2014 Vol. 5, No. 3
2014, 5(3): 199-207.
doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.2014.03.001
Abstract
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Abstract:
Three Vibro alginolyticus strains（ ZJ-51,E324 and E381） with phase variation were selected to conduct seawater long-term starvation experiments to study viable bacteria density at different periods,colony morphology observation under optical microscope,cell morphology observation under scanning electron microscope（ SEM） and the virulence to Artemia salina between the fresh and the starved. There are three phases according to bacteria activity undergoing long-term starvation. The cultured bacteria activities increased and peaked during the early period（ 1~5 d）,and the colonial morphologies did not show significant changes. During the middle phase of starvation（ 5~40 d）,cultured bacterial cells decreased dramatically,and part of colonial movement rings shrunk. After about 41 d starvation,the populations entered into a long-term stationary phase and the cultured bacteria density maintained at 103~104 cfu·m L-1. Viable bacteria,with tiny colonies formed on the LA agar plates,remained at about 103cfu·m L-1after 500 d starvation. Under SEM a large portion of cells changed from short rod shape to coccus shape,and a small portion of cells displayed long rod shape or produced flocs.The results of virulence to A. salina show that after being starved for 500 d,the cells of V. alginolyticus decreased half of their lethality as compared to the normal cells. These results provide important clues for the survival strategy of V. alginolyticus in the oligotrophic seawater environment.
Three Vibro alginolyticus strains（ ZJ-51,E324 and E381） with phase variation were selected to conduct seawater long-term starvation experiments to study viable bacteria density at different periods,colony morphology observation under optical microscope,cell morphology observation under scanning electron microscope（ SEM） and the virulence to Artemia salina between the fresh and the starved. There are three phases according to bacteria activity undergoing long-term starvation. The cultured bacteria activities increased and peaked during the early period（ 1~5 d）,and the colonial morphologies did not show significant changes. During the middle phase of starvation（ 5~40 d）,cultured bacterial cells decreased dramatically,and part of colonial movement rings shrunk. After about 41 d starvation,the populations entered into a long-term stationary phase and the cultured bacteria density maintained at 103~104 cfu·m L-1. Viable bacteria,with tiny colonies formed on the LA agar plates,remained at about 103cfu·m L-1after 500 d starvation. Under SEM a large portion of cells changed from short rod shape to coccus shape,and a small portion of cells displayed long rod shape or produced flocs.The results of virulence to A. salina show that after being starved for 500 d,the cells of V. alginolyticus decreased half of their lethality as compared to the normal cells. These results provide important clues for the survival strategy of V. alginolyticus in the oligotrophic seawater environment.
2014, 5(3): 208-219.
doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.2014.03.002
Abstract:
The six-months-old Macrobrachium rosenbergii with different clamp colors and sex,i. e. male shrimps with dark blue clamp（ MB）,female shrimps with dark blue clamp（ FB）,male shrimps with light yellow clamp（ MY）,female shrimps with light yellow clamp（ FY）,were collected to measure their 22 morphometric traits.The effects of the morphometric traits on body weight were analyzed by path analysis,and the resulted correlation coefficients,path coefficients and determination coefficients were put for multiple aggression analysis. The results showed that the morphometric traits,i. e. six traits of FB group,eight traits of MB group,seven traits of FY group and six traits of MY group were highly significantly correlated with the correlation coefficients of the body weight（ P ＜ 0. 01）. Considering the correlation coefficients,path coefficients and readiness of traits measurement it is believed that the first abdominal segment width should be the first target trait for breeding of FB and that the body length be the first target trait for breeding of MB,MY and FY.
