Current Issue
2026 Vol.17 NO.4
2026,
17(4):
549-556.
doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.20250001
Abstract
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Abstract:
Clerodendranthus spicatus (Kidney tea, KT), a traditional Chinese medicine, has a variety of biological activities. In recent years there are many studies on the antioxidant activity of kidney tea in vitro, but the research on the antioxidant activity and health effects of its ethanol extract in vivo is not sufficiently documented. In this case, the antioxidant activity of KTe (kidney tea ethanol extract) in vitro was evaluated by measuring the DPPH and ABTS free radical scavenging ability. Caenorhabditis elegans was used to evaluate the antioxidant activity of KTe in vivo. The physiological indexes, such as lifespan, oviposition and hatching, lipofuscin content and movement ability of C.elegans, were determined to evaluate the antioxidant tivity of KTe in vivo. The results showed that KTe had good antioxidant activity in vitro, which could promote the physiological indexes of young nematodes and inhibit the physiological indexes of old nematodes. At the same time, it can significantly increase the number of eggs laid by C.elegans, and has no significant effect on the hatching rate. All these results can provide reference for the subsequent development and utilization of KT.
Clerodendranthus spicatus (Kidney tea, KT), a traditional Chinese medicine, has a variety of biological activities. In recent years there are many studies on the antioxidant activity of kidney tea in vitro, but the research on the antioxidant activity and health effects of its ethanol extract in vivo is not sufficiently documented. In this case, the antioxidant activity of KTe (kidney tea ethanol extract) in vitro was evaluated by measuring the DPPH and ABTS free radical scavenging ability. Caenorhabditis elegans was used to evaluate the antioxidant activity of KTe in vivo. The physiological indexes, such as lifespan, oviposition and hatching, lipofuscin content and movement ability of C.elegans, were determined to evaluate the antioxidant tivity of KTe in vivo. The results showed that KTe had good antioxidant activity in vitro, which could promote the physiological indexes of young nematodes and inhibit the physiological indexes of old nematodes. At the same time, it can significantly increase the number of eggs laid by C.elegans, and has no significant effect on the hatching rate. All these results can provide reference for the subsequent development and utilization of KT.
2026,
17(4):
557-565.
doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.20250006
Abstract:
KNOX (KNOTTED1-like HOMEOBOX) transcription factors are involved in the morphogenesis of plant organs and regulate plant growth and development. The specific expression of DaKNOX16 gene in the tubers of Dioscorea alata was identified by the expression profiles of different tissues of Dioscorea and homologous alignment, and the function of the gene was analyzed by bioinformatics analysis and yeast two-hybrid experiments. A total of 12 Dioscorea KNOX genes were identified by HMMsearch and BLAST analysis. The phylogenetic tree was constructed with KNOX genes of rice, Arabidopsis and potato, and it was found that DaKNOX16 was closely related to Arabidopsis AtSTM. Transcriptome data showed that DaKNOX16 had the characteristics of high expression in tubers among the 12 KNOX genes. DaKNOX16 contains conserved KNOX1, KNOX2, Homeobox KN and ELK domains and is an acidic protein composed of ɑ-helix and random coil. Through yeast two-hybrid screening and yeast point-to-point interaction verification, it was found that DaKNOX16 could interact with the transcription factor D4ZF-HD. It is hence speculated that this gene may exert its function through interaction with the transcription factor D4ZF-HD, which provides an important theoretical basis for further understanding of the regulation of tuber development by KNOX genes.
KNOX (KNOTTED1-like HOMEOBOX) transcription factors are involved in the morphogenesis of plant organs and regulate plant growth and development. The specific expression of DaKNOX16 gene in the tubers of Dioscorea alata was identified by the expression profiles of different tissues of Dioscorea and homologous alignment, and the function of the gene was analyzed by bioinformatics analysis and yeast two-hybrid experiments. A total of 12 Dioscorea KNOX genes were identified by HMMsearch and BLAST analysis. The phylogenetic tree was constructed with KNOX genes of rice, Arabidopsis and potato, and it was found that DaKNOX16 was closely related to Arabidopsis AtSTM. Transcriptome data showed that DaKNOX16 had the characteristics of high expression in tubers among the 12 KNOX genes. DaKNOX16 contains conserved KNOX1, KNOX2, Homeobox KN and ELK domains and is an acidic protein composed of ɑ-helix and random coil. Through yeast two-hybrid screening and yeast point-to-point interaction verification, it was found that DaKNOX16 could interact with the transcription factor D4ZF-HD. It is hence speculated that this gene may exert its function through interaction with the transcription factor D4ZF-HD, which provides an important theoretical basis for further understanding of the regulation of tuber development by KNOX genes.
2026,
17(4):
566-577.
doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.20250025
Abstract:
The sugar transporter SWEET (Sugars Will Eventually be Exported Transporter) plays a crucial role in plant responses to both biotic and abiotic stresses. To elucidate the function of the SWEET gene family in Dendrobium catenatum, 27 DcSWEET genes were identified and characterized from D. catenatum by using whole-genome data, and their expression patterns under drought stress were analyzed. The molecular weight of the DcSWEET proteins were found to range from 22.44 to 39.10 kDa, with heir isoelectric points being between 8.47 and 9.63. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the DcSWEET proteins could be classified into four subgroups, each characterized by conserved motif compositions and gene structures. Cis-acting element analysis indicated that the promoters of DcSWEET genes contain various elements associated with hormone signaling, plant growth and development, light responsiveness, and stress response. RNA-seq analysis demonstrated that 17 DcSWEET genes were up-regulated under drought stress. Coexpression network analysis suggested that DcSWEET4, DcSWEET11, DcSWEET13, DcSWEET18, and DcSWEET27 may play pivotal roles in response to drought stress in D. catenatum. RT-qPCR confirmed that DcSWEET11, DcSWEET13, and DcSWEET18 were significantly up-regulated in stems and leaves under drought conditions, making them potential candidate genes for enhancing drought tolerance in D. catenatum. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of key SWEET genes involved in drought stress responses in D. catenatum, offering a molecular foundation for future efforts to improve its drought resistance.
