP74 gene was successfully cloned based on previous work in our laboratory. Bioinformatics analysis and expression pattern analysis were performed. The pET28-HbbZIP74 expression vector was constructed, and the recombinant protein was expressed in the strain E. coli BL21 (DE3) and then purified. The results showed that the open reading frame (ORF) of the gene HbbZIP74 is 486 bp, encoding 161 amino acids, with a bZIP domain, classifying it as a bZIP transcription factor S subgroup. The expression level of HbbZIP74 is higher in latex and leaves, and its expression can be induced by jasmonic acid, abscisic acid, ethylene, and salicylic acid in latex. The optimal condition for the heterologous expression of the HbbZIP74-His recombinant protein was induced at 1 mmol·L−1 IPTG and 37 ℃ for 3 h. The recombinant protein was mainly accumulated in inclusion bodies. The recombinant protein, approximately 22 kDa in size, was purified using Ni-NTA affinity chromatography, which was consistent with expectations. This study lays the foundation for further exploration of the role of HbbZIP74 in the biosynthesis of natural rubber.
In order to assess the role of the bZIP transcription factor in the biosynthesis of natural rubber in Hevea brasiliensis, HbbZIP74 gene was successfully cloned based on previous work in our laboratory. Bioinformatics analysis and expression pattern analysis were performed. The pET28-HbbZIP74 expression vector was constructed, and the recombinant protein was expressed in the strain E. coli BL21 (DE3) and then purified. The results showed that the open reading frame (ORF) of the gene HbbZIP74 is 486 bp, encoding 161 amino acids, with a bZIP domain, classifying it as a bZIP transcription factor S subgroup. The expression level of HbbZIP74 is higher in latex and leaves, and its expression can be induced by jasmonic acid, abscisic acid, ethylene, and salicylic acid in latex. The optimal condition for the heterologous expression of the HbbZIP74-His recombinant protein was induced at 1 mmol·L−1 IPTG and 37 ℃ for 3 h. The recombinant protein was mainly accumulated in inclusion bodies. The recombinant protein, approximately 22 kDa in size, was purified using Ni-NTA affinity chromatography, which was consistent with expectations. This study lays the foundation for further exploration of the role of HbbZIP74 in the biosynthesis of natural rubber.
, Available online , doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.20240185
Abstract:
To clarify the effects of aluminum stress on latex yield, physiological parameters and tapping panel dryness (TPD) of mature rubber trees (Hevea brasiliensis), rubber trees of clone Reyan7-33-97 tapped for eight-years were treated with AlCl3 solution at different concentrations. Two control solutions with different pH values (T0 was treated with ultrapure water of pH7.0 and T1 was treated with ultrapure water solution of pH adjusted to 4.2 by hydrochloric acid) and four concentrations (i.e. 50, 100, 200 and 400 mmol·L−1) of AlCl3 solutions with pH4.2 were applied just above the tapping cut. The rubber trees were tapped regularly and the latex volume, dry rubber yield, latex physiological parameters, TPD incidence and grade were observed in the early, middle and late stage of the treatment. The results showed that the harvested latex volume and dry rubber yield increased in the early stage of aluminum treatment, decreased to the same level as the control in the middle stage, and was lower than the control in the late stage, while the total latex volume and dry rubber yield of the 10 tappings after Al treatment were not significantly different from those of the control. Aluminum treatment increased dry rubber content, lutoid bursting index of the early latex and thiols content of late latex, indicating that aluminum treatment led to the decrease of latex flow capacity. Meanwhile aluminum treatment decreased latex sucrose content, and Mg2+ content of latex at the middle and late stages, and increased the inorganic phosphor content of latex at the late stage, which indicates that aluminum treatment also led to the decrease of rubber regeneration ability. High concentration aluminum treatment increased the incidence and grade of TPD. In summary, aluminum solution with a high concentration of 50 mmol·L−1 can increase latex yield in the short term and maintain the stability of dry latex production in a certain period of time, but it leads to the decline of the latex flow and regeneration capacity, inducing the occurrence of TPD. High concentration of Al is not conducive to maintaining the long-term latex production stability.
