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SU Xin, QI Tianyun, ZHANG Lina, HAO Jiewei. A new record genus of Pilotrichaceae plants in Hainan, China[J]. Journal of Tropical Biology. doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.20240203
Citation: SU Xin, QI Tianyun, ZHANG Lina, HAO Jiewei. A new record genus of Pilotrichaceae plants in Hainan, China[J]. Journal of Tropical Biology. doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.20240203

A new record genus of Pilotrichaceae plants in Hainan, China

doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.20240203
  • Received Date: 2024-12-31
  • Accepted Date: 2025-03-21
  • Rev Recd Date: 2025-02-27
  • In order to understand the distribution of moss resources and species diversity in Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park, moss plant specimen collections were conducted several times on the main peak of Limu Mountain from 2022 to 2023, and the specimens collected were identified morphologically in combination of literature review. A new record genus of Pilotrichaceae plants for Hainan was confirmed: Actinodontium, along with the species Actinodontium rhaphidostegum (Müll. Hal.) Bosch & Sande Lac. The morphological characteristics of the newly recorded genus and species were described, and illustrated with characteristic plates. The habitat and geographical distribution of the genus and species was also introduced. This new record enriches the diversity of bryophytes in Hainan Island.
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    沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院 沈阳 110142

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A new record genus of Pilotrichaceae plants in Hainan, China

doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.20240203

Abstract: In order to understand the distribution of moss resources and species diversity in Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park, moss plant specimen collections were conducted several times on the main peak of Limu Mountain from 2022 to 2023, and the specimens collected were identified morphologically in combination of literature review. A new record genus of Pilotrichaceae plants for Hainan was confirmed: Actinodontium, along with the species Actinodontium rhaphidostegum (Müll. Hal.) Bosch & Sande Lac. The morphological characteristics of the newly recorded genus and species were described, and illustrated with characteristic plates. The habitat and geographical distribution of the genus and species was also introduced. This new record enriches the diversity of bryophytes in Hainan Island.

SU Xin, QI Tianyun, ZHANG Lina, HAO Jiewei. A new record genus of Pilotrichaceae plants in Hainan, China[J]. Journal of Tropical Biology. doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.20240203
Citation: SU Xin, QI Tianyun, ZHANG Lina, HAO Jiewei. A new record genus of Pilotrichaceae plants in Hainan, China[J]. Journal of Tropical Biology. doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.20240203
  • 海南热带雨林是中国分布最集中、类型最多样、保存最完好、连片面积最大的大陆性岛屿型热带雨林[1],林下复杂多变的群落垂直结构与多样化的基质类型为苔藓植物多样性提供了丰富的生存和庇护场所[2]。研究表明,黎母山所处的琼中是贡献海南省域苔藓植物新记录种最高数量的地区[3],这一现状预示了新记录种与新物种在该区域持续被发现的潜在可能性。为此,笔者及团队成员于2022—2023年多次沿黎母山主峰方向进行苔藓植物标本采集。经文献查阅与标本鉴定,并通过全球生物多样性信息网络(Global Biodiversity Information Facility, https://www.gbif.org/)和Tropicos(https://tropicos.org/)等网站系统比对了标本照,确认发现海南省茸帽藓科一新记录属假黄藓属(Actinodontium)及该属下一新记录种皱叶假黄藓[A. rhaphidostegum(Müll. Hal.)Bosch & Sande Lac.],凭证标本保存在海南大学植物标本馆中。该新记录的发现增添了海南热带雨林苔藓植物物种新资料,有望促进海南热带雨林苔藓植物资源的科学保护和合理利用。

    • 通过经典分类学方法对标本进行鉴定:首先在解剖镜下观察干燥标本外部形态,经蒸馏水浸润标本后取叶、茎等各个部分制作临时水封片,置于显微镜下进行观察与测量(LI00 SZ745体视显微镜、ZEISS Primostar 3光学显微镜),根据标本形态解剖特征参考《中国苔藓志》[4]与《中国苔藓植物图鉴》[5]等书籍鉴定标本的具体物种。

    • 假黄藓属Actinodontium Schwaegr. Spec. Musc. Suppl. 2(2): 75. 1826.