The sugar transporter SWEET (Sugars Will Eventually be Exported Transporter) plays a crucial role in plant responses to both biotic and abiotic stresses. To elucidate the function of the SWEET gene family in Dendrobium catenatum, 27 DcSWEET genes were identified and characterized from D. catenatum by using whole-genome data, and their expression patterns under drought stress were analyzed. The molecular weight of the DcSWEET proteins were found to range from 22.44 to 39.10 kDa, with heir isoelectric points being between 8.47 and 9.63. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the DcSWEET proteins could be classified into four subgroups, each characterized by conserved motif compositions and gene structures. Cis-acting element analysis indicated that the promoters of DcSWEET genes contain various elements associated with hormone signaling, plant growth and development, light responsiveness, and stress response. RNA-seq analysis demonstrated that 17 DcSWEET genes were up-regulated under drought stress. Coexpression network analysis suggested that DcSWEET4, DcSWEET11, DcSWEET13, DcSWEET18, and DcSWEET27 may play pivotal roles in response to drought stress in D. catenatum. RT-qPCR confirmed that DcSWEET11, DcSWEET13, and DcSWEET18 were significantly up-regulated in stems and leaves under drought conditions, making them potential candidate genes for enhancing drought tolerance in D. catenatum. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of key SWEET genes involved in drought stress responses in D. catenatum, offering a molecular foundation for future efforts to improve its drought resistance.
2026,
17(4):
578-586.
doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.20250031
Abstract:
MYC2 is an important transcription factor that regulates the synthesis of terpenoid secondary metabolites in plants. However, little is known about the CdMYC2 transcription factor in C. drupifera. In this study, the related sequence information of CdMYC2 gene was obtained based on the transcriptome annotation data of C. drupifera. A CdMYC2 gene was successfully isolated and cloned from the leaves of C. drupifera for the first time. Its CDS sequence length was1515 bp, encoding 504 amino acids, with typical bHLH-MYC_N super family and bHLH_SF super family conserved domains. This gene was predicted to be located in the nucleus. Multiple sequence alignment further confirmed that the amplified CdMYC2 belongs to the MYC2 family transcription factor. The phylogenetic tree analysis showed that CdMYC2 was clustered into a clade with Camellia sinensis, a plant belonging to the same family and genus, while it was far away from the clades of Quercus lobata and Q. robur. RT-qPCR results showed that the expression level of CdMYC2 gene was higher in the leaves than in other tissues. Among the different developmental stages of the fruit, the expression of CdMYC2 in the fruit reached the highest in September. This study provides an important reference for the subsequent exploration of the function of MYC2 transcription factor in the regulation of triterpenoid saponin biosynthesis pathway in C. drupifera.
MYC2 is an important transcription factor that regulates the synthesis of terpenoid secondary metabolites in plants. However, little is known about the CdMYC2 transcription factor in C. drupifera. In this study, the related sequence information of CdMYC2 gene was obtained based on the transcriptome annotation data of C. drupifera. A CdMYC2 gene was successfully isolated and cloned from the leaves of C. drupifera for the first time. Its CDS sequence length was
Identification and expression analysis of the acetyl-CoA carboxylase gene family in Persea americana
2026,
17(4):
587-596.
doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.20250037
Abstract:
Avocado (Persea americana) is a fruit with high nutritional value, and fatty acids are among its key intrinsic nutrients. Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) is a crucial enzyme in fatty acid synthesis, essential for oil accumulation and storage. The protein structure, evolutionary relationships, and cis-acting elements of the PaACC gene promoter in avocado were analyzed by employing bioinformatics tools, and the expression levels of the PaACC genes across different avocado organs and developmental stages of the fruit were analyzed by using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). A total of seven PaACC genes were identified in avocado, encoding three BC subunits, three BCCP subunits, and one α−CT subunit of ACC. The amino acid lengths of these genes range from 251 to 776, with an average molecular weight of 49.95 kDa. All the encoded proteins are hydrophilic and lack of transmembrane domains. Phylogenetic analysis of ACC proteins from various plant species reveals that ACC proteins are categorized into four subfamilies based on subunit composition. The gene structure shows that all the PaACC genes contain at least 5 exons, each member of which contains a certain number of introns. There are 25 different conserved motifs in the PaACC gene family. Specifically, PaACC1, PaACC2, and PaACC3 all have motif 14, while PaACC4, PaACC5, and PaACC6 all have motifs 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. In the promoter region of the PaACC genes, several cis-acting elements associated with light response, hormone response, drought stress, and low-temperature stress were identified. These findings suggest that the PaACC genes play a significant role in regulating plant growth and development and may enhance the plant’s tolerance to abiotic stresses. Expression pattern analysis reveals that PaACC4, PaACC5, and PaACC7 exhibit significantly higher expression levels during the S5 stage of fruit development compared to other organs and stages. This study provides a theoretical foundation for further research on the role of the PaACC genes in avocado fatty acid biosynthesis.
Avocado (Persea americana) is a fruit with high nutritional value, and fatty acids are among its key intrinsic nutrients. Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) is a crucial enzyme in fatty acid synthesis, essential for oil accumulation and storage. The protein structure, evolutionary relationships, and cis-acting elements of the PaACC gene promoter in avocado were analyzed by employing bioinformatics tools, and the expression levels of the PaACC genes across different avocado organs and developmental stages of the fruit were analyzed by using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). A total of seven PaACC genes were identified in avocado, encoding three BC subunits, three BCCP subunits, and one α−CT subunit of ACC. The amino acid lengths of these genes range from 251 to 776, with an average molecular weight of 49.95 kDa. All the encoded proteins are hydrophilic and lack of transmembrane domains. Phylogenetic analysis of ACC proteins from various plant species reveals that ACC proteins are categorized into four subfamilies based on subunit composition. The gene structure shows that all the PaACC genes contain at least 5 exons, each member of which contains a certain number of introns. There are 25 different conserved motifs in the PaACC gene family. Specifically, PaACC1, PaACC2, and PaACC3 all have motif 14, while PaACC4, PaACC5, and PaACC6 all have motifs 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. In the promoter region of the PaACC genes, several cis-acting elements associated with light response, hormone response, drought stress, and low-temperature stress were identified. These findings suggest that the PaACC genes play a significant role in regulating plant growth and development and may enhance the plant’s tolerance to abiotic stresses. Expression pattern analysis reveals that PaACC4, PaACC5, and PaACC7 exhibit significantly higher expression levels during the S5 stage of fruit development compared to other organs and stages. This study provides a theoretical foundation for further research on the role of the PaACC genes in avocado fatty acid biosynthesis.