To clarify the effects of aluminum stress on latex yield, physiological parameters and tapping panel dryness (TPD) of mature rubber trees (Hevea brasiliensis), rubber trees of clone Reyan7-33-97 tapped for eight-years were treated with AlCl3 solution at different concentrations. Two control solutions with different pH values (T0 was treated with ultrapure water of pH7.0 and T1 was treated with ultrapure water solution of pH adjusted to 4.2 by hydrochloric acid) and four concentrations (i.e. 50, 100, 200 and 400 mmol·L−1) of AlCl3 solutions with pH4.2 were applied just above the tapping cut. The rubber trees were tapped regularly and the latex volume, dry rubber yield, latex physiological parameters, TPD incidence and grade were observed in the early, middle and late stage of the treatment. The results showed that the harvested latex volume and dry rubber yield increased in the early stage of aluminum treatment, decreased to the same level as the control in the middle stage, and was lower than the control in the late stage, while the total latex volume and dry rubber yield of the 10 tappings after Al treatment were not significantly different from those of the control. Aluminum treatment increased dry rubber content, lutoid bursting index of the early latex and thiols content of late latex, indicating that aluminum treatment led to the decrease of latex flow capacity. Meanwhile aluminum treatment decreased latex sucrose content, and Mg2+ content of latex at the middle and late stages, and increased the inorganic phosphor content of latex at the late stage, which indicates that aluminum treatment also led to the decrease of rubber regeneration ability. High concentration aluminum treatment increased the incidence and grade of TPD. In summary, aluminum solution with a high concentration of 50 mmol·L−1 can increase latex yield in the short term and maintain the stability of dry latex production in a certain period of time, but it leads to the decline of the latex flow and regeneration capacity, inducing the occurrence of TPD. High concentration of Al is not conducive to maintaining the long-term latex production stability.
, Available online , doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.20240195
Abstract:
Wetland plants are important components of wetland ecosystems, which not only can maintain ecological balance, but also can promote the ecological functions of wetlands. In this study, we investigated and analyzed the vascular Plant Resources in five types of wetlands, including rivers, artificial, lakes, offshore and coastal, in Dongfang City as the study area. The results of the study showed that (1) the Plant Resources of wetlands in Dongfang City are relatively rich, with 114 families, 426 genera and 626 species of vascular plants recorded, including 15 ferns, 1 gymnosperm and 610 angiosperms. (2) The flora and geographic distribution of wetlands in Dongfang City can be divided into 12 types and 12 variants. (3) The vegetation types can be categorized into 6 wetland vegetation type groups, 7 vegetation types and 11 clusters, including rainforests, evergreen broad-leaved scrubs, scrub-herbaceous scrubs, aquatic vegetation, fleshy prickly scrubs and mangroves. The vegetation types are mainly tropical. (4) The invasive plants had more Class Ⅰ (malicious invasion) and Class Ⅱ (serious invasion) plants, which posed a threat to the diversity of regional wetland ecosystems. The results of this study initially clarified the status of wetland Plant Resources in Dongfang City, enriched the Plant Resources information of wetlands in the tropical coastal semi-arid zone, and provided scientific basis and basic data for the protection, ecological restoration and rational utilization of wetland vascular plant resources.
Wetland plants are important components of wetland ecosystems, which not only can maintain ecological balance, but also can promote the ecological functions of wetlands. In this study, we investigated and analyzed the vascular Plant Resources in five types of wetlands, including rivers, artificial, lakes, offshore and coastal, in Dongfang City as the study area. The results of the study showed that (1) the Plant Resources of wetlands in Dongfang City are relatively rich, with 114 families, 426 genera and 626 species of vascular plants recorded, including 15 ferns, 1 gymnosperm and 610 angiosperms. (2) The flora and geographic distribution of wetlands in Dongfang City can be divided into 12 types and 12 variants. (3) The vegetation types can be categorized into 6 wetland vegetation type groups, 7 vegetation types and 11 clusters, including rainforests, evergreen broad-leaved scrubs, scrub-herbaceous scrubs, aquatic vegetation, fleshy prickly scrubs and mangroves. The vegetation types are mainly tropical. (4) The invasive plants had more Class Ⅰ (malicious invasion) and Class Ⅱ (serious invasion) plants, which posed a threat to the diversity of regional wetland ecosystems. The results of this study initially clarified the status of wetland Plant Resources in Dongfang City, enriched the Plant Resources information of wetlands in the tropical coastal semi-arid zone, and provided scientific basis and basic data for the protection, ecological restoration and rational utilization of wetland vascular plant resources.
