Keywords: 
• Camellia oleosa Rehd. /
• biological characteristics /
• Pollen morphological structure /
• phylogenetic relationship

Abstract: Camellia oleosa Rehd. in Hainan Province is an evergreen shrub or small tree; its bark is smooth with gray brown; the twigs have some shags,dark green; leaves simple,alternate,leathery,smooth,ovate oval or oblong,apex acute,base cuneate,about 5- 7cm,margin serrate; the petioles are 4- 8 mm; the flowers are bisexual,white,and terminal,capsular; the seeds are brown and triangular ovate,hemispherical or spherical with naps. Pollen morphology of C. oleosa Rehd. collected from Hainan Province was observed by using Scanning Electron Microscope（ SEM）. C. oleosa Rehd. in Hainan Province had similar pollen morphology to the species of the genus Camellia. The pollens were generally prolate spheroidal with three colporates,and their exine sculptures were foveolate-reticulate. Moreover,the pollens had similar shape,size and exine sculpture to those of sect. Camellia（ L.） Dyer in Hook,which indicated that this species had close phylogenetic relationship with some species of the sect. Camellia of the genus Camellia. However,the pollen morphology was quite different from the sect. Paracamellia. The pollen size was negatively correlated with fruit weight,but not correlated with the fruit shape index and oil production.