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稻瘟病又称稻热病、火烧瘟等,是水稻生产中一种常见的重要真菌病害[1]。目前,稻瘟病在全世界主要稻区均有发生,其中发病较严重的稻区主要集中在亚洲和非洲[2-3]。在水稻各生育期和各个部位均可发生稻瘟病,其中最严重的是叶瘟和穗颈瘟[4]。在病害流行地区或发病田块,每年造成大约10%~30%的水稻减产,甚至绝产[5]。稻瘟病病原菌的有性态为稻巨座壳菌(Magnaporthe oryzae),属于子囊菌门巨座壳属真菌,无性态为稻梨孢(Pyricularia oryzae),属无性态类梨孢属真菌[6-7]。真菌病毒(Mycovirus)是侵染真菌和卵菌并能够在其体内进行增殖的病毒的统称,广泛存在于主要真菌和卵菌类群中[8]。据报道,真菌病毒在丝状真菌、卵菌和酵母菌中均有分布[9]。根据病毒的基因组核酸类型,真菌病毒可分为单链RNA(single stranded RNA, ssRNA)病毒、单链DNA(single stranded DNA, ssDNA)病毒和双链RNA(double stranded RNA, dsRNA)病毒,其中dsRNA类型的真菌病毒种类最多[10]。目前,稻瘟病菌中报道的真菌病毒主要隶属于产黄青霉病毒科(Chrysoviridae)的Magnaporthe oryzae chrysovirus 1-A (MoCV1-A)、Magnaporthe oryzae chrysovirus 1-B (MoCV1-B)、Magnaporthe oryzae chrysovirus 1-C (MoCV1-C)和Magnaporthe oryzae chrysovirus 1-D (MoCV1-D)[11-14],单分体病毒科(Totiviridae)的Magnaporthe oryzae virus 1 (MoV1)、Magnaporthe oryzae virus 2 (MoV2)和Magnaporthe oryzae virus 3 (MoV3)[13, 15-16],双分体病毒科(Partitiviridae)的Magnaporthe oryzae partitivirus 1 (MoPV1)和Magnaportheoryzaepartitivirus 2 (MoPV2)[17-18],裸露RNA病毒科(Narnaviridae)的Magnaporthe oryzae narnavirus 1 (MoNV1)[19],番茄丛矮病毒科(Tombusviridae)的Magnaporthe oryzae virus A (MoVA)[20]及葡萄孢欧尔密病毒科(Botourmiaviridae)的Magnaporthe oryzae ourmia-like virus 1 (MOLV1)、Magnaporthe oryzae ourmia-like virus 4 (MOLV4)、Pyricularia oryzae ourmia-like virus 1 to 3 (PoOLV1-3)[21-23](表1)。其中,研究最多的病毒是MoCV1-A,其他病毒的研究相对较少。相对于已发现的真菌病毒,稻瘟病菌中的真菌病毒不仅在数量和种属的分布较少[24],而且在与寄主真菌的互作、生物防治应用等方面的研究也较浅,稻瘟病菌中的真菌病毒还有很大的研究空间。笔者对已报道的侵染稻瘟病菌的真菌病毒的形态、基因组结构及其对寄主真菌的影响进行归纳和总结,并对稻瘟病菌真菌病毒的下一步研究与利用进行展望,旨在对稻瘟病菌真菌病毒有一个较全面的了解和认识,为稻瘟病菌真菌病毒的利用和深入研究提供参考。
表 1 稻瘟病菌中的真菌病毒一览表
Table 1. The list of mycoviruses in Magnaportheoryzae
病毒名称
Viral name分类
Taxonomy核酸类型
Nucleic
acid typeMagnaporthe oryzae chrysovirus 1-A 产黄青霉病毒科(Chrysoviridae)、产黄青霉病毒属(Chrysovirus) dsRNA Magnaporthe oryzae chrysovirus 1-B 产黄青霉病毒科(Chrysoviridae)、产黄青霉病毒属(Chrysovirus) dsRNA Magnaporthe oryzae chrysovirus 1-C 产黄青霉病毒科(Chrysoviridae) dsRNA Magnaporthe oryzae chrysovirus 1-D 产黄青霉病毒科(Chrysoviridae) dsRNA Magnaporthe oryzae virus 1 单分体病毒科(Totiviridae)、单分体病毒属(Totivirus) dsRNA Magnaporthe oryzae virus 2 单分体病毒科(Totiviridae)、维多利亚病毒属(Victorivirus) dsRNA Magnaporthe oryzae virus 3 单分体病毒科(Totiviridae)科、维多利亚病毒属(Victorivirus) dsRNA Magnaporthe oryzae partitivirus 1 双分体病毒科(Partitiviridae)、γ双分体病毒属(Gammapartitivirus) dsRNA Magnaporthe oryzae partitivirus 2 双分体病毒科(Partitiviridae)、γ双分体病毒属(Gammapartitivirus) dsRNA Magnaporthe oryzae virus A 番茄丛矮病毒科(Tombusviridae) +ssRNA Magnaporthe oryzae ourmia-like virus 1 葡萄孢欧尔密病毒科(Botourmiaviridae)、稻瘟泛欧尔密病毒属(Magoulivirus) +ssRNA Magnaporthe oryzae ourmia-like virus 4 葡萄孢欧尔密病毒科(Botourmiaviridae)、欧尔密病毒病毒属(Ourmiavirus) +ssRNA Pyricularia oryzae ourmia-like virus 1 to 3 葡萄孢欧尔密病毒科(Botourmiaviridae)、欧尔密病毒病毒属(Ourmiavirus) +ssRNA Magnaporthe oryzae narnavirus 1 裸露RNA病毒科(Narnaviridae)、裸露RNA病毒属(Narnavirus) +ssRNA
