2014 Vol. 5, No. 2
2014, 5(2): 101-106.
doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.2014.02.015
Abstract
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Abstract:
Juvenile shrimps of Macrobrachium rosenbergii were fed with five foods under 9 different salinity levels,and their growth and survival rate were observed and analyzed. The results showed that the food and salinity had significantly different effect on the growth and survival rate of M. rosenbergii（P ＜ 0. 05）. The shrimps feeding on Anemia nauplii and fish meat were significantly higher in growth parameters than the others（P ＜ 0. 05）.M. rosenbergii feeding on Anemia nauplii showed an obviously higher growth and survival rate with the body length gain rate being（108. 00 ±6. 928）% and the body weight gain rate（445. 45 ±74. 828）% as well as the survival rate 92. 67%. At the salinity level 5 the final body length and the final body weight also were maximum,（1.29 ±0.025） cm and（0.090 ±0.003） g,respectively. However,no significant difference was observed in the body length growth of M. rosenbergii feeding on the foods at the salinity levels from 0 to 25（ P ＞ 0. 05）.This showed that M. rosenbergii adapted to a wide range of salinity. When the salinity level was over 35,M.rosenbergii had a significantly lower survival rate and growth rate at the salinity levels above 35 than at the other salinity levels（P ＜ 0. 05）.
Juvenile shrimps of Macrobrachium rosenbergii were fed with five foods under 9 different salinity levels,and their growth and survival rate were observed and analyzed. The results showed that the food and salinity had significantly different effect on the growth and survival rate of M. rosenbergii（P ＜ 0. 05）. The shrimps feeding on Anemia nauplii and fish meat were significantly higher in growth parameters than the others（P ＜ 0. 05）.M. rosenbergii feeding on Anemia nauplii showed an obviously higher growth and survival rate with the body length gain rate being（108. 00 ±6. 928）% and the body weight gain rate（445. 45 ±74. 828）% as well as the survival rate 92. 67%. At the salinity level 5 the final body length and the final body weight also were maximum,（1.29 ±0.025） cm and（0.090 ±0.003） g,respectively. However,no significant difference was observed in the body length growth of M. rosenbergii feeding on the foods at the salinity levels from 0 to 25（ P ＞ 0. 05）.This showed that M. rosenbergii adapted to a wide range of salinity. When the salinity level was over 35,M.rosenbergii had a significantly lower survival rate and growth rate at the salinity levels above 35 than at the other salinity levels（P ＜ 0. 05）.
2014, 5(2): 107-110,135.
doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.2014.02.001
Abstract:
The formation of the second disulfide bond of α-Conotoxin TxID was optimized based on the regular two-step oxidation synthesis. The optimal conditions influencing TxID oxidation were determined,such as iodine oxidation with or without nitrogen protection,TFA concentration,iodine concentration,reaction time,etc. The results indicated that the nitrogen protection during the iodine oxidation process facilitated TxID oxidative folding. The iodine was optimal for formation of the second disulfide bond when its concentration was five to ten times higher than that of the thiol,but the TFA concentration did not affect the oxidative folding distinctively.The optimum time for the iodine oxidation reaction was around 5 minutes.
The formation of the second disulfide bond of α-Conotoxin TxID was optimized based on the regular two-step oxidation synthesis. The optimal conditions influencing TxID oxidation were determined,such as iodine oxidation with or without nitrogen protection,TFA concentration,iodine concentration,reaction time,etc. The results indicated that the nitrogen protection during the iodine oxidation process facilitated TxID oxidative folding. The iodine was optimal for formation of the second disulfide bond when its concentration was five to ten times higher than that of the thiol,but the TFA concentration did not affect the oxidative folding distinctively.The optimum time for the iodine oxidation reaction was around 5 minutes.