The six-months-old Macrobrachium rosenbergii with different clamp colors and sex,i. e. male shrimps with dark blue clamp（ MB）,female shrimps with dark blue clamp（ FB）,male shrimps with light yellow clamp（ MY）,female shrimps with light yellow clamp（ FY）,were collected to measure their 22 morphometric traits.The effects of the morphometric traits on body weight were analyzed by path analysis,and the resulted correlation coefficients,path coefficients and determination coefficients were put for multiple aggression analysis. The results showed that the morphometric traits,i. e. six traits of FB group,eight traits of MB group,seven traits of FY group and six traits of MY group were highly significantly correlated with the correlation coefficients of the body weight（ P ＜ 0. 01）. Considering the correlation coefficients,path coefficients and readiness of traits measurement it is believed that the first abdominal segment width should be the first target trait for breeding of FB and that the body length be the first target trait for breeding of MB,MY and FY.
2014, 5(3): 220-227.
doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.2014.03.003
Abstract:
Marine shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei inoculated with WSSV（ white spot syndrome virus） and cultured in graduate and acute changes of ammonia nitrogen concentrations to observe WSSV proliferation in L. vannamei.The ammonia nitrogen in the acute changes from the initial concentration 0. 05 mg·L-1to 1. 25 mg·L-1and 3. 0mg·L-1produced a significant effect（ P ＜ 0. 05） on the mortality of L. vannamei and the virus proliferation in L. vannamei. The shrimps treated with ammonia nitrogen at an acute change of concentrations of 0. 05 mg ·L-1,1. 25 mg·L-1and 3. 0 mg·L-1followed by inoculation of WSSV showed respective cumulative mortality rates of 25. 6%,34. 4% and 48. 9%,respectively with the maximum virus contents of 9. 59×105,5. 75×106 and 1. 62×106copy·g-1. However,the shrimps inoculated with WSSV prior to acute change of the ammonia nitrogen concentrations had the cumulative mortality rates of 30%,38. 9% and 48. 9%,respectively,with the maximum virus contents of 9. 59×105,9. 58×105 and 4. 94×106 copy · g-1. Every group in the graduate change of ammonia nitrogen had a lower mortality of the shrimps at 24 h but started to show significant difference in mortality at 48 h（ P ＜ 0. 05）. The shrimps inoculated with WSSV after treated with graduate change of ammonia nitrogen concentrations of 0. 05 mg·L-1,1. 25 mg·L-1and 3. 0 mg·L-1showed the cumulative mortality rates of 28. 9%,30. 0% and 45. 6%,respectively with the largest virus contents being 9. 59×105,4. 48×106 and 1. 86×106copy·g-1. The shrimps inoculated with WSSV before treated with the ammonia nitrogen at a graduate change of concentration displayed cumulative mortality rates of 25. 6%,33. 3% and 45. 6%,respectively,with the largest virus contents being 9. 59×105,8. 58×105 and 6. 55×106copy·g-1. These results showed that the WSSV carrying shrimps are likely easy to change from latent to acute infection when the ammonia nitrogen concentration is changed more rapidly in culture of the shrimps. It is hence of paramount importance to control the ammonia nitrogen content in water at a low concentration level to prevent the outbreak of WSS.
