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天牛(Cerambycidae)隶属于昆虫纲(Insecta)鞘翅目(Coleoptera),为天牛总科一类昆虫的统称,是为害林木、园林绿化树木、果树以及花卉的重要蛀干害虫类群,它是一类较特殊的昆虫,天牛是一类较为特殊的昆虫,其幼虫生活隐蔽,种群发生发展较稳定,且天牛蛀孔复杂,成虫体壁和鞘翅坚硬且厚耐药性强,种类繁多、分布广泛、周期性爆发、危害严重、难防难治。全世界已知天牛约为4 000属35 000种以上,中国约有3 000多种,我国大部分区域均有分布,严重影响全球农林业及生态环境的健康持续发展[1-4]。在我国常见的天牛主要有光肩星天牛(Anoplophora glabripennis)、云斑天牛(Batocera horsfieldi)、桑天牛(Apriona germari)、青杨天牛(Saperda populnea)、桃红颈天牛(Aromia bungii)和双条杉天牛(Semanotus bifasciatus)等[5-7]。天牛以幼虫蛀食主干和根,轻者造成枯枝,易遭风折或被其他病原菌侵害;随着时间推移,重者可导致植物整株死亡;成虫以嫩枝皮层为食,致使枝梢枯萎[7]。天牛通常隐居于树内,幼虫或未羽化的成虫在树干内生活且躲避寒冷的冬天,其全部发育过程均在树皮下及木质部内进行,阻碍了树木的正常发育,也为该类群害虫的防治增加了难度。为害严重时能使植株败坏,同时导致植株遭受其他病原菌的侵害[8]。天牛还可作为其他病虫害的传播媒介,以松墨天牛(Monochamus alternatus)为例,可传播松材线虫,引起松林面积枯死,是我国重要的检疫害虫[9-10]。天牛危害日益严重,已严重制约了林业、果业的发展,为减少天牛的种群密度,降低天牛的危害性,国内外植保工作者积极寻求有效的防治措施[11-12]。鉴于天牛的发生特点,采用化学防治等传统方法对天牛进行防治,往往收效甚微[4]。近年来,天牛化学生态学种群层面上的防治技术已成为立体防治天牛极为重要的新途径[13-14]。天牛化学生态学研究包括种内和种间信息素两方面,前者主要是对性信息素的研究,后者主要探讨天牛成虫与寄主(营养与产卵)之间的信息关联[15]。笔者根据前人的研究成果,对天牛信息素的研究进行综述,并分析了天牛信息素的应用前景,旨在为天牛的综合防治提供参考。
Research Advances in Semiochemicals of Cerambycid Beetles
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摘要: 天牛(Cerambycidae)是危害林业和果树业的重要害虫类群,具有种类繁多、分布广泛、危害严重、难防难治、周期性爆发和隐蔽性较强等特点,采用化学防治等传统方法对天牛进行防治收效甚微。近年来,天牛化学生态学种群层面上的防治技术已成为立体防治天牛极为重要的新途径。昆虫信息素具有微量、高效、无毒、无污染等优点,可用于靶标害虫监测和诱捕等,在害虫综合防治中发挥关键作用。笔者基于前人的研究成果,对天牛信息素的研究进行了综述,同时对天牛信息素的应用前景进行了展望,旨在为天牛的综合防治提供参考。Abstract: Cerambycid beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) are an economically important group of insect pests which cause damages to forestry and fruit industry. They are numerous in species, widely distributed and hard to control due to their better protection mechanism and periodic outbreak, leading to serious infestation. Population control in the chemical ecology of cerambycid beetles has recently become a novel approach for integrated control of cerambycid beetles since the traditional insecticidal control of cerambycid beetles is less effective. Insect pheromones have the advantages of very low application rate, high efficiency, non-toxicity and no pollution, and can be used for target pest monitoring and trapping, which plays a key role in integrated pest control. The previous researches of cerambycid pheromones were reviewed, and an outlook for application of the cerambycid pheromones were made to provide reference for the integrated control of the cerambycid beetles.
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Key words:
- Cerambycid beetles /
- sex pheromones /
- aggregate pheromones /
- host pheromones /
- research progress
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