2014, 5(2): 111-119.
doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.2014.02.011
Abstract:
A full length cDNA sequence of sugarcane gene was obtained from sugarcane（Saccharum officinarum L.） stem full length cDNA library through large-scale sequencing and validated by the corresponding bioinformatics analysis,termed ScB12D（Genbank Accession number: KF714497）. The full length of ScB12 D gene was771 bp,with a 264 bp open reading frame（ ORF）,encoding 87 amino acids residues. The ScB12 D of sugarcane was a basic protein,which has a conserved functional domain with the main function for energy metabolism,and this protein was located in plasma membrane. The main secondary structure element was random coil.At the same time,the ScB12 D genes is conservative in different species,especially highly conservative in kindred plants. The B12 D gene in sugarcane has a homology of more than 90% with the same genes in the monocotyledonous gramineous plants of maize,millet,sorghum and rice,and around 70% with the same genes in the dicotyledonous plants of sweet potatoes and camellia. Real-time quantitative PCR（ RT-qPCR） analysis revealed that the expression of ScB12 D was higher in root and sheath than in leaf sheath,stem（contain pith and skin）,lateral buds and leaf. Moreover,after inoculation with Sporisorium scitamineum,the expression of this gene decreased in the different time points. Meanwhile,the expression of ScB12D in the NaCl stress was the highest in abiotic stresses and slightly lower under the abscisic acid stress. It can be inferred that the sugarcane B12 D gene be associated with the reaction mechanism of sugarcane to biotic and abiotic stresses.
A full length cDNA sequence of sugarcane gene was obtained from sugarcane（Saccharum officinarum L.） stem full length cDNA library through large-scale sequencing and validated by the corresponding bioinformatics analysis,termed ScB12D（Genbank Accession number: KF714497）. The full length of ScB12 D gene was771 bp,with a 264 bp open reading frame（ ORF）,encoding 87 amino acids residues. The ScB12 D of sugarcane was a basic protein,which has a conserved functional domain with the main function for energy metabolism,and this protein was located in plasma membrane. The main secondary structure element was random coil.At the same time,the ScB12 D genes is conservative in different species,especially highly conservative in kindred plants. The B12 D gene in sugarcane has a homology of more than 90% with the same genes in the monocotyledonous gramineous plants of maize,millet,sorghum and rice,and around 70% with the same genes in the dicotyledonous plants of sweet potatoes and camellia. Real-time quantitative PCR（ RT-qPCR） analysis revealed that the expression of ScB12 D was higher in root and sheath than in leaf sheath,stem（contain pith and skin）,lateral buds and leaf. Moreover,after inoculation with Sporisorium scitamineum,the expression of this gene decreased in the different time points. Meanwhile,the expression of ScB12D in the NaCl stress was the highest in abiotic stresses and slightly lower under the abscisic acid stress. It can be inferred that the sugarcane B12 D gene be associated with the reaction mechanism of sugarcane to biotic and abiotic stresses.
2014, 5(2): 120-126.
doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.2014.02.002
Abstract:
Neuropeptide Y（NPY）,pro-opiomelanocortin（POMC） and cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcript peptide（CART） are hypothalamic neuropeptides that play essential roles in the regulation of energy homeostasis,which is highly conserved in evolution and can accurately reflect the distant genetic relationship between species. Partial cDNA sequences of Tupaia belangeri NPY,POMC and CART genes were obtained by using the RT-PCR method. The resultant partial sequences of NPY,POMC and CART were 133 bp,276 bp and 50 bp in length,respectively,which contain open reading frames（ORF） of 131 bp,272 bp and 48 bp,separately. The proteins encoding these sequences included 43 amino acids in NPY,90 amino acids in POMC and 16 amino acids in CART. A search of the BLAST database showed that the deduced sequences of NPY,POMC and CART from T. belangeri were very similar to those of Callithrix jacchus,Macaca mulatta,Pongo abelii,Homo sapiens,Papio Anubis,Otolemur garnettii,Nomascus leucogenys,Cricetulus griseus and Rattus norveqicus. A phylogenetic tree was constructed with the NPY,POMC and CART genes to determine the evolutional position of T. belangeri by using ML method. The result showed that T. belangeri has a close relationship with primates.