Marine shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei inoculated with WSSV（ white spot syndrome virus） and cultured in graduate and acute changes of ammonia nitrogen concentrations to observe WSSV proliferation in L. vannamei.The ammonia nitrogen in the acute changes from the initial concentration 0. 05 mg·L-1to 1. 25 mg·L-1and 3. 0mg·L-1produced a significant effect（ P ＜ 0. 05） on the mortality of L. vannamei and the virus proliferation in L. vannamei. The shrimps treated with ammonia nitrogen at an acute change of concentrations of 0. 05 mg ·L-1,1. 25 mg·L-1and 3. 0 mg·L-1followed by inoculation of WSSV showed respective cumulative mortality rates of 25. 6%,34. 4% and 48. 9%,respectively with the maximum virus contents of 9. 59×105,5. 75×106 and 1. 62×106copy·g-1. However,the shrimps inoculated with WSSV prior to acute change of the ammonia nitrogen concentrations had the cumulative mortality rates of 30%,38. 9% and 48. 9%,respectively,with the maximum virus contents of 9. 59×105,9. 58×105 and 4. 94×106 copy · g-1. Every group in the graduate change of ammonia nitrogen had a lower mortality of the shrimps at 24 h but started to show significant difference in mortality at 48 h（ P ＜ 0. 05）. The shrimps inoculated with WSSV after treated with graduate change of ammonia nitrogen concentrations of 0. 05 mg·L-1,1. 25 mg·L-1and 3. 0 mg·L-1showed the cumulative mortality rates of 28. 9%,30. 0% and 45. 6%,respectively with the largest virus contents being 9. 59×105,4. 48×106 and 1. 86×106copy·g-1. The shrimps inoculated with WSSV before treated with the ammonia nitrogen at a graduate change of concentration displayed cumulative mortality rates of 25. 6%,33. 3% and 45. 6%,respectively,with the largest virus contents being 9. 59×105,8. 58×105 and 6. 55×106copy·g-1. These results showed that the WSSV carrying shrimps are likely easy to change from latent to acute infection when the ammonia nitrogen concentration is changed more rapidly in culture of the shrimps. It is hence of paramount importance to control the ammonia nitrogen content in water at a low concentration level to prevent the outbreak of WSS.
2014, 5(3): 228-232.
doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.2014.03.004
Abstract:
Two microalgae,Isochrysis sp. HN and Amphora sp. BQW,were isolated from coastal seawater in Hainan and cultured with juvenile shrimp aquaculture wastewater. Results showed that both strains grew well in shrimp breeding wastewater. The relative growth rate of Amphora sp. BQW cultured in shrimp breeding wastewater was 3. 53 times higher than that of Isochrysis sp. HN. After 8 days of culture,Isochrysis sp. HN and Amphora sp. BQW removed the total phosphorus in the waste water by 30. 9% and 70. 9%,the total nitrogen by1. 0 % and 28. 7% and the nitrate nitrogen by 72. 0 % and 85. 7%,respectively. However,nitrite nitrogen concentration in the wastewater was not significantly removed after the waste water was treated with the microalgae,and the ammonia nitrogen concentration in the waste water increased obviously after the treatment.
Two microalgae,Isochrysis sp. HN and Amphora sp. BQW,were isolated from coastal seawater in Hainan and cultured with juvenile shrimp aquaculture wastewater. Results showed that both strains grew well in shrimp breeding wastewater. The relative growth rate of Amphora sp. BQW cultured in shrimp breeding wastewater was 3. 53 times higher than that of Isochrysis sp. HN. After 8 days of culture,Isochrysis sp. HN and Amphora sp. BQW removed the total phosphorus in the waste water by 30. 9% and 70. 9%,the total nitrogen by1. 0 % and 28. 7% and the nitrate nitrogen by 72. 0 % and 85. 7%,respectively. However,nitrite nitrogen concentration in the wastewater was not significantly removed after the waste water was treated with the microalgae,and the ammonia nitrogen concentration in the waste water increased obviously after the treatment.
2014, 5(3): 233-238.
doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.2014.03.005
Abstract:
Abstrat: RNA interference（ RNAi） technology is one of the important methods for studying gene function,but it is not widely used in filamentous fungi. The RNAi binary vector p Silent-CgE6-FR was constructed based on the principle of RNAi technology to investigate the function of effector gene CgE6 in Colletotrichum gloeosporioides from Hevea brasiliensis. Transformation was done by using the PEG mediated method,and CgE6 RNAi transformants were screened on culture medium with hygromycin. Seven transformants randomly selected were identified resistant at a molecular level. The results of PCR amplification for hygromycin gene were positive,and the semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis demonstrated that the transformants had a lower expression of CgE6 but at different levels than those of the wild type strain,of which the transformants 2 and 7 showed a minimum expression of CgE6. All these data showed that CgE6 RNAi mutants were successfully constructed,which would help to further study the functions of CgE6.