Research Progress on Mycoviruses of Magnaporthe oryzae
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摘要: 稻瘟病是由稻巨座壳菌(Magnaporthe oryzae,俗称稻瘟病菌)引起的一种世界性的重要水稻病害,也是影响水稻产量和品质的重要因素。真菌病毒是指侵染真菌或卵菌并能够在其体内进行增殖的病毒,广泛存在于真菌和卵菌的主要类群中,某些低毒真菌病毒可作为植物真菌病害生物防治的资源。笔者描述了稻瘟病菌中已报道的真菌病毒的形态、基因组结构及其对寄主真菌的影响,并对稻瘟病菌真菌病毒的研究进行了展望,旨在对稻瘟病菌真菌病毒有一个较全面的了解和认识,为稻瘟病菌真菌病毒的利用和深入研究提供参考。Abstract: Rice blast is an important worldwide important rice disease caused by Magnaporthe oryzae (commonly known as rice blast fungus), and it is also an important factor affecting rice yield and quality. Mycovirus is a virus that infects fungi and oomycetes and can replicate in them, which is widespread in the major taxa of fungi and oomycetes. Some hypovirulent mycoviruses can be used as resources for the biological control of plant fungal diseases. The mycoviruses reported in M. oryzae, including their morphological, genome organization and their effects on host fungi, were reviewed, and the research on the mycoviruses of M. oryzae was prospected so as to have a more comprehensive understanding of mycoviruses in M. oryzae, and to provide reference for the utilization and study of mycoviruses in M. oryzae in the future.
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Key words:
- rice /
- Magnaporthe oryzae /
- mycovirus /
- plant fungal diseases /
- biological control
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表 1 稻瘟病菌中的真菌病毒一览表
Table 1 The list of mycoviruses in Magnaportheoryzae
病毒名称
Viral name分类
Taxonomy核酸类型
Nucleic
acid typeMagnaporthe oryzae chrysovirus 1-A 产黄青霉病毒科(Chrysoviridae)、产黄青霉病毒属(Chrysovirus) dsRNA Magnaporthe oryzae chrysovirus 1-B 产黄青霉病毒科(Chrysoviridae)、产黄青霉病毒属(Chrysovirus) dsRNA Magnaporthe oryzae chrysovirus 1-C 产黄青霉病毒科(Chrysoviridae) dsRNA Magnaporthe oryzae chrysovirus 1-D 产黄青霉病毒科(Chrysoviridae) dsRNA Magnaporthe oryzae virus 1 单分体病毒科(Totiviridae)、单分体病毒属(Totivirus) dsRNA Magnaporthe oryzae virus 2 单分体病毒科(Totiviridae)、维多利亚病毒属(Victorivirus) dsRNA Magnaporthe oryzae virus 3 单分体病毒科(Totiviridae)科、维多利亚病毒属(Victorivirus) dsRNA Magnaporthe oryzae partitivirus 1 双分体病毒科(Partitiviridae)、γ双分体病毒属(Gammapartitivirus) dsRNA Magnaporthe oryzae partitivirus 2 双分体病毒科(Partitiviridae)、γ双分体病毒属(Gammapartitivirus) dsRNA Magnaporthe oryzae virus A 番茄丛矮病毒科(Tombusviridae) +ssRNA Magnaporthe oryzae ourmia-like virus 1 葡萄孢欧尔密病毒科(Botourmiaviridae)、稻瘟泛欧尔密病毒属(Magoulivirus) +ssRNA Magnaporthe oryzae ourmia-like virus 4 葡萄孢欧尔密病毒科(Botourmiaviridae)、欧尔密病毒病毒属(Ourmiavirus) +ssRNA Pyricularia oryzae ourmia-like virus 1 to 3 葡萄孢欧尔密病毒科(Botourmiaviridae)、欧尔密病毒病毒属(Ourmiavirus) +ssRNA Magnaporthe oryzae narnavirus 1 裸露RNA病毒科(Narnaviridae)、裸露RNA病毒属(Narnavirus) +ssRNA -
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