, Available online , doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.20240178
Abstract:
In order to explore the suitable period for safe production of rice seeds in spring in Hainan Island under the influence of climate change, daily meteorological data on two-line hybrid rice seed production from 18 cities/counties in Hainan Island from February 1961 to August 2020 were used to analyze the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of major meteorological disasters during the key development period for two-line hybrid rice seed production. The results indicate that the south area is the preferred area for two-line hybrid rice seed production in spring in Hainan Island, and that rice varieties with lower threshold temperatures during the sensitive period of fertility should be selected; For the safe time of two-line hybrid seed production in spring in the south area, the sensitive period for fertility should be arranged in early May, the flowering and pollination period should be arranged in May, and the mature harvesting period should be before mid-June.
In order to explore the suitable period for safe production of rice seeds in spring in Hainan Island under the influence of climate change, daily meteorological data on two-line hybrid rice seed production from 18 cities/counties in Hainan Island from February 1961 to August 2020 were used to analyze the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of major meteorological disasters during the key development period for two-line hybrid rice seed production. The results indicate that the south area is the preferred area for two-line hybrid rice seed production in spring in Hainan Island, and that rice varieties with lower threshold temperatures during the sensitive period of fertility should be selected; For the safe time of two-line hybrid seed production in spring in the south area, the sensitive period for fertility should be arranged in early May, the flowering and pollination period should be arranged in May, and the mature harvesting period should be before mid-June.
, Available online , doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.20240201
Abstract:
In order to screen for stable expression of cassava reference genes in cassava leaves infected with Xanthomonas phaseoli pv. manihotis(Xpm), we used Xpm resistant variety ‘G1301’ and susceptible variety ‘SC9’cassava leaves as research materials. Samples were collected from cassava leaves of ‘G1301’ and ‘SC9’ at 0 h, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 72 h, and 120 h after Xpm infection, and the stability of the commonly used reference genes Nascent, EF1a, ACT, GTPb, and TUB was determined. The results showed that there were differences in the expression levels of five reference genes after Xpm infection in the leaves of ‘G1301’ and ‘SC9’. Delta CT, GeNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper and RefFinder software were used to rank the stability of these candidate reference genes. We found that the most stable reference gene expressed in Xpm-infected leaves is EF1α. This study identified the stable internal reference genes expressed during Xpm infection in cassava leaves, laying the foundation for studying gene expression in response to Xpm infection and exploring disease resistance genes.
In order to screen for stable expression of cassava reference genes in cassava leaves infected with Xanthomonas phaseoli pv. manihotis(Xpm), we used Xpm resistant variety ‘G1301’ and susceptible variety ‘SC9’cassava leaves as research materials. Samples were collected from cassava leaves of ‘G1301’ and ‘SC9’ at 0 h, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 72 h, and 120 h after Xpm infection, and the stability of the commonly used reference genes Nascent, EF1a, ACT, GTPb, and TUB was determined. The results showed that there were differences in the expression levels of five reference genes after Xpm infection in the leaves of ‘G1301’ and ‘SC9’. Delta CT, GeNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper and RefFinder software were used to rank the stability of these candidate reference genes. We found that the most stable reference gene expressed in Xpm-infected leaves is EF1α. This study identified the stable internal reference genes expressed during Xpm infection in cassava leaves, laying the foundation for studying gene expression in response to Xpm infection and exploring disease resistance genes.
, Available online , doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.20250022
Abstract:
Lesion mimic mutants (LMM) are important in plant immunity and growth and development studies. The aim of this study was to perform a preliminary localization of a rice lesion mimic gene by BSA-seq (Bulked Segregant Analysis sequencing) technique. First, we screened a mutant, LMM43, from the population of indica rice cultivar Huang Huazhan (HHZ) mutagenized by EMS for the appearance of lesion-like symptoms, and phenotyped the F2 segregant population obtained by crossing LMM43 with the wild-type parent to determine the mode of inheritance of the lesion-like trait. High-throughput sequencing was performed on mixed samples of DNA from individuals with disease-like spot phenotypes and normal individuals using BSA-seq technology. Through the association analysis of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) and Insertion and Deletion (InDel) differences combined with phenotypic analysis, the target genes were preliminarily localized in a segment of rice chromosome 10, which is about 1.37 Mb in length and contains 199 genes. The length of this interval is about 1.37 Mb, which contains 199 genes, and five candidate genes were finally identified. The preliminary localization results laid the foundation for further gene cloning and functional verification, and helped to deeply understand the molecular mechanism of rice-like spot mutants, which is of great theoretical and applied value for the study of rice disease resistance breeding and plant immunity mechanism.