Abstrat: RNA interference（ RNAi） technology is one of the important methods for studying gene function,but it is not widely used in filamentous fungi. The RNAi binary vector p Silent-CgE6-FR was constructed based on the principle of RNAi technology to investigate the function of effector gene CgE6 in Colletotrichum gloeosporioides from Hevea brasiliensis. Transformation was done by using the PEG mediated method,and CgE6 RNAi transformants were screened on culture medium with hygromycin. Seven transformants randomly selected were identified resistant at a molecular level. The results of PCR amplification for hygromycin gene were positive,and the semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis demonstrated that the transformants had a lower expression of CgE6 but at different levels than those of the wild type strain,of which the transformants 2 and 7 showed a minimum expression of CgE6. All these data showed that CgE6 RNAi mutants were successfully constructed,which would help to further study the functions of CgE6.
Antagonistic Effects of Crude Extracts from Four Alliaceae Plants on Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.cubense
2014, 5(3): 239-243.
doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.2014.03.006
Abstract:
Four Alliaceae plants including Chinese chives（ Allium tuberosum）,garlic（ Allium sativum）,green Chinese onion（ Allium fistulosum）,and onion（ Allium cepa） were selected and extracted for antagonistic experiments to observe the antagonistic activities of their crude extracts against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense tropical race 4（ Foc TR4）. These crude extracts were isolated and sterilized by using the high temperature and the bacteria- proof filter methods,respectively. The crude extracts sterilized by the bacteria- proof filter method were found to have obviously higher inhibition of the Foc TR4 than those by the high temperature method. The crude extract from Chinese chives showed the best inhibitory effect on the Foc TR4,followed by those from garlic and green Chinese onion,and they all showed inhibitory effect on the Foc TR4 at a very significant level as against the control. However,the crude extract from onion showed no significant inhibitory effect on the Foc TR4.
Four Alliaceae plants including Chinese chives（ Allium tuberosum）,garlic（ Allium sativum）,green Chinese onion（ Allium fistulosum）,and onion（ Allium cepa） were selected and extracted for antagonistic experiments to observe the antagonistic activities of their crude extracts against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense tropical race 4（ Foc TR4）. These crude extracts were isolated and sterilized by using the high temperature and the bacteria- proof filter methods,respectively. The crude extracts sterilized by the bacteria- proof filter method were found to have obviously higher inhibition of the Foc TR4 than those by the high temperature method. The crude extract from Chinese chives showed the best inhibitory effect on the Foc TR4,followed by those from garlic and green Chinese onion,and they all showed inhibitory effect on the Foc TR4 at a very significant level as against the control. However,the crude extract from onion showed no significant inhibitory effect on the Foc TR4.
2014, 5(3): 244-248,259.
doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.2014.03.007
Abstract:
Antimicrobial activities of 14 fungicides were tested against Colletotrichum dematium by using the mycelia growth rate method,and the fungicides with an inhibition rate of 90% or more were tested in toxicity indoor and then in the field.Four fungicides,ie.Tebuconazole,flusilazole-prochloraz chloride complex,Prochloraz,Difenoconazole gave high antimicrobial effects,and their EC50 values were 0.799,3.567,55.47 and 370.34 mg·L-1,respectively.The field tests showed that Tebuconazole and flusilazole-prochloraz had a control efficacy of ＞ 70%against the anthracnose of Sarcandra glabra when diluted at 1:3000—4000 and 1:1000—2000,respectively,indicating that these two fungicides have a better control efficacy against the anthracnose of Sarcandra glabra caused by Colletotrichum dematium,and can be released for commercial extension to control this disease.
Antimicrobial activities of 14 fungicides were tested against Colletotrichum dematium by using the mycelia growth rate method,and the fungicides with an inhibition rate of 90% or more were tested in toxicity indoor and then in the field.Four fungicides,ie.Tebuconazole,flusilazole-prochloraz chloride complex,Prochloraz,Difenoconazole gave high antimicrobial effects,and their EC50 values were 0.799,3.567,55.47 and 370.34 mg·L-1,respectively.The field tests showed that Tebuconazole and flusilazole-prochloraz had a control efficacy of ＞ 70%against the anthracnose of Sarcandra glabra when diluted at 1:3000—4000 and 1:1000—2000,respectively,indicating that these two fungicides have a better control efficacy against the anthracnose of Sarcandra glabra caused by Colletotrichum dematium,and can be released for commercial extension to control this disease.