Neuropeptide Y（NPY）,pro-opiomelanocortin（POMC） and cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcript peptide（CART） are hypothalamic neuropeptides that play essential roles in the regulation of energy homeostasis,which is highly conserved in evolution and can accurately reflect the distant genetic relationship between species. Partial cDNA sequences of Tupaia belangeri NPY,POMC and CART genes were obtained by using the RT-PCR method. The resultant partial sequences of NPY,POMC and CART were 133 bp,276 bp and 50 bp in length,respectively,which contain open reading frames（ORF） of 131 bp,272 bp and 48 bp,separately. The proteins encoding these sequences included 43 amino acids in NPY,90 amino acids in POMC and 16 amino acids in CART. A search of the BLAST database showed that the deduced sequences of NPY,POMC and CART from T. belangeri were very similar to those of Callithrix jacchus,Macaca mulatta,Pongo abelii,Homo sapiens,Papio Anubis,Otolemur garnettii,Nomascus leucogenys,Cricetulus griseus and Rattus norveqicus. A phylogenetic tree was constructed with the NPY,POMC and CART genes to determine the evolutional position of T. belangeri by using ML method. The result showed that T. belangeri has a close relationship with primates.
2014, 5(2): 127-131.
doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.2014.02.012
Abstract:
Anti-browning agents,AgNO3（10,20 mg·L-1）,activated carbon（1,2,3 g·L-1）,Polyvinyl Pyrrolidone（PVP）（1,2 g·L-1）,Vitamin C（100,200 mg·L-1） were supplemented in the banana culture medium to inhibit explant browning of banana during the callus inducing process. Ten days after cultured the explants treated with anti-browning agents showed a lower browning rate than those in the control. This indicated that all the anti-browning agents were effective in inhibiting explant browning at the early stage of callus inducing culture. However,with the time of tissue culture going on,the anti-browning agents tended to be significantly different in inhibition of explant browning,and 40 days after callus-inducing culture the activated carbon treatments showed the highest inhibition of explant browning,of which the 1g·L-1activated carbon was optimum with a browning rate of only 20% of the banana explants.
Anti-browning agents,AgNO3（10,20 mg·L-1）,activated carbon（1,2,3 g·L-1）,Polyvinyl Pyrrolidone（PVP）（1,2 g·L-1）,Vitamin C（100,200 mg·L-1） were supplemented in the banana culture medium to inhibit explant browning of banana during the callus inducing process. Ten days after cultured the explants treated with anti-browning agents showed a lower browning rate than those in the control. This indicated that all the anti-browning agents were effective in inhibiting explant browning at the early stage of callus inducing culture. However,with the time of tissue culture going on,the anti-browning agents tended to be significantly different in inhibition of explant browning,and 40 days after callus-inducing culture the activated carbon treatments showed the highest inhibition of explant browning,of which the 1g·L-1activated carbon was optimum with a browning rate of only 20% of the banana explants.
2014, 5(2): 132-135.
doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.2014.02.016
Abstract:
Fed with similar diets 500 juveniles of panther grouper（Cromileptes altivelis） with the total length of（13.50 ±0.88）cm and the weight of（31.78 ±7.73）g were farmed each in the factory-farming water-flowing workshop and the pond cage for 1 year. One year after farming the panther grouper grew（25. 71 ±1. 65）cm long and weighed（260. 05 ±45. 99） g each in the factory farming workshop,and（26. 89 ±1. 90） cm in length and（330 ±44.91）g in weight each in the pond cage. It is concluded that the panther grouper grew faster in the pond cage than in the factory farming workshop.
Fed with similar diets 500 juveniles of panther grouper（Cromileptes altivelis） with the total length of（13.50 ±0.88）cm and the weight of（31.78 ±7.73）g were farmed each in the factory-farming water-flowing workshop and the pond cage for 1 year. One year after farming the panther grouper grew（25. 71 ±1. 65）cm long and weighed（260. 05 ±45. 99） g each in the factory farming workshop,and（26. 89 ±1. 90） cm in length and（330 ±44.91）g in weight each in the pond cage. It is concluded that the panther grouper grew faster in the pond cage than in the factory farming workshop.
2014, 5(2): 136-141,146.
doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.2014.02.010
Abstract:
57 isolates of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense Race 1（FOC Race 1） were collected from the 29 cities of Hainan,Guangdong,Fujian,Yunnan and Guangxi provinces and then inoculated onto tissue cultured plants of banana Fenjiao（Musa spp. ABB） by using root scratching inoculation method for assessment of their pathogenicity. The results showed that these isolates gave obviously differentiated pathogenicity,of which 32 isolates were highly pathogenic,23 isolates moderately pathogenic and 2 isolates weakly pathogenic,making up56. 14%,40. 35% and 3. 51% of the total isolates,respectively. The highly pathogenic isolates can be used as dominant ones for breeding of banana varieties tolerant to FOC Race 1.