Lesion mimic mutants (LMM) are important in plant immunity and growth and development studies. The aim of this study was to perform a preliminary localization of a rice lesion mimic gene by BSA-seq (Bulked Segregant Analysis sequencing) technique. First, we screened a mutant, LMM43, from the population of indica rice cultivar Huang Huazhan (HHZ) mutagenized by EMS for the appearance of lesion-like symptoms, and phenotyped the F2 segregant population obtained by crossing LMM43 with the wild-type parent to determine the mode of inheritance of the lesion-like trait. High-throughput sequencing was performed on mixed samples of DNA from individuals with disease-like spot phenotypes and normal individuals using BSA-seq technology. Through the association analysis of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) and Insertion and Deletion (InDel) differences combined with phenotypic analysis, the target genes were preliminarily localized in a segment of rice chromosome 10, which is about 1.37 Mb in length and contains 199 genes. The length of this interval is about 1.37 Mb, which contains 199 genes, and five candidate genes were finally identified. The preliminary localization results laid the foundation for further gene cloning and functional verification, and helped to deeply understand the molecular mechanism of rice-like spot mutants, which is of great theoretical and applied value for the study of rice disease resistance breeding and plant immunity mechanism.
, Available online , doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.20240121
Abstract:
Natural rubber has a vital position, and its safe supply is of great significance to the security of the national economy and even the security of the country. In recent years, the rapid expansion of rubber plantation area and potential ecological problems have attracted more attention. The assessment of the ecosystem service of rubber plantations in Hainan Island is conducive to determine the ecological value of rubber plantations, examine the important position of natural rubber industry from the perspective of ecological economics, and promote the sustainable development of natural rubber industry. In this context, the recognition algorithm of rubber plantations of different ages in Hainan Island was used to calculate the planting area of rubber plantations of different ages in Hainan Island, and the ecological service function value of the rubber plantations in different areas at different ages in Hainan Island was evaluated by substitute cost method and shadow engineering method. The results showed that the total value of ecosystem services in the rubber plantations in Hainan Island was 35.304 billion yuan, and the value of ecosystem services per unit area was 67 478.91 yuan/ha. The value of carbon sequestration and oxygen release was 23.571 billion yuan, the value of water purification and regulation was 3.390 billion yuan, the value of soil fixation and fertilizer conservation was 0.573 billion yuan, the value of air purification was 3.458 billion yuan, the value of farmland protection was 0.400 billion yuan, the value of forest tree nutrient accumulation was 1.543 billion yuan, and the value of biodiversity conservation was 0.314 billion yuan. Among them, the ecosystem service value of rubber plantatons at the ages of 16−20 years in Hainan Island was the highest. The spatial distribution pattern of ecosystem service value of the rubber plantations in Hainan Island is basically in the order of northwest >middle > southwest > southeast > northeast. The results show that rubber plantations have a strong ecosystem service function, which can not only bring economic and social benefits to human beings, but also produce greater ecological benefits.
Natural rubber has a vital position, and its safe supply is of great significance to the security of the national economy and even the security of the country. In recent years, the rapid expansion of rubber plantation area and potential ecological problems have attracted more attention. The assessment of the ecosystem service of rubber plantations in Hainan Island is conducive to determine the ecological value of rubber plantations, examine the important position of natural rubber industry from the perspective of ecological economics, and promote the sustainable development of natural rubber industry. In this context, the recognition algorithm of rubber plantations of different ages in Hainan Island was used to calculate the planting area of rubber plantations of different ages in Hainan Island, and the ecological service function value of the rubber plantations in different areas at different ages in Hainan Island was evaluated by substitute cost method and shadow engineering method. The results showed that the total value of ecosystem services in the rubber plantations in Hainan Island was 35.304 billion yuan, and the value of ecosystem services per unit area was 67 478.91 yuan/ha. The value of carbon sequestration and oxygen release was 23.571 billion yuan, the value of water purification and regulation was 3.390 billion yuan, the value of soil fixation and fertilizer conservation was 0.573 billion yuan, the value of air purification was 3.458 billion yuan, the value of farmland protection was 0.400 billion yuan, the value of forest tree nutrient accumulation was 1.543 billion yuan, and the value of biodiversity conservation was 0.314 billion yuan. Among them, the ecosystem service value of rubber plantatons at the ages of 16−20 years in Hainan Island was the highest. The spatial distribution pattern of ecosystem service value of the rubber plantations in Hainan Island is basically in the order of northwest >middle > southwest > southeast > northeast. The results show that rubber plantations have a strong ecosystem service function, which can not only bring economic and social benefits to human beings, but also produce greater ecological benefits.