2014, 5(3): 249-252.
doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.2014.03.008
Abstract:
Field experiments were conducted to control tomato root-knot nematode（ Meloidogyne incognita） in the field by applying 98% dazomet MG at three rates,300 kg·hm-2,375 kg·hm-2 and 450 kg·hm-2,and the controlling effect was evaluated based on the number of 2ndinstar larvae in the soil and the root knot index.The 2ndinstar larvae number of the tomato root-knot nematodes was reduced by 91.74% and 82.80% in the soil treated with dazomet at 450 kg·hm-2 at 30 and 60 days,respectively,and by 73.81% in the soil treated with dazomet at 375 kg·hm-2 after 60 days,which shows that dazomet has better controlling effect and long persistence.At the end of harvesting,the treatments with dazomet at these three rates had a controlling effect of above75%,the highest 86.14%,showing the dazomet has a good control of tomato root knots.The application of dazomet into the soil at the rate of 375—450 kg·hm-2 is recommended.Dazomet should be applied selectively at a given rate based on the application method and environmental factors in line with the field conditions.
Field experiments were conducted to control tomato root-knot nematode（ Meloidogyne incognita） in the field by applying 98% dazomet MG at three rates,300 kg·hm-2,375 kg·hm-2 and 450 kg·hm-2,and the controlling effect was evaluated based on the number of 2ndinstar larvae in the soil and the root knot index.The 2ndinstar larvae number of the tomato root-knot nematodes was reduced by 91.74% and 82.80% in the soil treated with dazomet at 450 kg·hm-2 at 30 and 60 days,respectively,and by 73.81% in the soil treated with dazomet at 375 kg·hm-2 after 60 days,which shows that dazomet has better controlling effect and long persistence.At the end of harvesting,the treatments with dazomet at these three rates had a controlling effect of above75%,the highest 86.14%,showing the dazomet has a good control of tomato root knots.The application of dazomet into the soil at the rate of 375—450 kg·hm-2 is recommended.Dazomet should be applied selectively at a given rate based on the application method and environmental factors in line with the field conditions.
2014, 5(3): 253-259.
doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.2014.03.009
Abstract:
Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner strain A322 with higher activity against Helicoverpa armigera Hubner screened indoor was cultured on media through single-factor and orthogonal experiment to optimize cultural medium based on the optimization standard of OD600 of the fermented liquid of B. thuringiensis at the late logarithmic phase. The optimum medium is 0. 5% soybean meal,0. 5% yeast extract,0. 5% glucose,0. 5% tryptone,0. 2% calcium carbonate,0. 1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate,and 0. 1% magnesium sulfate. The major factors in laboratory shake flask liquid fermentation,such as initial p H,temperature,speed,etc were determined. The optimum cultural conditions are found to be incubation time 20 h,p H7. 5,fermentation temperatures 30 ℃,speed 200 r·min-1,inoculum size 3%,and medium volume 35 m L in a 250 m L flask. The OD600 value of the bacterial growth was increased by 21. 9% after optimization of the cultural conditions.
Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner strain A322 with higher activity against Helicoverpa armigera Hubner screened indoor was cultured on media through single-factor and orthogonal experiment to optimize cultural medium based on the optimization standard of OD600 of the fermented liquid of B. thuringiensis at the late logarithmic phase. The optimum medium is 0. 5% soybean meal,0. 5% yeast extract,0. 5% glucose,0. 5% tryptone,0. 2% calcium carbonate,0. 1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate,and 0. 1% magnesium sulfate. The major factors in laboratory shake flask liquid fermentation,such as initial p H,temperature,speed,etc were determined. The optimum cultural conditions are found to be incubation time 20 h,p H7. 5,fermentation temperatures 30 ℃,speed 200 r·min-1,inoculum size 3%,and medium volume 35 m L in a 250 m L flask. The OD600 value of the bacterial growth was increased by 21. 9% after optimization of the cultural conditions.