      假黄藓属隶属藓类植物门 (Bryophyta)、真藓纲 (Bryopsida)、油藓目 (Hookeriales)、茸帽藓科 (Pilotrichaceae);据《中国苔藓志》记载,该属曾隶属油藓科(Hookeriaceae)。假黄藓属共6种,亚洲热带地区2种:Actinodontium ascendens Schwägr和皱叶假黄藓A. rhaphidostegum(Müll. Hal.)Bosch & Sande Lac.,中国仅在台湾南投县与嘉义县报道了皱叶假黄藓[4, 6]

      模式种:A. ascendens Schwägr Species Muscorum Frondosorum, Supplementum Secundum 2(1): 75. pl. 174. 1826.(Sp. Musc. Frond., Suppl. 2)

      该属植物植株密集丛生,呈黄绿色,具绢丝光泽。叶卵状披针形,具不等长中肋2,达叶中上部;叶细胞平滑,呈长菱形,基部细胞四至六边形,叶缘细胞较狭。蒴柄直立平滑;孢蒴直立,椭圆形;蒴齿两层,外齿层齿片狭披针形,中脊特征明显,具密横脊与密疣;蒴盖具直长喙;蒴帽帽状,基部多细长裂瓣。孢子具密疣[4]

      皱叶假黄藓(图1

      Figure 1.  Actinodontium rhaphidostegum

      Actinodontium rhaphidostegum (Müll. Hal.) Bosch & Sande Lac., Bryol. Jav. 2: 37. 1862.

      植株绿色,小型,茎高约0.8 cm;叶片干时皱缩且具绢丝光泽,湿水时展开,呈长卵状披针形,长2.7~3.1 mm,宽0.35~0.53 mm;叶边全缘,略内曲;叶长渐尖;中肋2条,不等长,可至叶中部。叶细胞薄壁,平滑,先端细胞长六边形,长63~88 μm,宽12~16 μm:中部细胞为长菱形,长116~123 µm,宽12~21 µm ;基部细胞长方形,长73~105 μm,宽16~24 μm。孢子体未见。

      生境:树基附生。

      凭证标本:海南热带雨林国家公园黎母山分局黎母山主峰,19°10'45.841872"N, 109°45'39.817016"E,海拔977 m,采集时间:2023年8月;采集人:苏欣;标本号:LMS10000303(T2)。

      分布:中国台湾、泰国、柬埔寨、印度、越南、印度尼西亚、巴布亚新几内亚、菲律宾、斐济、斯里兰卡、尼泊尔及马来西亚[412];中国海南为首次记录。

      据记载,本种与模式种的区别在于其叶形呈长披针形,叶尖急尖至短渐尖,双中肋仅达叶中部,叶细胞呈长菱形,孢蒴卵圆柱形;而模式种中,叶呈卵状披针形、叶顶端长渐尖双中肋可延伸至叶片长度的三分之二,叶基部细胞短阔,四至六边形,孢蒴则呈椭圆形[4, 7]

    • 自20世纪20年代以来,大批科研工作者在海南进行了相对系统的苔藓植物研究,目前已知物种达818种,近十年来的研究中仍有新发现[3, 1316],这表明对海南苔藓植物物种资源的认知尚不充分。本新记录属种所处的山地雨林和更高海拔的热带云雾林,人为干扰较少,环境条件适宜,是海南苔藓植物的适生热点区域[16]。本次在海南发现的皱叶假黄藓,此前仅在中国台湾有所报道,台湾南部与海南降水量高,具备相似的热带气候,苔藓植物区系成分相近[13, 18],因此,仅在中国台湾有报道的物种能够在海南被发现并不是一件意外的事情,相信随着海南苔藓资源调查的不断深入,这样的新发现是可以期待和预见的。

      皱叶假黄藓的受威胁状况在2013年发布的《中国生物多样性红色名录:高等植物卷》[19]中被评估为近危(NT),而在新版中为数据缺乏(DD)[20]。2024年《海南省省级重点保护野生植物名录》[21]首次收录海南9种分布范围狭窄、种群数量少的苔藓植物。由于本新记录仅见于黎母山一份标本中,推测皱叶假黄藓在海南种群规模极小,较为罕见,建议将本物种列为需要重点关注的苔藓物种中。未来需进一步调查其在海南热带雨林国家公园的分布情况,从而准确评估该物种的受威胁状况。

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