, Available online , doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.20250007
Abstract:
To further explore the key genes regulating drought resistance in soybean, the peroxidase gene GmPOD123, which is significantly induced under drought stress, was screened based on previous transcriptomic analyses (RNA-Seq) of soybean leaves under drought stress. An expression analysis of the soybean GmPOD123 gene under drought stress was performed to identify whether GmPOD123 is involved in response to drought stress, and the results showed that GmPOD123 was significantly up-regulated after 3 h stress treatment. Moreover, phenotype identification of transgenic Arabidopsis plants of overexpressing GmPOD123 showed that overexpression of GmPOD123 in Arabidopsis could increase the drought tolerance, which was compared to wild type Arabidopsis. To further explore the drought-resistant molecular mechanism of GmPOD123, fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase (GmFBA2), an interacting protein of GmPOD123, was screened from the soybean cDNA yeast library by Mating, and its interaction with GmPOD123 was identified by yeast two-hybrid system and luciferase complementation assay (LCA). In summary, GmFBA2 may influence ROS levels by interacting with GmPOD123, thereby regulating soybean drought resistance.
To further explore the key genes regulating drought resistance in soybean, the peroxidase gene GmPOD123, which is significantly induced under drought stress, was screened based on previous transcriptomic analyses (RNA-Seq) of soybean leaves under drought stress. An expression analysis of the soybean GmPOD123 gene under drought stress was performed to identify whether GmPOD123 is involved in response to drought stress, and the results showed that GmPOD123 was significantly up-regulated after 3 h stress treatment. Moreover, phenotype identification of transgenic Arabidopsis plants of overexpressing GmPOD123 showed that overexpression of GmPOD123 in Arabidopsis could increase the drought tolerance, which was compared to wild type Arabidopsis. To further explore the drought-resistant molecular mechanism of GmPOD123, fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase (GmFBA2), an interacting protein of GmPOD123, was screened from the soybean cDNA yeast library by Mating, and its interaction with GmPOD123 was identified by yeast two-hybrid system and luciferase complementation assay (LCA). In summary, GmFBA2 may influence ROS levels by interacting with GmPOD123, thereby regulating soybean drought resistance.
, Available online , doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.20240161
Abstract:
Torulaspora delbrueckii is one of non-Saccharomyces yeasts mostly used for research, and is widely used for brewing of various fruit wines. It is co-fermented with Saccharomyces cerevisiae for improving fruit wine flavors. In this experiment, a wild-type yeast strain was selected from the peel of cantaloupe in Fulo Town, Ledong County, Hainan Province. Through phenotypic observation of the strain and constructing a phylogenetic tree based on 18S rDNA sequencing, the strain was identified as T. delbrueckii. Under the fermentation condition of fruit wine, T. delbrueckii grew normally in the range of alcohol content 4−20%, pH value 2.8−3.6 and sulfur dioxide concentration 100−500 mg·L−1, and the growth rate was the highest under the condition of alcohol content 4%, pH value 3.6 and sulfur dioxide concentration 300 mg·L−1. The results show that T. delbrueckii did not produce hydrogen sulfide, had no killing effect on S. cerevisiae, and improved the flavor of cantaloupe fruit wine, which can be used in the production of cantaloupe fruit wine.
Torulaspora delbrueckii is one of non-Saccharomyces yeasts mostly used for research, and is widely used for brewing of various fruit wines. It is co-fermented with Saccharomyces cerevisiae for improving fruit wine flavors. In this experiment, a wild-type yeast strain was selected from the peel of cantaloupe in Fulo Town, Ledong County, Hainan Province. Through phenotypic observation of the strain and constructing a phylogenetic tree based on 18S rDNA sequencing, the strain was identified as T. delbrueckii. Under the fermentation condition of fruit wine, T. delbrueckii grew normally in the range of alcohol content 4−20%, pH value 2.8−3.6 and sulfur dioxide concentration 100−500 mg·L−1, and the growth rate was the highest under the condition of alcohol content 4%, pH value 3.6 and sulfur dioxide concentration 300 mg·L−1. The results show that T. delbrueckii did not produce hydrogen sulfide, had no killing effect on S. cerevisiae, and improved the flavor of cantaloupe fruit wine, which can be used in the production of cantaloupe fruit wine.