2014, 5(3): 260-264.
doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.2014.03.010
Abstract:
Shanlan upland rice Baisha 3 and Shanlan 1764 were pot cultured with common cultivated rice 9311 and hybrid Gangyou527 as control under drought stress to observe their morphological parameters（ leaf area,plant height and root length） and physiological parameters（ chlorophyll content,MDA content and proline content）,and the subordinate function value was used to assess the drought tolerance of Shanlan upland rice. Shanlan upland rice reduced the above ground biomass and increased the biomass of the underground part under the drought stress. At the same time,the chlorophyll content,MDA content and the proline content of Shanlan upland rice increased to some extent under the drought stress. The subordinate function values of the Shanlan upland rice were 0. 521 and 0. 673. It is inferred from the experiment data and the field observation data that Shanlan upland rice showed rather strong tolerance to drought at the nursery stage.
Shanlan upland rice Baisha 3 and Shanlan 1764 were pot cultured with common cultivated rice 9311 and hybrid Gangyou527 as control under drought stress to observe their morphological parameters（ leaf area,plant height and root length） and physiological parameters（ chlorophyll content,MDA content and proline content）,and the subordinate function value was used to assess the drought tolerance of Shanlan upland rice. Shanlan upland rice reduced the above ground biomass and increased the biomass of the underground part under the drought stress. At the same time,the chlorophyll content,MDA content and the proline content of Shanlan upland rice increased to some extent under the drought stress. The subordinate function values of the Shanlan upland rice were 0. 521 and 0. 673. It is inferred from the experiment data and the field observation data that Shanlan upland rice showed rather strong tolerance to drought at the nursery stage.
2014, 5(3): 265-271,307.
doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.2014.03.011
Abstract:
Nineteen accessions of germplasm of leguminous green manure plants collected in various localities from Hainan,Guangdong,Guangxi,Yunnan provinces were determined in terms of crude organic matter content and mineral nutrients content,and their organic manure quality was evaluated based on the analysis of the mineral elements content. The results indicated that the 19 accessions of the leguminous plant germplasm varied substantially in macro nutrient element content. Their nitrogen content ranged from 12. 4 g·kg-1to 43. 8 g·kg-1（ the mean: 22. 2 g·kg-1）,the phosphorus content from 4. 3 g·kg-1to 16. 7 g·kg-1（ the mean: 9. 7 g·kg-1）,and the potassium content from 5. 6 g·kg-1to 31. 1 g·kg-1（ the mean: 12. 9 g·kg-1）. All the accessions of the leguminous plant germplasm had a high quality of organic manure when used as green manure,most of which were listed in the Grade Ⅱ of the organic manure,with one in Grade Ⅲ and one in Grade Ⅰ.This indicated that these 19 accessions of the leguminous green manure plants under evaluation are green manure plants with high quality of organic manure.
Nineteen accessions of germplasm of leguminous green manure plants collected in various localities from Hainan,Guangdong,Guangxi,Yunnan provinces were determined in terms of crude organic matter content and mineral nutrients content,and their organic manure quality was evaluated based on the analysis of the mineral elements content. The results indicated that the 19 accessions of the leguminous plant germplasm varied substantially in macro nutrient element content. Their nitrogen content ranged from 12. 4 g·kg-1to 43. 8 g·kg-1（ the mean: 22. 2 g·kg-1）,the phosphorus content from 4. 3 g·kg-1to 16. 7 g·kg-1（ the mean: 9. 7 g·kg-1）,and the potassium content from 5. 6 g·kg-1to 31. 1 g·kg-1（ the mean: 12. 9 g·kg-1）. All the accessions of the leguminous plant germplasm had a high quality of organic manure when used as green manure,most of which were listed in the Grade Ⅱ of the organic manure,with one in Grade Ⅲ and one in Grade Ⅰ.This indicated that these 19 accessions of the leguminous green manure plants under evaluation are green manure plants with high quality of organic manure.