2026,
17(4):
597-603.
doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.20250082
Abstract:
To explore the substrate formula for cultivating Stropharia rugosoannulata with high yield and high quality under rubber plantations, rice straw and rubber wood chips were used as raw materials to investigate the impact of their ratios on the yield and quality of S. rugosoannulata. Five treatments with rice and rubber wood chips at the dry mass ratios (1:0, 3:1, 1:1, 1:3, 0:1) were arranged in this experiment for observation of mycelial growth and field fruiting. The results showed that the treatment with the ratio of 1:3 had the highest comprehensive score. The mycelium of S. rugosoannulata cultivated with this substrate was robust and dense, with an average fruiting period of 52.75 days after inoculation and a harvesting period of 29 days. The yield of fruiting bodies in this treatment reached 5.22 kg·m−2, and the biological conversion rate was 26.11%.
To explore the substrate formula for cultivating Stropharia rugosoannulata with high yield and high quality under rubber plantations, rice straw and rubber wood chips were used as raw materials to investigate the impact of their ratios on the yield and quality of S. rugosoannulata. Five treatments with rice and rubber wood chips at the dry mass ratios (1:0, 3:1, 1:1, 1:3, 0:1) were arranged in this experiment for observation of mycelial growth and field fruiting. The results showed that the treatment with the ratio of 1:3 had the highest comprehensive score. The mycelium of S. rugosoannulata cultivated with this substrate was robust and dense, with an average fruiting period of 52.75 days after inoculation and a harvesting period of 29 days. The yield of fruiting bodies in this treatment reached 5.22 kg·m−2, and the biological conversion rate was 26.11%.
Antioxidant activity and LC-MS component analysis of water extracts from the flowers of Bombax ceiba
2026,
17(4):
604-616.
doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.20250100
Abstract:
To explore the potential of the aqueous extract of Bombax ceiba flower (BWE) in the field of antioxidation, the effects of different solid-liquid ratios and decoction times on the total flavonoid content and in vitro antioxidant indices such as DPPH radical scavenging rate, ABTS cation radical scavenging rate, and Fe3+ reducing ability of the extract were investigated. The optimal process parameters of solid-liquid ratio and decoction time were screened out. Subsequently, the chemical components of BWE were identified and analyzed by using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) to provide key scientific basis for the development and application of BWE in the field of antioxidation. The results showed that within a certain range, the scavenging ability of BWE on DPPH and ABTS radicals and the reducing ability of Fe3+ increased with the concentration. The optimal parameters were a solid-liquid ratio of 1:12.5 and a decoction time of 1.5 h, with IC50 values being 87.44 mg·L−1 and 46.77 mg·L−1, respectively. However, the Fe3+ reducing ability of BWE was higher than that of vitamin C. These results indicated that BWE had high antioxidant activity. A total of 73 flavonoids were identified in BWE, among which four chemical components in BWE, i.e. quercetin 3-O-glucuronide (49.99%), delphinidin-3-O-(6''-O-alpha-rhamnopyranosyl-beta-glucopyranoside) (8.24%), rutin (7.45%), and gallocatechin (5.65%), were the highest in relative content and are important pharmacologically active substances. This provides a theoretical basis for further in-depth exploration and utilization of the medicinal potential of flavonoids in BWE.
To explore the potential of the aqueous extract of Bombax ceiba flower (BWE) in the field of antioxidation, the effects of different solid-liquid ratios and decoction times on the total flavonoid content and in vitro antioxidant indices such as DPPH radical scavenging rate, ABTS cation radical scavenging rate, and Fe3+ reducing ability of the extract were investigated. The optimal process parameters of solid-liquid ratio and decoction time were screened out. Subsequently, the chemical components of BWE were identified and analyzed by using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) to provide key scientific basis for the development and application of BWE in the field of antioxidation. The results showed that within a certain range, the scavenging ability of BWE on DPPH and ABTS radicals and the reducing ability of Fe3+ increased with the concentration. The optimal parameters were a solid-liquid ratio of 1:12.5 and a decoction time of 1.5 h, with IC50 values being 87.44 mg·L−1 and 46.77 mg·L−1, respectively. However, the Fe3+ reducing ability of BWE was higher than that of vitamin C. These results indicated that BWE had high antioxidant activity. A total of 73 flavonoids were identified in BWE, among which four chemical components in BWE, i.e. quercetin 3-O-glucuronide (49.99%), delphinidin-3-O-(6''-O-alpha-rhamnopyranosyl-beta-glucopyranoside) (8.24%), rutin (7.45%), and gallocatechin (5.65%), were the highest in relative content and are important pharmacologically active substances. This provides a theoretical basis for further in-depth exploration and utilization of the medicinal potential of flavonoids in BWE.
2026,
17(4):
617-626.
doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.20250170
Abstract:
To effectively utilize climate resources and establish a long-term effective disaster prevention system to promote the healthy development of the durian industry in Hainan, the diurnal variation process of high temperatures was analyzed. The daily maximum temperature, supplemented by relative humidity at 14:00 was selected as the key meteorological indicator for high temperature disasters. The percentile threshold method was used to construct classification indices for daily high temperature disasters, process-based high temperature disasters, and annual high temperature disaster types for young durian trees. The results showed that from 2015 to 2024, the number of days affected by high temperature disasters for young durian trees in major durian cultivation areas of Hainan ranged from 7.2 to 81.7 days, that the total frequency of process-based high temperature disasters ranged from 1.1 to 10.7 times, and that annual high temperature disaster types ranged from mild to severe and above. Based on comprehensive analysis of indicators including total high temperature days, days with severe and above disasters, total frequency of disaster processes, frequency of severe and above processes, and annual disaster classification, high temperature disasters were more severe in northern durian cultivation areas than in southern areas, with the distribution pattern being in the order of Chengmai > Sanya > Ledong > Baoting > Lingshui. The probability of young durian trees encountering high temperature disasters during growth in Hainan is substantial; therefore, priority should be given to implementing high temperature disaster prevention measures in cultivation practices, modifying local microclimate conditions in durian orchards, and reducing high temperature damage to durian trees.