57 isolates of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense Race 1（FOC Race 1） were collected from the 29 cities of Hainan,Guangdong,Fujian,Yunnan and Guangxi provinces and then inoculated onto tissue cultured plants of banana Fenjiao（Musa spp. ABB） by using root scratching inoculation method for assessment of their pathogenicity. The results showed that these isolates gave obviously differentiated pathogenicity,of which 32 isolates were highly pathogenic,23 isolates moderately pathogenic and 2 isolates weakly pathogenic,making up56. 14%,40. 35% and 3. 51% of the total isolates,respectively. The highly pathogenic isolates can be used as dominant ones for breeding of banana varieties tolerant to FOC Race 1.
2014, 5(2): 142-146.
doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.2014.02.008
Abstract:
Porous starch xanthate was modified with silane coupling agent KH-570,and then blended with natural rubber latex to prepare the porous starch xanthate / natural rubber latex film. The structure and properties of the resulted composite film,porous starch xanthate / natural rubber latex composite film,were investigated. The results showed that the composite film improved its thermal stability and solvent resistance,reduced its water resistance,and slightly changed its glass transition temperature. Loaded with KH-570 the blended film enhanced its stress,tear strength and tensile strength and exhibited optimum mechanical properties when the loading rate of KH-570 was 3% of the porous starch xanthate.
Porous starch xanthate was modified with silane coupling agent KH-570,and then blended with natural rubber latex to prepare the porous starch xanthate / natural rubber latex film. The structure and properties of the resulted composite film,porous starch xanthate / natural rubber latex composite film,were investigated. The results showed that the composite film improved its thermal stability and solvent resistance,reduced its water resistance,and slightly changed its glass transition temperature. Loaded with KH-570 the blended film enhanced its stress,tear strength and tensile strength and exhibited optimum mechanical properties when the loading rate of KH-570 was 3% of the porous starch xanthate.
2014, 5(2): 147-152.
doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.2014.02.013
Abstract:
Three representative plots in a Leucaena leucocephala plantation mixed with other indigenous tree species at the dry hot valley in Yuanmou,Yunnan Province were selected to observe the rainfall interception in the plantation through canopy,litter,soil and surface runoff. The canopy of the plantation was found to intercept8. 1 mm of rainfall at maximum and a mean of 4. 5 mm with the maximum rainfall interception rate of 56. 1 %and a mean of 32. 6 %. When the rainfall was over 20 mm the rainfall interception rate descended rapidly with the increase in rainfall. The litter had a maximum water-holding content of 8. 1- 20. 3 t·hm- 2,and a mean of12. 5 t·hm- 2,and the maximum was over two times more than the litter dry weight. The litter intercepted150. 2 mm of rainfall,or 24. 48 % of the total rainfall. The maximum water-holding capacity was upto 2 198. 5t·hm- 2in the soil but 1 825. 6 t·hm- 2in the barren land. The rainfall intercepted by soil was 219. 9 mm,accounting for 35. 82 % of the total rainfall. The surface runoff in the L. leucocephala plantation was 43. 4 mm,accounting for 7. 07 % the total rainfall,while the surface runoff in the bare land was 413. 2 mm,accounting for70. 24 % of the total rainfall. The surface runoff was 63. 19 % lower in the plantation than in the barren land.This indicates that the planted forest community effectively reduces soil erosion due to efficient rainfall interception and hence has a good hydrological effect.
Three representative plots in a Leucaena leucocephala plantation mixed with other indigenous tree species at the dry hot valley in Yuanmou,Yunnan Province were selected to observe the rainfall interception in the plantation through canopy,litter,soil and surface runoff. The canopy of the plantation was found to intercept8. 1 mm of rainfall at maximum and a mean of 4. 5 mm with the maximum rainfall interception rate of 56. 1 %and a mean of 32. 6 %. When the rainfall was over 20 mm the rainfall interception rate descended rapidly with the increase in rainfall. The litter had a maximum water-holding content of 8. 1- 20. 3 t·hm- 2,and a mean of12. 5 t·hm- 2,and the maximum was over two times more than the litter dry weight. The litter intercepted150. 2 mm of rainfall,or 24. 48 % of the total rainfall. The maximum water-holding capacity was upto 2 198. 5t·hm- 2in the soil but 1 825. 6 t·hm- 2in the barren land. The rainfall intercepted by soil was 219. 9 mm,accounting for 35. 82 % of the total rainfall. The surface runoff in the L. leucocephala plantation was 43. 4 mm,accounting for 7. 07 % the total rainfall,while the surface runoff in the bare land was 413. 2 mm,accounting for70. 24 % of the total rainfall. The surface runoff was 63. 19 % lower in the plantation than in the barren land.This indicates that the planted forest community effectively reduces soil erosion due to efficient rainfall interception and hence has a good hydrological effect.