2014, 5(3): 272-276.
doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.2014.03.012
Abstract:
Piper sarmentosum Roxb. can be commercially developed as a new tropical spice plant. Biological characteristics of P. sarmentosum were observed and average increment in leaf number,leaf length×leaf width and plant height of P. sarmentosum were determined during four seasons. Three excellent plants were selected from 30 plants on the basis of indexes such as average leaf number,leaf length×leaf width,length of main stems. plant height,etc.
Piper sarmentosum Roxb. can be commercially developed as a new tropical spice plant. Biological characteristics of P. sarmentosum were observed and average increment in leaf number,leaf length×leaf width and plant height of P. sarmentosum were determined during four seasons. Three excellent plants were selected from 30 plants on the basis of indexes such as average leaf number,leaf length×leaf width,length of main stems. plant height,etc.
2014, 5(3): 277-279.
doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.2014.03.013
Abstract:
The apical buds and suckers of pineapple cultivar ’Apple’（ Ananas comosus ’Apple’） were inoculated onto MS medium containing 6-BA 3 mg·L-1and 30 g·L-1sucrose for inducing shoots. The shoots were bourgeoned after cultured for 30 d. They were then transferred onto MS medium supplemented with 6-BA 2 mg·L-1,NAA 0. 05 mg·L-1and 30 g·L-1sucrose for inducing cluster buds,and the cluster buds were produced after 30- 40 d of culture. The proliferation ratio of the cluster buds was about 3- 5 per month. The cluster buds were cultured on MS medium containing 6-BA 1 mg ·L-1,AD 3 mg·L-1and 30 g · L-1sucrose for about25- 30 d to produce strong shoots. These shoots were transferred onto 1 /2 MS rooting medium containing NAA0. 50 mg·L-1,30 g·L-1banana juice and 30 g·L-1sucrose,and the roots were induced to strike after about30 d of culture. The rooted plantlets had about 95% of survival rate when transferred onto the soil.
The apical buds and suckers of pineapple cultivar ’Apple’（ Ananas comosus ’Apple’） were inoculated onto MS medium containing 6-BA 3 mg·L-1and 30 g·L-1sucrose for inducing shoots. The shoots were bourgeoned after cultured for 30 d. They were then transferred onto MS medium supplemented with 6-BA 2 mg·L-1,NAA 0. 05 mg·L-1and 30 g·L-1sucrose for inducing cluster buds,and the cluster buds were produced after 30- 40 d of culture. The proliferation ratio of the cluster buds was about 3- 5 per month. The cluster buds were cultured on MS medium containing 6-BA 1 mg ·L-1,AD 3 mg·L-1and 30 g · L-1sucrose for about25- 30 d to produce strong shoots. These shoots were transferred onto 1 /2 MS rooting medium containing NAA0. 50 mg·L-1,30 g·L-1banana juice and 30 g·L-1sucrose,and the roots were induced to strike after about30 d of culture. The rooted plantlets had about 95% of survival rate when transferred onto the soil.
2014, 5(3): 280-285.
doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.2014.03.014
Abstract:
The biological traits and agronomic traits were determined from 126 accessions of Morinda citrifolia in Wanning Morinda citrifolia Germplasm Repository,and SRAP molecular markers of M. citrifolia were identified.These genetic diversity data were analyzed by using the stepwise clustering methods to construct a core collection of M. citrifolia germplasm. The results showed that the average linkage（ UPGMA） method combined with diversity-dependent strategy（ G） sampling at 15% sampling proportion were optimum for construction of a core collection of M. citrifolia germplasm. With this method a core collection of M. citrifolia with 21 different accessions was constructed,which represents the genetic diversity of the original germplasm of M. citrifolia.