To effectively utilize climate resources and establish a long-term effective disaster prevention system to promote the healthy development of the durian industry in Hainan, the diurnal variation process of high temperatures was analyzed. The daily maximum temperature, supplemented by relative humidity at 14:00 was selected as the key meteorological indicator for high temperature disasters. The percentile threshold method was used to construct classification indices for daily high temperature disasters, process-based high temperature disasters, and annual high temperature disaster types for young durian trees. The results showed that from 2015 to 2024, the number of days affected by high temperature disasters for young durian trees in major durian cultivation areas of Hainan ranged from 7.2 to 81.7 days, that the total frequency of process-based high temperature disasters ranged from 1.1 to 10.7 times, and that annual high temperature disaster types ranged from mild to severe and above. Based on comprehensive analysis of indicators including total high temperature days, days with severe and above disasters, total frequency of disaster processes, frequency of severe and above processes, and annual disaster classification, high temperature disasters were more severe in northern durian cultivation areas than in southern areas, with the distribution pattern being in the order of Chengmai > Sanya > Ledong > Baoting > Lingshui. The probability of young durian trees encountering high temperature disasters during growth in Hainan is substantial; therefore, priority should be given to implementing high temperature disaster prevention measures in cultivation practices, modifying local microclimate conditions in durian orchards, and reducing high temperature damage to durian trees.
2026,
17(4):
627-637.
doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.20250094
Abstract:
Spodoptera frugiperda, a highly invasive pest, causes significant damage to a variety of crops and has developed severe resistance to multiple chemical pesticides. Therefore, screening suitable biological control methods has become an excellent alternative solution. In this context a pathogenic bacterium FCA-1 was isolated from the naturally dead larvae of S. frugiperda reared indoor, and it was identified as Serratia marcescens. The experiments showed that the median lethal time of FCA-1 suspension at 109 cfu·mL−1 to the 3rd instar larvae of S. frugiperda was 60.5 h, indicating significant pathogenicity. Analysis using high-throughput sequencing technology revealed that this strain significantly influenced the bacterial diversity in the midgut of S. frugiperda, with genus Serratia as the dominant bacterial group. Additionally, FCA-1 altered the microbial community structure in the gut of S. frugiperda, thereby affecting immune-related and metabolic pathways such as extracellular structures, defense mechanisms, carbohydrate metabolism and nucleotide metabolism. In summary, Serratia marcescens FCA-1 has high pathogenicity against S. frugiperda and can enhance its virulence by altering the gut microbial community structure, showing potential as a biological control agent.
Spodoptera frugiperda, a highly invasive pest, causes significant damage to a variety of crops and has developed severe resistance to multiple chemical pesticides. Therefore, screening suitable biological control methods has become an excellent alternative solution. In this context a pathogenic bacterium FCA-1 was isolated from the naturally dead larvae of S. frugiperda reared indoor, and it was identified as Serratia marcescens. The experiments showed that the median lethal time of FCA-1 suspension at 109 cfu·mL−1 to the 3rd instar larvae of S. frugiperda was 60.5 h, indicating significant pathogenicity. Analysis using high-throughput sequencing technology revealed that this strain significantly influenced the bacterial diversity in the midgut of S. frugiperda, with genus Serratia as the dominant bacterial group. Additionally, FCA-1 altered the microbial community structure in the gut of S. frugiperda, thereby affecting immune-related and metabolic pathways such as extracellular structures, defense mechanisms, carbohydrate metabolism and nucleotide metabolism. In summary, Serratia marcescens FCA-1 has high pathogenicity against S. frugiperda and can enhance its virulence by altering the gut microbial community structure, showing potential as a biological control agent.
2026,
17(4):
638-644.
doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.20250104
Abstract:
Bean flower thrips, Megalurothrips usitatus (Bagnall) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), is one of the economically important insect pests of leguminous crops and is very difficult to control. An attempt was made to determine whether reproduction and sex allocation in this thrips is affected by methyl salicylate (MeSA) odor for its potential application in IPM practice. One-day-old mated females were exposed to MeSA odor at concentrations of0.0005 , 0.001, and 0.05 μL·L–1, respectively, while unexposed females served as control. The sections of young cowpea pods were provided as food and egg-laying sites for the mated females, and replaced daily. Their offspring were reared without MeSA odor exposure until adult eclosion. The results showed that the sex ratio (proportion male) of the offspring for all the three MeSA treatments ranged from 0.33 to 0.42, which was not significantly different from that of the control. However, the number of adult female offspring decreased significantly down to approximately 103 per female upon exposure to 0.0005 and 0.001 μL·L–1 MeSA. The latter treatment also caused a significant reduction in the number of adult male offspring with a value of 50.17 per female. In contrast, 0.05 μL·L–1 MeSA odor did not trigger any significant change in above reproductive parameters. These results confirm that MeSA odor exposure does not alter the offspring sex ratio of mated females of M. usitatus, but with a low-dose inhibitory effect on their offspring production, implying that low-dose MeSA may be used as an environmentally friendly tactic for control of the bean flower thrips.