2014, 5(2): 153-161.
doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.2014.02.009
Abstract:
Litter trap was used to collect litters in different types of forests in Hainan Island for one year starting from November 2012 to December 2013 to analyse and compare the litter production,composition and seasonal dynamics as well as its influencing factors. The annual litter production and composition were found different in different types of forests,and the annual litter production decreased in the order of the shrubbery（5. 305 t·hm- 2） ＞Monsoon elfin forest（5.636 t·hm- 2） ＞ Pinus latteri forest（5.403 t·hm- 2） ＞ Montane cloud forest（5.305 t·hm- 2） ＞Montane rainforest（3.753 ·hm- 2）. The coastal forests had higher annual litter production than the forests in the central mountainous areas,which might be the result of Typhoon. The Pinus latteri forest had the highest proportion of leaf litter（72. 26%）,the Montane cloud forest had the highest proportion of branch litter（30. 42%）,and the shrubbery had the highest proportion of fruit litter（17. 18%）. The seasonal dynamics of the litter production were different in different types of forests. A bimodal curve described the seasonal dynamic of the annual litter production in the shrubbery and monsoon elfin forest,and the peaks occurred in spring and autumn; the leaf litter production has a bimodal seasonal curve in the shrubbery,but has a unimodal seasonal curve in the monsoon elfin since it exhibited a single peak only in autumn. The branch litter production exhibited a unimodal seasonal curve in all types of forests except in the montane rainforest where the branch litter production had a seasonal bimodal seasonal curve. The fruit litter showed a unimodal seasonal curve in all the types of forests except in the shrubbery where the fruit litter production had a bimodal seasonal curve.The annual litter production and its composition were not significantly correlated with the stand characteristics in the shrubbery,and the leaf litter production and the annual litter production exhibited a significant correlation（P ＜0.05） with the stand density in the monsoon elfin forest. The annual litter production and its composition failed to show significant relationship with the terrain factor in the same types of forests in Tongguling mountain.
Litter trap was used to collect litters in different types of forests in Hainan Island for one year starting from November 2012 to December 2013 to analyse and compare the litter production,composition and seasonal dynamics as well as its influencing factors. The annual litter production and composition were found different in different types of forests,and the annual litter production decreased in the order of the shrubbery（5. 305 t·hm- 2） ＞Monsoon elfin forest（5.636 t·hm- 2） ＞ Pinus latteri forest（5.403 t·hm- 2） ＞ Montane cloud forest（5.305 t·hm- 2） ＞Montane rainforest（3.753 ·hm- 2）. The coastal forests had higher annual litter production than the forests in the central mountainous areas,which might be the result of Typhoon. The Pinus latteri forest had the highest proportion of leaf litter（72. 26%）,the Montane cloud forest had the highest proportion of branch litter（30. 42%）,and the shrubbery had the highest proportion of fruit litter（17. 18%）. The seasonal dynamics of the litter production were different in different types of forests. A bimodal curve described the seasonal dynamic of the annual litter production in the shrubbery and monsoon elfin forest,and the peaks occurred in spring and autumn; the leaf litter production has a bimodal seasonal curve in the shrubbery,but has a unimodal seasonal curve in the monsoon elfin since it exhibited a single peak only in autumn. The branch litter production exhibited a unimodal seasonal curve in all types of forests except in the montane rainforest where the branch litter production had a seasonal bimodal seasonal curve. The fruit litter showed a unimodal seasonal curve in all the types of forests except in the shrubbery where the fruit litter production had a bimodal seasonal curve.The annual litter production and its composition were not significantly correlated with the stand characteristics in the shrubbery,and the leaf litter production and the annual litter production exhibited a significant correlation（P ＜0.05） with the stand density in the monsoon elfin forest. The annual litter production and its composition failed to show significant relationship with the terrain factor in the same types of forests in Tongguling mountain.
