Current status and restoration strategy of mangroves in Xincun Port,Lingshui,Hainan Island,China
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摘要: 为了理清红树林的现状，制定更有效的保护措施，本研究基于海南省数字正射影像解译海南陵水新村港红树林的面积及分布区域后，采用样方法研究新村港红树林物种多样性和主要生物学指标，并研究新村港南、北两岸的红树林自然种群与人工种群的分布特点。结果表明，（1）在陵水新村港，红树林种类总数共有12种，其中南岸8种，优势种为正红树（Rhizophora apiculata）；北岸6种，优势种为对叶榄李（Laguncularia racemosa），并人工移植培育了一株国家二级保护植物红榄李（Lumnitzera littorea），其生长状态良好。（2）在南北两岸，自然林都展现出对高潮位的适应性，但南岸的红树林生长状态优于北岸，然而人工植林在两岸的树木都相对较矮。（3）就物种多样性而言，南岸自然林生物多样性均高于北岸，但在人工林方面，北岸的生物性略高于南岸。（4）南岸主要是自然林，更适合采用人工种植无瓣海桑（Sonneratia apetala）或者疏松树冠的方法来增加物种多样性，而北岸的人工林则多使用本土物种，通过多品种和两级种植可以更有效地提高物种多样性。同时也考虑到生物入侵和潮位不同的特点，提出在高潮位引进无瓣海桑的建议。本研究明确了陵水新村港红树林的物种分布和生态特征，为该区域红树林保护和修复工程提供了宝贵的调查数据，有助于优化红树林的保护策略，从而助力新村港红树林的生态保护和可持续发展。Abstract: In recent years, the growth environment of mangroves has been seriously threatened and has become one of the most endangered ecosystems in the world. To clarify the current situation of mangroves and formulate more effective protection measures, digital orthophotos of Hainan Province were used to interpret the area and distribution areas of mangroves in Xincun Port, Lingshui, Hainan, and a survey was made of the species of mangroves in Xincun Port by using a sampling method. At the same time, the diversity of main biological indicators, and the distribution characteristics of natural and artificial populations of mangroves on the south and north bamks of Xincun Port were analyzed. The results indicate there are a total of 12 species of mangroves, including 8 species on the south shore,with the dominant species being Rhizophora apiculata; and 6 species on the north shore, with the dominant species being Laguncularia racemos. A national second-level protected plant（Lumnitzera littorea） has been transplanted and its growth condition is good. On both the north and south shores, natural forests have shown adaptability to high tide levels, but the growth status of mangroves on the south shore is better than that on the north shore. However, the trees in plantation forests on both shores are relatively short. In terms of species diversity, the biodiversity of natural forests is higher on the south shore than on the north shore. However, in terms of plantation forests, the biodiversity is slightly higher on the north shore than on the south shore. On the south shore mainly grows a natural forest, where it is more suitable to plant Sonneratia apetala or prune the trees to have loose canopy to increase species diversity,while the plantation forests on the north shore are mostly of native species. Planting multi-species at a two-layer pattern can increase species diversity more effectively. At the same time, taking into account the characteristics of biological invasion and different tide levels, a suggestion was made on planting Sonneratia apetala at high tide levels. This study clarified the species distribution and ecological characteristics of the mangroves in Xincun Port,Lingshui, which might provide valuable survey data for the mangrove protection and restoration projects in the area,facilitating optimization of the mangrove protection strategy, and hence the ecological protection and sustainable development of mangroves in Xincun Port.
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Key words:
- Xincun Port /
- mangrove forest /
- species distribution /
- species diversity /
- ecological restoration
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