Bean flower thrips, Megalurothrips usitatus (Bagnall) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), is one of the economically important insect pests of leguminous crops and is very difficult to control. An attempt was made to determine whether reproduction and sex allocation in this thrips is affected by methyl salicylate (MeSA) odor for its potential application in IPM practice. One-day-old mated females were exposed to MeSA odor at concentrations of
2026,
17(4):
645-655.
doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.20250042
Abstract:
Myzus persicae is a globally distributed polyphagous pest that can cause severe damage to a variety of economic crops. To assess the resistance levels of field populations of M. persicae to pyrethroid insecticides in Hainan Province, resistance of M. persicae to pyrethroid insecticides was monitored in Haikou, Danzhou, and Sanya from 2021 to 2023. The leaf-dip method was used to determine the sensitivity of M. persicae to lambda-cyhalothrin, deltamethrin, bifenthrin, and permethrin. The results showed that the field populations in all the three regions exhibited the lowest resistance to lambda-cyhalothrin and the highest resistance to bifenthrin, with an overall increasing trend in resistance levels over time. In 2021, the Sanya population showed the lowest resistance to lambda-cyhalothrin, with the LC50 value being 41.992 mg·L−1. The Haikou population exhibited the most significant increase in resistance to bifenthrin, with the resistance ratio rising from 7.35-fold in 2021 to 85.32-fold in 2023, and the LC50 value reaching2085.829 mg·L−1 in 2023. Analysis of mutations in the sodium ion channel Domain Ⅱ region and the auxiliary subunit TipE revealed that no mutations occurred in the TipE gene in the Haikou, Danzhou, and Sanya populations in 2022. However, mutation of three interlock patterns (I-F, T-F, L-L) was observed at the classical mutation sites 918 and 1014. Among these, the L-L pattern was the most frequent, reaching 70%, 50%, and 50% in the respective populations. The mutation of three interclock patterns showed consistent trends with the resistance levels to different pyrethroid insecticides. These findings reveal the current resistance status and mutation profiles of M. persicae field populations in Hainan, providing important references for the scientific formulation of resistance management strategies and materials for further research into the mechanisms of pyrethroid resistance in M. persicae.
Myzus persicae is a globally distributed polyphagous pest that can cause severe damage to a variety of economic crops. To assess the resistance levels of field populations of M. persicae to pyrethroid insecticides in Hainan Province, resistance of M. persicae to pyrethroid insecticides was monitored in Haikou, Danzhou, and Sanya from 2021 to 2023. The leaf-dip method was used to determine the sensitivity of M. persicae to lambda-cyhalothrin, deltamethrin, bifenthrin, and permethrin. The results showed that the field populations in all the three regions exhibited the lowest resistance to lambda-cyhalothrin and the highest resistance to bifenthrin, with an overall increasing trend in resistance levels over time. In 2021, the Sanya population showed the lowest resistance to lambda-cyhalothrin, with the LC50 value being 41.992 mg·L−1. The Haikou population exhibited the most significant increase in resistance to bifenthrin, with the resistance ratio rising from 7.35-fold in 2021 to 85.32-fold in 2023, and the LC50 value reaching
Effect of high light on the photosynthetic capacity of bok choy (Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis)
2026,
17(4):
656-664.
doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.20250047
Abstract:
Two main varieties of bok choy cultivated in Hainan, ‘Huawang’ and ‘Aijiaohuang’ were selected to investigate the effects of high light on their photosynthetic capacity. High light stress was simulated using LEDs at an intensity of1500 μmol·m−2·s−1. The results indicated that the high light treatment significantly increased the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), and transpiration rate (Tr) of both the bok choy varieties, ‘Huawang’ and ‘Aijiaohuang,’ at the initial stage (0～5 days), and decreased the intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci). However, prolonged high light stress (5～20 days) led to a continuous decline in Pn, Gs, and Tr, and Ci tended to stabilize. The light response curve after 10 days of high light treatment showed that the maximum net photosynthetic rate (Pnmax) of the leaves in both the bok choy varieties was significantly increased, while the apparent quantum efficiency (AQY) significantly decreased. Under high light, both the bok choy varieties decreased significantly in maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem Ⅱ (PSⅡ) represented by Fv/Fm, actual photochemical quantum yield (ΦPSII), and photochemical quenching coefficient (qP), with a greater decline observed in Aijiaohuang. The non-photochemical quenching coefficient (NPQ) of both the varieties significantly increased at 5 days of high light stress, but under prolonged high light stress, NPQ and the regulated energy dissipation quantum yield Y(NPQ) decreased, while the unregulated energy dissipation quantum yield Y(NO) continuously increased. Moreover, the electron transport rate (ETR) under high light showed an initial increase followed by a decrease in the bok choy variety Huawang, while the ETR continuously declined in Aijiaohuang. Overall analysis indicated that Huawang exhibited a higher adaptive capacity for photosystem repair under prolonged high light conditions, whereas Aijiaohuang responded rapidly in the short term but demonstrated a weaker photoprotection mechanism.
Two main varieties of bok choy cultivated in Hainan, ‘Huawang’ and ‘Aijiaohuang’ were selected to investigate the effects of high light on their photosynthetic capacity. High light stress was simulated using LEDs at an intensity of
2026,
17(4):
665-672.
doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.20250059
Abstract:
Peronophythora litchii causes the most destructive disease on litchi, litchi downy blight. PlCdc15, a key protein kinase involved in the cell division process of P. litchi, was identified. Domain prediction analysis revealed that PlCdc15 contains a conserved STKc kinase domain. The CRISPR-Cas9 system, a genome editing tool, was used to produce the N-terminal STKc kinase domain-deletion mutant ΔPlcdc15-Stk and the C-terminal deletion mutant ΔPlcdc15-Back. Both mutants exhibited significant reduction in vegetative growth rate, sporulation capacity, and pathogenicity. DAPI staining revealed disrupted cell division processes in both mutants. After induced at low temperature, ΔPlcdc15-Stk failed to undergo cleavage and lost the ability to produce oospores. All the results highlights the essential roles of both the N-terminal kinase domain and the C-terminal region of PlCdc15 in the growth, development, and pathogenicity of P. litchii. These findings provide new theoretical insights for research on pathogenic oomycetes.