, Available online , doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.20240173
Abstract:
An attempt was made to make full use of the advantages of plant extracts and chemical pesticides to reduce the dosage of chemical pesticides. Syzygium infrarubiginosum was extracted with methanol, and mixed with four chemical fungicides, including ethirimol, pyraclostrobin, thifluzamide and difenoconazole to screen the synergistic ratio of their mixtures against Rhizoctonia solani, the pathogen of rice sheath blight by indoor activity determination of mycelial growth rate of R. solani. The control effects of the synergistic mixtures on rice sheath blight and cowpea powdery mildew were determined by indoor pot experiment. The indoor activity determination showed that the mixtures at 11 ratios were found to have significant synergistic effects in the indoor activity determination of rice sheath blight, including the mixture of 5% (w/w) methanol extract microemulsion with 5% (w/w) pyraclostrobin suspension at the ratios of 4:1 and 5:1 ratio (the synergistic coefficient was 2.349 and 2.987, respectively), with 5% thifluzamide suspension at the respective ratios of 1:3, 1:4 and 1:5 (the synergistic coefficient values were 2.714, 2.455 and 2.167, respectively). The pot experiment showed that the mixtures screened could effectively control the occurrence of rice sheath blight and cowpea powdery mildew.
An attempt was made to make full use of the advantages of plant extracts and chemical pesticides to reduce the dosage of chemical pesticides. Syzygium infrarubiginosum was extracted with methanol, and mixed with four chemical fungicides, including ethirimol, pyraclostrobin, thifluzamide and difenoconazole to screen the synergistic ratio of their mixtures against Rhizoctonia solani, the pathogen of rice sheath blight by indoor activity determination of mycelial growth rate of R. solani. The control effects of the synergistic mixtures on rice sheath blight and cowpea powdery mildew were determined by indoor pot experiment. The indoor activity determination showed that the mixtures at 11 ratios were found to have significant synergistic effects in the indoor activity determination of rice sheath blight, including the mixture of 5% (w/w) methanol extract microemulsion with 5% (w/w) pyraclostrobin suspension at the ratios of 4:1 and 5:1 ratio (the synergistic coefficient was 2.349 and 2.987, respectively), with 5% thifluzamide suspension at the respective ratios of 1:3, 1:4 and 1:5 (the synergistic coefficient values were 2.714, 2.455 and 2.167, respectively). The pot experiment showed that the mixtures screened could effectively control the occurrence of rice sheath blight and cowpea powdery mildew.
, Available online , doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.20240176
Abstract:
An attempt was made to investigate the expression of lactate dehydrogenase (ptLDHA), a key enzyme in lactate metabolism, and to explore the acetylation modification sites on ptLDHA and their potential role in the interplay between lactylation and acetylation modifications in Phaeodactylum tricornutum Bohlin. The ptLDHA gene sequence was first cloned from P. tricornutum Bohlin cDNA, and then a prokaryotic expression vector, pMBP-C-LDHA, was constructed. The recombinant plasmid was then transferred into Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) for induced expression. Under optimized conditions (16℃, 0.2 mmol·L−1 IPTG for 24 hours), ptLDHA protein was successfully expressed, predominantly in a soluble form. The fusion protein was purified using His-tag affinity chromatography and identified by Western blot with ptLDHA polyclonal antibodies. A single protein band at approximately 78 kDa was observed, confirming that the purified protein was ptLDHA. The expression and purification of ptLDHA in prokaryotic cells was successfully established, laying foundations for subsequent site-directed mutagenesis of acetylation modification sites and for investigation of the effects of modification and demodification on enzyme activity.
An attempt was made to investigate the expression of lactate dehydrogenase (ptLDHA), a key enzyme in lactate metabolism, and to explore the acetylation modification sites on ptLDHA and their potential role in the interplay between lactylation and acetylation modifications in Phaeodactylum tricornutum Bohlin. The ptLDHA gene sequence was first cloned from P. tricornutum Bohlin cDNA, and then a prokaryotic expression vector, pMBP-C-LDHA, was constructed. The recombinant plasmid was then transferred into Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) for induced expression. Under optimized conditions (16℃, 0.2 mmol·L−1 IPTG for 24 hours), ptLDHA protein was successfully expressed, predominantly in a soluble form. The fusion protein was purified using His-tag affinity chromatography and identified by Western blot with ptLDHA polyclonal antibodies. A single protein band at approximately 78 kDa was observed, confirming that the purified protein was ptLDHA. The expression and purification of ptLDHA in prokaryotic cells was successfully established, laying foundations for subsequent site-directed mutagenesis of acetylation modification sites and for investigation of the effects of modification and demodification on enzyme activity.