2014, 5(2): 162-165,161.
doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.2014.02.014
Abstract:
Tissue sectioning and staining are basic technologies for dissecting plant tissue and organic structure.Rubber trees（Hevea brasiliensis Müll. Arg.） are the most important commercial source of natural rubber,and they produce and store latex in laticifers in the bark. Paraffin section stained with I- Br is usually used for observation of laticifer under light microscopy. The procedures of this method are complicated and time-consuming.Therefore,a technology for tissue section with tissue embedded in epoxy resin without using I- Br staining is introduced for laticifer observation under light microscopy,including fixation,dehydration,infiltration,embedding,polymerization,sectioning,staining,and mounting. Laticifer,xylem,cambium,vessel,phloemray radial,primary phloem ray fiber,cortex,and epidermis were well distinguished on the epoxy resin-embedded tissue sections by using 3 different stains. Furthermore,numerous cells and their inclusions that were scarcely observed in paraffin section,such as tannin,chloroplast,etc were also observed on the tissues embedded in epoxy resin. This technology is an improvement in paraffin-embedded tissue section under light microscopy for the bark of the rubber tree.
Tissue sectioning and staining are basic technologies for dissecting plant tissue and organic structure.Rubber trees（Hevea brasiliensis Müll. Arg.） are the most important commercial source of natural rubber,and they produce and store latex in laticifers in the bark. Paraffin section stained with I- Br is usually used for observation of laticifer under light microscopy. The procedures of this method are complicated and time-consuming.Therefore,a technology for tissue section with tissue embedded in epoxy resin without using I- Br staining is introduced for laticifer observation under light microscopy,including fixation,dehydration,infiltration,embedding,polymerization,sectioning,staining,and mounting. Laticifer,xylem,cambium,vessel,phloemray radial,primary phloem ray fiber,cortex,and epidermis were well distinguished on the epoxy resin-embedded tissue sections by using 3 different stains. Furthermore,numerous cells and their inclusions that were scarcely observed in paraffin section,such as tannin,chloroplast,etc were also observed on the tissues embedded in epoxy resin. This technology is an improvement in paraffin-embedded tissue section under light microscopy for the bark of the rubber tree.
2014, 5(2): 166-169.
doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.2014.02.003
Abstract:
The polysaccharides from cassia seeds（seeds of Cassia obtusifolia or C. tora） were analyzed by using fingerprint infrared spectrometry. A model for infrared fingerprint spectra of polysaccharides from 10 batches of cassia seeds collected in Jiangxi was established and standardized with a similarity ranging from 0. 935 to 0. 998.With this model the cassia seeds polysaccharide from unknown source was evaluated,and the similarity was merely 0. 782. Furthermore,11 co-existing peaks were chosen from the IR fingerprints of the polysaccharides from 10 batches of cassia seeds collected in Jiangxi and resorted to principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis. The results showed that the cassia seeds from the unknown source was different from those collected in Jiangxi and was in a different category. The fingerprinting method and principle component analysis could be applied to supervise the quality of the products or raw materials that have bioactive components of polysaccharides.
The polysaccharides from cassia seeds（seeds of Cassia obtusifolia or C. tora） were analyzed by using fingerprint infrared spectrometry. A model for infrared fingerprint spectra of polysaccharides from 10 batches of cassia seeds collected in Jiangxi was established and standardized with a similarity ranging from 0. 935 to 0. 998.With this model the cassia seeds polysaccharide from unknown source was evaluated,and the similarity was merely 0. 782. Furthermore,11 co-existing peaks were chosen from the IR fingerprints of the polysaccharides from 10 batches of cassia seeds collected in Jiangxi and resorted to principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis. The results showed that the cassia seeds from the unknown source was different from those collected in Jiangxi and was in a different category. The fingerprinting method and principle component analysis could be applied to supervise the quality of the products or raw materials that have bioactive components of polysaccharides.