Peronophythora litchii causes the most destructive disease on litchi, litchi downy blight. PlCdc15, a key protein kinase involved in the cell division process of P. litchi, was identified. Domain prediction analysis revealed that PlCdc15 contains a conserved STKc kinase domain. The CRISPR-Cas9 system, a genome editing tool, was used to produce the N-terminal STKc kinase domain-deletion mutant ΔPlcdc15-Stk and the C-terminal deletion mutant ΔPlcdc15-Back. Both mutants exhibited significant reduction in vegetative growth rate, sporulation capacity, and pathogenicity. DAPI staining revealed disrupted cell division processes in both mutants. After induced at low temperature, ΔPlcdc15-Stk failed to undergo cleavage and lost the ability to produce oospores. All the results highlights the essential roles of both the N-terminal kinase domain and the C-terminal region of PlCdc15 in the growth, development, and pathogenicity of P. litchii. These findings provide new theoretical insights for research on pathogenic oomycetes.
2026,
17(4):
673-683.
doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.20250071
Abstract:
In order to understand the current research hotspots and trends of stem end rot disease, a bibliometric analysis was conducted using CiteSpace software on 367 stem end rot disease-related articles indexed in the Web of Science core database between 2009 and 2024. The distribution of research efforts, knowledge base, research hotspots, and frontier trends in the field of stem end rot disease were analyzed. The results indicate that the number of publications on stem end rot disease has been increasing, with China, the United States, and Brazil having the highest publication volumes. There is also significant international collaboration among countries. The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) is a leading research institution in this field, while Hainan University is the leading institution in China. Research institutions collaborate closely, although Chinese institutions still have room to improve in terms of international cooperation and academic influence. Prominent authors in the field of stem end rot disease research include Alkan Noam and Bai Jinhe. Keyword co-occurrence and burst detection analysis reveal that current research hotspots in the field include pathogen identification, resistance, and genomics. Future research should focus on strengthening interdisciplinary collaboration, further exploring the pathological mechanisms of stem end rot disease, and developing control strategies to ensure the healthy growth of crops.
In order to understand the current research hotspots and trends of stem end rot disease, a bibliometric analysis was conducted using CiteSpace software on 367 stem end rot disease-related articles indexed in the Web of Science core database between 2009 and 2024. The distribution of research efforts, knowledge base, research hotspots, and frontier trends in the field of stem end rot disease were analyzed. The results indicate that the number of publications on stem end rot disease has been increasing, with China, the United States, and Brazil having the highest publication volumes. There is also significant international collaboration among countries. The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) is a leading research institution in this field, while Hainan University is the leading institution in China. Research institutions collaborate closely, although Chinese institutions still have room to improve in terms of international cooperation and academic influence. Prominent authors in the field of stem end rot disease research include Alkan Noam and Bai Jinhe. Keyword co-occurrence and burst detection analysis reveal that current research hotspots in the field include pathogen identification, resistance, and genomics. Future research should focus on strengthening interdisciplinary collaboration, further exploring the pathological mechanisms of stem end rot disease, and developing control strategies to ensure the healthy growth of crops.
2026,
17(4):
684-692.
doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.20250090
Abstract:
In order to screen highly effective insecticides for controlling Thrips palmi and Frankliniella intonsa on pepper (Capsicum annuum) in Sanya, Hainan Province, the toxicity differences of several commonly used insecticides against these two thrips species were evaluated through laboratory bioassays and field efficacy trials. The laboratory toxicity tests revealed that 60 g·L−1 spinetoram suspension concentrate (SC) exhibited the highest toxicity against both the thrips species, with LC50 values of 0.017 mg·L−1 for T. palmi and 3.391 mg·L−1 for F. intonsa, significantly superior to other tested insecticides. Additionally, 240 g·L−1 chlorfenapyr SC and 10% spinosad SC also demonstrated relatively high toxicity against F. intonsa, with LC50 values of 11.192 and 9.279 mg·L−1, respectively. In contrast, 5% emamectin benzoate microemulsion (ME) and 10% acetamiprid emulsifiable concentrate (EC) showed lower toxicity against both the species, with LC50 values exceeding 50 mg·L−1. Field efficacy trials indicated that root irrigation with 25% thiamethoxam water-dispersible granules (WG) at 3,000-fold dilution during the seedling stage provided long-lasting suppression of thrips populations (residual efficacy ≥ 55 days). However, foliar spraying with 60 g·L−1 spinetoram SC at 1,500-fold dilution during the full-bloom stage exhibited moderate immediate and residual efficacy (control efficiency of 69.40% at day 1 after treatment). Nevertheless, when combined with a food attractant, the control efficacy was significantly enhanced to 97.15% at day 1 after treatment. Based on these findings, an integrated control strategy of "thiamethoxam root irrigation at the seedling stage + spinetoram combined with food attractant at the full-bloom stage" is recommended for pepper thrips management, achieving a balance between immediate and sustained efficacy. This study provides a scientific basis for the green control of thrips on pepper crops.
In order to screen highly effective insecticides for controlling Thrips palmi and Frankliniella intonsa on pepper (Capsicum annuum) in Sanya, Hainan Province, the toxicity differences of several commonly used insecticides against these two thrips species were evaluated through laboratory bioassays and field efficacy trials. The laboratory toxicity tests revealed that 60 g·L−1 spinetoram suspension concentrate (SC) exhibited the highest toxicity against both the thrips species, with LC50 values of 0.017 mg·L−1 for T. palmi and 3.391 mg·L−1 for F. intonsa, significantly superior to other tested insecticides. Additionally, 240 g·L−1 chlorfenapyr SC and 10% spinosad SC also demonstrated relatively high toxicity against F. intonsa, with LC50 values of 11.192 and 9.279 mg·L−1, respectively. In contrast, 5% emamectin benzoate microemulsion (ME) and 10% acetamiprid emulsifiable concentrate (EC) showed lower toxicity against both the species, with LC50 values exceeding 50 mg·L−1. Field efficacy trials indicated that root irrigation with 25% thiamethoxam water-dispersible granules (WG) at 3,000-fold dilution during the seedling stage provided long-lasting suppression of thrips populations (residual efficacy ≥ 55 days). However, foliar spraying with 60 g·L−1 spinetoram SC at 1,500-fold dilution during the full-bloom stage exhibited moderate immediate and residual efficacy (control efficiency of 69.40% at day 1 after treatment). Nevertheless, when combined with a food attractant, the control efficacy was significantly enhanced to 97.15% at day 1 after treatment. Based on these findings, an integrated control strategy of "thiamethoxam root irrigation at the seedling stage + spinetoram combined with food attractant at the full-bloom stage" is recommended for pepper thrips management, achieving a balance between immediate and sustained efficacy. This study provides a scientific basis for the green control of thrips on pepper crops.