The biological traits and agronomic traits were determined from 126 accessions of Morinda citrifolia in Wanning Morinda citrifolia Germplasm Repository,and SRAP molecular markers of M. citrifolia were identified.These genetic diversity data were analyzed by using the stepwise clustering methods to construct a core collection of M. citrifolia germplasm. The results showed that the average linkage（ UPGMA） method combined with diversity-dependent strategy（ G） sampling at 15% sampling proportion were optimum for construction of a core collection of M. citrifolia germplasm. With this method a core collection of M. citrifolia with 21 different accessions was constructed,which represents the genetic diversity of the original germplasm of M. citrifolia.
2014, 5(3): 286-289.
doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.2014.03.015
Abstract:
Ultraviolet spectrophotometry was used to study the dynamic changes of total flavonoids in vegetative organs of Noni（ Morinda citrifolia Linn.） at different growth stages in a view to determine the appropriate time and organs for harvesting. This method was good in repeatability and high in precision to determine the total flavonoids in Noni. The recovery rate was 99. 66% and the testing result was reliable. The flavonoids content of Noni in different organs varied in the order of 90 days old leaves ＞ 270 days old leaves ＞ 30 days old leaves ＞hairy roots ＞ 210 days old leaves ＞ 150 days old leaves ＞ lateral roots ＞ 330 days old leaves ＞ taproots ＞twigs ＞ old branches ＞ biennial branches ＞ perennial branches ＞ annual branches. This indicated that Noni leaves were the priority organ for extraction of total flavonoids in Noni. Considering the plant growth and leaf utilization,it is best to select 270 days old leaves of Noni as the medicinal material to extract total flavonoids.
Ultraviolet spectrophotometry was used to study the dynamic changes of total flavonoids in vegetative organs of Noni（ Morinda citrifolia Linn.） at different growth stages in a view to determine the appropriate time and organs for harvesting. This method was good in repeatability and high in precision to determine the total flavonoids in Noni. The recovery rate was 99. 66% and the testing result was reliable. The flavonoids content of Noni in different organs varied in the order of 90 days old leaves ＞ 270 days old leaves ＞ 30 days old leaves ＞hairy roots ＞ 210 days old leaves ＞ 150 days old leaves ＞ lateral roots ＞ 330 days old leaves ＞ taproots ＞twigs ＞ old branches ＞ biennial branches ＞ perennial branches ＞ annual branches. This indicated that Noni leaves were the priority organ for extraction of total flavonoids in Noni. Considering the plant growth and leaf utilization,it is best to select 270 days old leaves of Noni as the medicinal material to extract total flavonoids.
2014, 5(3): 290-296.
doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.2014.03.016
Abstract:
People speaking Run dialect was a branch of the Li Minority in Hainan Island whose traditional culture is well preserved so far. A field survey of herb tea plants was made through interviewing key users of the Run dialect people. Herb plants were collected based on voucher specimens and identified,and 31 species of herb tea plants were collected in this survey and their efficacies and values were also analyzed. The current situation and prospect of herb tea plants were discussed to provide suggestions on development and utilization of herb tea plant resources.
People speaking Run dialect was a branch of the Li Minority in Hainan Island whose traditional culture is well preserved so far. A field survey of herb tea plants was made through interviewing key users of the Run dialect people. Herb plants were collected based on voucher specimens and identified,and 31 species of herb tea plants were collected in this survey and their efficacies and values were also analyzed. The current situation and prospect of herb tea plants were discussed to provide suggestions on development and utilization of herb tea plant resources.
2014, 5(3): 297-306.
doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.2014.03.017
Abstract:
Chromosome studies of 81 species of mollusks in China are reviewed. The evolution of chromosome number and chromosome type in Chinese mollusks were discussed based on the molecular phylogenetic analysis results.
Chromosome studies of 81 species of mollusks in China are reviewed. The evolution of chromosome number and chromosome type in Chinese mollusks were discussed based on the molecular phylogenetic analysis results.
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