2014, 5(2): 170-173.
doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.2014.02.004
Abstract:
Neutral and acidic polysaccharides were separated and prepared from Chinese herbal concentrates using the CTAB precipitation method and were then analyzed quantitatively. The results show that the monosaccharide composition of the polysaccharides in the Chinese herb concentrates are mannose,ribose,rhamnose,glucuronic acid,galactose,xylose,arabinose with molar percentages of 19. 6,1. 0,0. 9,2. 4,60. 1,7. 3,6. 1and 2. 5 respectively. Determined by using the phenol-sulfuric acid method the neutral polysaccharides varied from 54. 3% to 67. 8% of the total polysaccharides,and the acid polysaccharides did from 5. 9% 11. 8%. This detection method can be used as a reference for rapid classification of polysaccharides.
Neutral and acidic polysaccharides were separated and prepared from Chinese herbal concentrates using the CTAB precipitation method and were then analyzed quantitatively. The results show that the monosaccharide composition of the polysaccharides in the Chinese herb concentrates are mannose,ribose,rhamnose,glucuronic acid,galactose,xylose,arabinose with molar percentages of 19. 6,1. 0,0. 9,2. 4,60. 1,7. 3,6. 1and 2. 5 respectively. Determined by using the phenol-sulfuric acid method the neutral polysaccharides varied from 54. 3% to 67. 8% of the total polysaccharides,and the acid polysaccharides did from 5. 9% 11. 8%. This detection method can be used as a reference for rapid classification of polysaccharides.
2014, 5(2): 174-178.
doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.2014.02.017
Abstract:
Chorionic villi tissues from 50 cases of missed abortions were sampled and cultured to improve methods for tissue culture and chromosome preparation and to analyze the relationship between the chromosome change and the missed abortion. All the samples are divided into both control and experiment groups each. They were cultured for 5 10 days after trypsin digestion. The cells from the chorionic villi tissues in the control group were harvested by using the conventional method,while the cells in the experiment group were then subcultured and harvested by using a modified method. The cells from these two groups were analysed by G-banding after their chromosomes were prepared,and their mitotic indexes were calculated and compared. The results showed that the harvesting method in the experiment group is simple and easy to operate and produces higher mitotic indexes and better chromosome morphology and dispersion than the conventional method in the control group. Analysis of the chorionic villi from these 50 cases of missed abortions showed that 14 cases are of autosomal anomalies,8 cases of sex chromosome abnormalities,3 cases of chromosomal structural abnormality,1 case of triploid,and 24 cases of normal karyotypes.
Chorionic villi tissues from 50 cases of missed abortions were sampled and cultured to improve methods for tissue culture and chromosome preparation and to analyze the relationship between the chromosome change and the missed abortion. All the samples are divided into both control and experiment groups each. They were cultured for 5 10 days after trypsin digestion. The cells from the chorionic villi tissues in the control group were harvested by using the conventional method,while the cells in the experiment group were then subcultured and harvested by using a modified method. The cells from these two groups were analysed by G-banding after their chromosomes were prepared,and their mitotic indexes were calculated and compared. The results showed that the harvesting method in the experiment group is simple and easy to operate and produces higher mitotic indexes and better chromosome morphology and dispersion than the conventional method in the control group. Analysis of the chorionic villi from these 50 cases of missed abortions showed that 14 cases are of autosomal anomalies,8 cases of sex chromosome abnormalities,3 cases of chromosomal structural abnormality,1 case of triploid,and 24 cases of normal karyotypes.
2014, 5(2): 179-181.
doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.2014.02.018
Abstract:
Hypoglycemic activity of main constituents and extracts of different parts of the plant lesser galangal（Alpinia officinarum Hance） were determined using inhibitory assay of α-glucosidase. The results indicated that ethanol extracts of the rhizome,flowers,fruits and leaves of A. officinarum and its main ingredients galangin,kaempferol,isorhamnetin and quercetin all produced obviously higher inhibitory activities against α-glucosidase than the positive control acarbose. Hypoglycemic activities of flowers,fruits and leaves of A. officinarum were first reported,which provides basis for the study and development of the waste material in the harvest of A. officinarum.