2026,
17(4):
693-698.
doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.20250113
Abstract:
Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) is an important staple and economic crop in China, but its yield and quality are severely constrained by root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp.) infections. To identify effective and safe control agents, a field trial was conducted in Changjiang County, Hainan Province, to evaluate the efficacy of 30% fosthiazate emulsion and 450 g·L−1 cyclobutrifluram suspension concentrate against root-knot nematodes in sweet potato. The results showed that both nematicides significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the disease severity index and tuber infection rate. Among them, cyclobutrifluram showed significantly higher and more persistent efficacy, with relative efficacies of 93.82% and 88.08% at 58 and 77 days after planting, respectively—significantly greater than those of fosthiazate (80.58% and 71.30%). Microscopic observation further revealed that cyclobutrifluram reduced nematode population density in the treated roots by more than 96%, markedly outperforming fosthiazate (47.1%). These findings indicate that cyclobutrifluram possesses strong potential for field application and represents a promising alternative nematicide, particularly under the current scenario of increasing nematode resistance.
Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) is an important staple and economic crop in China, but its yield and quality are severely constrained by root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp.) infections. To identify effective and safe control agents, a field trial was conducted in Changjiang County, Hainan Province, to evaluate the efficacy of 30% fosthiazate emulsion and 450 g·L−1 cyclobutrifluram suspension concentrate against root-knot nematodes in sweet potato. The results showed that both nematicides significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the disease severity index and tuber infection rate. Among them, cyclobutrifluram showed significantly higher and more persistent efficacy, with relative efficacies of 93.82% and 88.08% at 58 and 77 days after planting, respectively—significantly greater than those of fosthiazate (80.58% and 71.30%). Microscopic observation further revealed that cyclobutrifluram reduced nematode population density in the treated roots by more than 96%, markedly outperforming fosthiazate (47.1%). These findings indicate that cyclobutrifluram possesses strong potential for field application and represents a promising alternative nematicide, particularly under the current scenario of increasing nematode resistance.
2026,
17(4):
699-708.
doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.20250131
Abstract:
To clarify the species composition of major pests in pepper fields in Sanya, Hainan, and the relationship between thrips population dynamics and meteorological factors, a systematic survey of pest species and thrips population dynamics was conducted during the pepper growing season from November 2024 to May 2025, and their association with key meteorological factors was analyzed. The results showed that the dominant pests in Sanya pepper fields were thrips, with Thrips palmi and Frankliniella intonsa being the dominant species. Thrips pests occurred at all the growth stages of pepper, but their population dynamics exhibited distinct growth stage-specific differences: the seedling stage was a low-incidence period, and the flowering and fruit-setting stages were the peak population period, during which the number of F. intonsa significantly exceeded that of T. palmi. The damage decreased during the flowering and harvesting stages, and by the end of the survey, T. palmi once again became dominant. Correlation analysis indicated that meteorological factors during the flowering and fruit-setting stages had a significant influence on thrips population numbers, showing significant positive correlations with average temperature, minimum temperature, average surface temperature, daily maximum/minimum surface temperature, and maximum humidity. All these findings reveal the pest species composition, dominant pest populations, dynamics of dominant thrips pests, and the key influence of meteorological factors on thrips population dynamics in pepper fields, providing a scientific basis for the precise monitoring and formulation of control strategies against thrips pests in pepper fields in the Sanya region.
To clarify the species composition of major pests in pepper fields in Sanya, Hainan, and the relationship between thrips population dynamics and meteorological factors, a systematic survey of pest species and thrips population dynamics was conducted during the pepper growing season from November 2024 to May 2025, and their association with key meteorological factors was analyzed. The results showed that the dominant pests in Sanya pepper fields were thrips, with Thrips palmi and Frankliniella intonsa being the dominant species. Thrips pests occurred at all the growth stages of pepper, but their population dynamics exhibited distinct growth stage-specific differences: the seedling stage was a low-incidence period, and the flowering and fruit-setting stages were the peak population period, during which the number of F. intonsa significantly exceeded that of T. palmi. The damage decreased during the flowering and harvesting stages, and by the end of the survey, T. palmi once again became dominant. Correlation analysis indicated that meteorological factors during the flowering and fruit-setting stages had a significant influence on thrips population numbers, showing significant positive correlations with average temperature, minimum temperature, average surface temperature, daily maximum/minimum surface temperature, and maximum humidity. All these findings reveal the pest species composition, dominant pest populations, dynamics of dominant thrips pests, and the key influence of meteorological factors on thrips population dynamics in pepper fields, providing a scientific basis for the precise monitoring and formulation of control strategies against thrips pests in pepper fields in the Sanya region.
2026,
17(4):
709-715.
doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.20250163
Abstract:
As an important tropical fruit in China, mango holds a critical position in Hainan's agricultural economy. In recent years, the threat posed by bacterial diseases to local mango production has been increasingly severe. Field surveys were conducted from April to May 2025 in the major-producing areas of Hainan Province, including Changjiang, Dongfang, Ledong, and Sanya, and symptomatic samples were collected to perform pathogen isolation and identification. The surveys showed that, in addition to the known bacterial black spot disease, bacterial necrosis was also present. Morphological observation, physiological and biochemical characterization, multilocus phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA, fusA, leuS, pyrG, rplB, and rpoB gene sequences, and pathogenicity tests following Koch’s postulates showed five out of ten isolated strains from the symptomatic samples were identified as Pantoea dispersa, confirming their role as the causal agent of mango bacterial necrosis disease. This disease is reported for the first time to infect mango in Hainan, which provides an important basis for the prevention and control of the disease in the local mango industry.