, Available online , doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.20240138
Abstract:
In order to fully understand the reasonable nutrients of Yunnan rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) forest, soil ecological restoration of rubber forest provides data support. Using the soil of Yunnan (Jinghong, Hekou, Ruili), the typical samples of 20 m 20 m in different rubber forests, the soil samples were stratified (0−20, 20−40, 40−60, 60−80, 80−100 cm), and the spatial distribution characteristics of the soil of the rubber forest soil with the forest age and the dynamic changes were analyzed. The result show that the soil TC, TN, and TP contents in the rubber plantations generally increased and then decreased with the plantation age and soil depth. Significant differences were observed in the soil TC, TN, and TP contents among different ages of rubber plantations in Ruili and Jinghong, while the differences in Hekou were not significant. In Jinghong, the soil C∶N ratio increased and then decreased with soil depth, reaching its highest value at (40−60 cm). The soil C∶P ratio decreased with increasing soil depth, peaking at the surface layer (0−20 cm). The N∶P ratio initially decreased and then increased with soil depth. The C∶P and N∶P ratios showed a trend of decreasing and then increasing, with the highest values at 40−60 cm. In Ruili, the C∶N and C∶P ratios decreased and then increased with soil depth, also peaking at 40−60 cm, while the N∶P ratio continuously decreased. In Hekou, the C∶P ratio decreased and then increased with soil depth, while both C∶P and N∶P ratios showed a general decreasing trend. The contents of soil nutrients (C, N, P) and their ecological stoichiometric ratios in rubber plantations generally increased and then decreased with plantation age. Significant differences were found in the soil C, N, P contents and their stoichiometric ratios among different ages and soil layers in the rubber plantations (P<0.05), with highly significant differences observed between areas (P<0.01). It is suggested that during the rapid growth stage of rubber plantations, appropriate application of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers should be considered, as the soil N and P affect the growth of mature rubber plantations.
In order to fully understand the reasonable nutrients of Yunnan rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) forest, soil ecological restoration of rubber forest provides data support. Using the soil of Yunnan (Jinghong, Hekou, Ruili), the typical samples of 20 m 20 m in different rubber forests, the soil samples were stratified (0−20, 20−40, 40−60, 60−80, 80−100 cm), and the spatial distribution characteristics of the soil of the rubber forest soil with the forest age and the dynamic changes were analyzed. The result show that the soil TC, TN, and TP contents in the rubber plantations generally increased and then decreased with the plantation age and soil depth. Significant differences were observed in the soil TC, TN, and TP contents among different ages of rubber plantations in Ruili and Jinghong, while the differences in Hekou were not significant. In Jinghong, the soil C∶N ratio increased and then decreased with soil depth, reaching its highest value at (40−60 cm). The soil C∶P ratio decreased with increasing soil depth, peaking at the surface layer (0−20 cm). The N∶P ratio initially decreased and then increased with soil depth. The C∶P and N∶P ratios showed a trend of decreasing and then increasing, with the highest values at 40−60 cm. In Ruili, the C∶N and C∶P ratios decreased and then increased with soil depth, also peaking at 40−60 cm, while the N∶P ratio continuously decreased. In Hekou, the C∶P ratio decreased and then increased with soil depth, while both C∶P and N∶P ratios showed a general decreasing trend. The contents of soil nutrients (C, N, P) and their ecological stoichiometric ratios in rubber plantations generally increased and then decreased with plantation age. Significant differences were found in the soil C, N, P contents and their stoichiometric ratios among different ages and soil layers in the rubber plantations (P<0.05), with highly significant differences observed between areas (P<0.01). It is suggested that during the rapid growth stage of rubber plantations, appropriate application of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers should be considered, as the soil N and P affect the growth of mature rubber plantations.
, Available online , doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.20240199
Abstract:
To explore the role of jasmonate-induced oxygenases JOX family genes in the growth, development, and stress resistance of cassava (Manihot esculenta), MeJOXs family members were identified in cassava genome by bioinformatics methods, and their gene structure, promoter cis-acting elements, evolutionary relationships and expression patterns were analyzed. The results showed that there were four MeJOXs family genes in cassava genome, and each member had similar gene structure, conserved motifs, and protein domains. Each gene member exhibited at least 68% protein homology, with the highest similarity observed between MeJOX1 and MeJOX4, as well as between MeJOX2 and MeJOX3. Promoter cis-acting elements analysis showed that MeJOXs contained numerous light-responsive elements. Furthermore, each gene member possessed a varying number of hormone-responsive elements. Phylogenetic analysis showed that MeJOXs were more closely related to JOX genes in dicotyledonous plants. Transcriptome analysis revealed that all the genes were differentially expressed in stems, leaves, midveins, and fibrous roots, with the exception of MeJOX2 that was scarcely expressed in various cassava tissues. MeJOXs were induced by MeJA in different cassava germplasm, with MeJOX3 demonstrating the most significant expression by inducing. Upon infection by pathogen Xpm, MeJOX1/3/4 responded promptly, but their response patterns were distinctly different. MeJOX1/3 were upregulated, whereas MeJOX4 exhibited a trend of downregulation, and MeJOX2 exhibited negligible response. This study provides a theoretical foundation for further elucidating the functions of the MeJOXs gene family in cassava.