Hypoglycemic activity of main constituents and extracts of different parts of the plant lesser galangal（Alpinia officinarum Hance） were determined using inhibitory assay of α-glucosidase. The results indicated that ethanol extracts of the rhizome,flowers,fruits and leaves of A. officinarum and its main ingredients galangin,kaempferol,isorhamnetin and quercetin all produced obviously higher inhibitory activities against α-glucosidase than the positive control acarbose. Hypoglycemic activities of flowers,fruits and leaves of A. officinarum were first reported,which provides basis for the study and development of the waste material in the harvest of A. officinarum.
2014, 5(2): 182-187.
doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.2014.02.005
Abstract:
The volatile oil extracted from Alpinia officinarum growing in 12 localities of Hainan was analyzed by using GC-MS fingerprinting,and 20 characteristic peaks selected from the GC-MS fingerprints were evaluated in terms of similarity. The results showed that the volatile oil extracted from A. officinarum sampled from different localities in Hainan had similar quality. The yield and main constituents of the volatile oil extracted from A. officinarum in different localities of Hainan were compared with those in Xuwen,Guangdong at similar ages and harvest time,and no significant difference was observed. Moreover,the GC-MS fingerprints of the volatile oil extracted from A. officinarum in Hainan shared a 0. 956 similarity with those in Guangdong. Therefore,the volatile oil extracted from A. officinarum growing in Hainan can be a substitute for that in Xuwen,Guangdong in food and spice.
The volatile oil extracted from Alpinia officinarum growing in 12 localities of Hainan was analyzed by using GC-MS fingerprinting,and 20 characteristic peaks selected from the GC-MS fingerprints were evaluated in terms of similarity. The results showed that the volatile oil extracted from A. officinarum sampled from different localities in Hainan had similar quality. The yield and main constituents of the volatile oil extracted from A. officinarum in different localities of Hainan were compared with those in Xuwen,Guangdong at similar ages and harvest time,and no significant difference was observed. Moreover,the GC-MS fingerprints of the volatile oil extracted from A. officinarum in Hainan shared a 0. 956 similarity with those in Guangdong. Therefore,the volatile oil extracted from A. officinarum growing in Hainan can be a substitute for that in Xuwen,Guangdong in food and spice.
2014, 5(2): 188-193.
doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.2014.02.006
Abstract:
A HPLC analysis method for active constituents of Alpinia officinarum Hance such as quercetin,isorhamnetin,galangin and kaempferol was established,and a quantitative analysis of these active constituents of A.officinarum from different localities was also performed. The results showed that A. officinarum collected from numerous localities in Hainan Province had higher content of quercetin,isorhamnetin,galangin and kaempferol than that from Xuwen,Guangdong Province,and that the content of galangin met the standard listed in China’s Pharmacopoeia.
A HPLC analysis method for active constituents of Alpinia officinarum Hance such as quercetin,isorhamnetin,galangin and kaempferol was established,and a quantitative analysis of these active constituents of A.officinarum from different localities was also performed. The results showed that A. officinarum collected from numerous localities in Hainan Province had higher content of quercetin,isorhamnetin,galangin and kaempferol than that from Xuwen,Guangdong Province,and that the content of galangin met the standard listed in China’s Pharmacopoeia.
2014, 5(2): 194-198.
doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.2014.02.007
Abstract:
The quantitative analysis of chemical constituents quercetin,isorhamnetin,galangin and kaempferol of flowers and fruits of Alpiniae officinarum in different localities of Hainan Province was performed with HPLC,and their antimicrobial activities against Canidia albicans,Staphyloccocus aureus and Ralstonia solanacearum were assayed by the filter paper agar diffusion method. The results showed that the flowers of A. officinarum only contained quercetin while the fruits contained quercetin,galangin and kaempferol. The extracts of the flowers and fruits of A. officinarum both had an inhibitory effect on the growth of S. aureus,C. albican and R. solanacearum.
The quantitative analysis of chemical constituents quercetin,isorhamnetin,galangin and kaempferol of flowers and fruits of Alpiniae officinarum in different localities of Hainan Province was performed with HPLC,and their antimicrobial activities against Canidia albicans,Staphyloccocus aureus and Ralstonia solanacearum were assayed by the filter paper agar diffusion method. The results showed that the flowers of A. officinarum only contained quercetin while the fruits contained quercetin,galangin and kaempferol. The extracts of the flowers and fruits of A. officinarum both had an inhibitory effect on the growth of S. aureus,C. albican and R. solanacearum.
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