As an important tropical fruit in China, mango holds a critical position in Hainan's agricultural economy. In recent years, the threat posed by bacterial diseases to local mango production has been increasingly severe. Field surveys were conducted from April to May 2025 in the major-producing areas of Hainan Province, including Changjiang, Dongfang, Ledong, and Sanya, and symptomatic samples were collected to perform pathogen isolation and identification. The surveys showed that, in addition to the known bacterial black spot disease, bacterial necrosis was also present. Morphological observation, physiological and biochemical characterization, multilocus phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA, fusA, leuS, pyrG, rplB, and rpoB gene sequences, and pathogenicity tests following Koch’s postulates showed five out of ten isolated strains from the symptomatic samples were identified as Pantoea dispersa, confirming their role as the causal agent of mango bacterial necrosis disease. This disease is reported for the first time to infect mango in Hainan, which provides an important basis for the prevention and control of the disease in the local mango industry.
2026,
17(4):
716-725.
doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.20250125
Abstract:
Inflorescences of different accessions of Curcuma longa germplasm were collected to analyze their volatile composition and aroma contributions with a view to elucidating the effects of cultivar and geographical origin on their aroma profiles. Static headspace-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (SHS-GC-MS) was employed to analyze the volatile compounds from six accessions o C. longa germplasm. Key aroma-active substances were assessed by the relative odor activity value (ROAV). The results showed that 53 volatile compounds were identified, with total relative contents all exceeding 98.78%. Terpenes, alcohols, and esters were the predominant classes, among which terpenes showed the highest relative content (up to 54.91%). Significant compositional differences were observed among the germplasm accessions, and metabolic diversity was also noted within the same province: C2 (Luojiang, Quanzhou) exhibited prominent terpene content, imparting woody and peppery notes; C1 (Dehua, Quanzhou) and C3 (Zhangzhou) were characterized by a high ester content and a balanced terpene-alcohol profile, respectively; the Guangxi germplasm possessed the highest total ester content (35.51%), contributing a distinct fruity aroma; the key aroma component in the germplasm from Sichuan was melonal, indicating similar regional aroma characteristics. ROAV analysis indicated that β-myrcene, eucalyptol, and methyl isovalerate, among others, were key aroma compounds, collectively shaping a complex aroma profile dominated by fruity, woody, minty, and floral notes. The aroma profile of C. longa inflorescences is influenced by both germplasm and geographical origin. Terpenes (highest proportion: 54.91%), esters (e.g., 35.51% in the Guangxi germplasm), and key ROAV components (e.g., β-myrcene, eucalyptol) constitute the material basis of their aroma. These findings provide, for the first time, clear evidence of the region-specific aroma profiles in C. longa inflorescences (e.g., the contribution of melonal in Sichuan germplasm and the metabolic diversity in Fujian germplasm), offering a scientific basis for selecting high-aroma-quality germplasm and developing regional cultivation strategies for C. longa.
Inflorescences of different accessions of Curcuma longa germplasm were collected to analyze their volatile composition and aroma contributions with a view to elucidating the effects of cultivar and geographical origin on their aroma profiles. Static headspace-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (SHS-GC-MS) was employed to analyze the volatile compounds from six accessions o C. longa germplasm. Key aroma-active substances were assessed by the relative odor activity value (ROAV). The results showed that 53 volatile compounds were identified, with total relative contents all exceeding 98.78%. Terpenes, alcohols, and esters were the predominant classes, among which terpenes showed the highest relative content (up to 54.91%). Significant compositional differences were observed among the germplasm accessions, and metabolic diversity was also noted within the same province: C2 (Luojiang, Quanzhou) exhibited prominent terpene content, imparting woody and peppery notes; C1 (Dehua, Quanzhou) and C3 (Zhangzhou) were characterized by a high ester content and a balanced terpene-alcohol profile, respectively; the Guangxi germplasm possessed the highest total ester content (35.51%), contributing a distinct fruity aroma; the key aroma component in the germplasm from Sichuan was melonal, indicating similar regional aroma characteristics. ROAV analysis indicated that β-myrcene, eucalyptol, and methyl isovalerate, among others, were key aroma compounds, collectively shaping a complex aroma profile dominated by fruity, woody, minty, and floral notes. The aroma profile of C. longa inflorescences is influenced by both germplasm and geographical origin. Terpenes (highest proportion: 54.91%), esters (e.g., 35.51% in the Guangxi germplasm), and key ROAV components (e.g., β-myrcene, eucalyptol) constitute the material basis of their aroma. These findings provide, for the first time, clear evidence of the region-specific aroma profiles in C. longa inflorescences (e.g., the contribution of melonal in Sichuan germplasm and the metabolic diversity in Fujian germplasm), offering a scientific basis for selecting high-aroma-quality germplasm and developing regional cultivation strategies for C. longa.
2026,
17(4):
726-728.
doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.20240203
Abstract:
In order to understand the distribution of moss resources and species diversity in Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park, moss plant specimen collections were conducted several times on the main peak of Limu Mountain from 2022 to 2023. and Through morphological identification and literature review, a new record of Pilotrichaceae plants for Hainan was confirmed: Actinodontium rhaphidostegum (Müll. Hal.) Bosch & Sande Lac. The morphology of the new record genus and species was described in detail, with accompanying illustrations, and their habitat and geographic distribution were also introduced. This new record enriches the diversity of bryophytes in Hainan Island.
In order to understand the distribution of moss resources and species diversity in Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park, moss plant specimen collections were conducted several times on the main peak of Limu Mountain from 2022 to 2023. and Through morphological identification and literature review, a new record of Pilotrichaceae plants for Hainan was confirmed: Actinodontium rhaphidostegum (Müll. Hal.) Bosch & Sande Lac. The morphology of the new record genus and species was described in detail, with accompanying illustrations, and their habitat and geographic distribution were also introduced. This new record enriches the diversity of bryophytes in Hainan Island.
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