To explore the role of jasmonate-induced oxygenases JOX family genes in the growth, development, and stress resistance of cassava (Manihot esculenta), MeJOXs family members were identified in cassava genome by bioinformatics methods, and their gene structure, promoter cis-acting elements, evolutionary relationships and expression patterns were analyzed. The results showed that there were four MeJOXs family genes in cassava genome, and each member had similar gene structure, conserved motifs, and protein domains. Each gene member exhibited at least 68% protein homology, with the highest similarity observed between MeJOX1 and MeJOX4, as well as between MeJOX2 and MeJOX3. Promoter cis-acting elements analysis showed that MeJOXs contained numerous light-responsive elements. Furthermore, each gene member possessed a varying number of hormone-responsive elements. Phylogenetic analysis showed that MeJOXs were more closely related to JOX genes in dicotyledonous plants. Transcriptome analysis revealed that all the genes were differentially expressed in stems, leaves, midveins, and fibrous roots, with the exception of MeJOX2 that was scarcely expressed in various cassava tissues. MeJOXs were induced by MeJA in different cassava germplasm, with MeJOX3 demonstrating the most significant expression by inducing. Upon infection by pathogen Xpm, MeJOX1/3/4 responded promptly, but their response patterns were distinctly different. MeJOX1/3 were upregulated, whereas MeJOX4 exhibited a trend of downregulation, and MeJOX2 exhibited negligible response. This study provides a theoretical foundation for further elucidating the functions of the MeJOXs gene family in cassava.
, Available online , doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.20240177
Abstract:
In order to understand the anti-actinomycetes with biocontrol value isolated and screened from the soil in Hainan Island, actinomycetes were isolated from six soil samples from different regions of Hainan by using a gradient dilution method, and the actinomycete strains were screened by using the confrontation culture method and identified based on their morphology, physiological and biochemical characteristics and molecular biology methods. The potential application value of the active strains was determined by fruit soaking method and pot experiment. A total of 285 actinomycete strains were isolated from the soil samples, and the strain Q2-02 had the highest antibacterial activity. Its inhibition rates of Botryodiplodia theobromae, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Rhizoctonia solani were 92.8%, 90.0% and 88.2%, respectively, and the inhibition rates of the other six pathogens were also more than 60.0%. The identification of this strain showed that the strain Q2-02 was Streptomyces lunalinharesii. The pot experiments showed that the control effect of the 10-fold dilution of the fermented supernatant of the strain on mango stemend rot and rice sheath blight was significantly higher than that of the positive control 45% thiophandazim suspension diluted 800 times and 10% validacin aqueous solution diluted1000 times, indicating that the strain Q2-02 has the value of further development and application.
In order to understand the anti-actinomycetes with biocontrol value isolated and screened from the soil in Hainan Island, actinomycetes were isolated from six soil samples from different regions of Hainan by using a gradient dilution method, and the actinomycete strains were screened by using the confrontation culture method and identified based on their morphology, physiological and biochemical characteristics and molecular biology methods. The potential application value of the active strains was determined by fruit soaking method and pot experiment. A total of 285 actinomycete strains were isolated from the soil samples, and the strain Q2-02 had the highest antibacterial activity. Its inhibition rates of Botryodiplodia theobromae, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Rhizoctonia solani were 92.8%, 90.0% and 88.2%, respectively, and the inhibition rates of the other six pathogens were also more than 60.0%. The identification of this strain showed that the strain Q2-02 was Streptomyces lunalinharesii. The pot experiments showed that the control effect of the 10-fold dilution of the fermented supernatant of the strain on mango stemend rot and rice sheath blight was significantly higher than that of the positive control 45% thiophandazim suspension diluted 800 times and 10% validacin aqueous solution diluted
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