摘要:
笔者对定植于海南大学苦丁茶种质资源圃内的苦丁茶冬青种质材料的花果形态进行系统观察。结果表明,苦丁茶冬青的花果形态与经典分类学文献中的描述有所不同。经典分类学文献记载苦丁茶冬青的花为4基数,子房4室,每室中着生1胚珠,而且雌雄异株。笔者观察结果:1)花瓣数通常为4,但也有花瓣数为3,5,6和8的情况;雄蕊通常为4枚,但也有3,5,6和8枚的情况。2)子房通常为4室,但也有3,5,6室,甚至是8室的情况。3)分核通常为4枚,但也观察到2,3,5,6枚甚至8枚的情况。4)子房4宫,每室中着生1胚珠,而且雌雄异株。每个子房室通常只着生1胚珠,但可在少数子房室中观察到同一子房室中着生有2胚珠,即苦丁茶冬青中的"多胚现象"。5)通常为雌雄异株,典型的雄性种质材料占45. 45%,典型的雌性种质材料占44. 16%。但约有10. 39%种质材料,其不同雄花的不发育子房退化程度各不相同,从不发育子房仅残留一个小突起痕迹到雄蕊和雌蕊发育基本正常的两性花均有存在,即在典型的雄花与两性花之间,子房发育程度存在一系列过渡类型。
Abstract:
A systematic observation was made on the morphology of the flowers and fruits of the germplasm materials of Ilex kudingcha C. J. Tseng conserved in the Kudingcha Germplasm Banks of Hainan University. The results showed that there were some morphological differences of the flower and that of the fruits in I. kudingcha,between the descriptions in typical taxonomic literature and our observations. According to the typical taxonomic literature,the number of floral parts of I. kudingcha is 4,while our observations showed that the number of floral parts was usually 4,but 3,5,6,even 8 foral parts were also observed in some florets. These differences mainly showed as the followings. 1) The number of petals in a floret was usually 4,but 3,5,6,even 8 petals were also observed in the same floret. The number of stamens in a floret was usually 4,but 3,5,6,even 8 stamens were also observed in the same floret. 2) Usually,there were 4 loculi in an ovary. But 2,3,5,6,even8 loculi were also observed in the same ovary in some germplasm materials. 3) Usually,there were 4 pits in a fruit. But 3,5,6,even 8 pits were also observed in a few of fruits in some germplasm materials. 4) According to the descriptions of the typical taxonomic literature there was only 1 ovule in a loculus of ovary. However,2 ovules could also be observed in the same loculus in few. of gerplasm materials. Which was the so-called "polyembryony". The mechanism of polyembryony occurrence,as well as the latent importance in breeding of the perennial woody plant,such as I. kudingcha,were discussed in this paper. 5) According to the descriptions of the typical taxonomic literature,the plants of I. kudingcha were dioecious. While our observation results showed that the plants of I. kudingcha were usually dioecious,that the typical male germplasm materials accounted for 45. 45%,and that the typical fame germplasm materials accounted for 44. 16%. However,there were an other 10. 39 % germplasm materials,in which the undeveloped ovaries of the different flores were degenerate by different degrees. A series of transition types could be observed,from a small protuberance of the undeveloped ovaries to the complete flowers with normally developed stamens and pistils.
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