2020 Vol. 11, No. 1
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2020, 11(1): 1-6.
doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.2020.01.001
Abstract:
In order to assess the ecological risks of insect-resistant transgenic sugarcane lines Bt2 and Bt17 on soil ecological environment rhizosphere soil samples were collected from plantations of insect-resistant transgenic sugarcane lines Bt2 and Bt17 and their non-transgenic donor sugarcane variety ROC22 to analyze the effect of the insect-resistant transgenic sugarcane lines on the activities of soil sucrase, acid phosphatase, neutral phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase in the rhizosphere. The results showed that the effects of the insect-resistant transgenic sugarcane lines on the soil enzyme activities in the rhizosphere varied greatly with the growth cycle of sugarcane, the insect-resistant transgenic sugarcane lines and the enzymes. Soil enzyme activity of sugarcane line Bt2 was not different from that of the control at all the stages of sugarcane growth, while the effect of Bt17 on soil enzyme activity was more complex. Compared with the non-transgenic donor sugarcane ROC22, the sugarcane line Bt17 was not different in soil sucrase activity in the rhizosphere at any stage of sugarcane growth, significantly higher in soil acid phosphatase activity at any stage of sugarcane growth, significantly higher in neutral phosphatase activity at seedling stage, at tillering stage and at mature stage, but not different in neutral phosphatase activity at the grand growth stage, but significantly lower in neutral phosphatase at the tillering stage and the mature stage. This indicated that the sugarcase line Bt2 had no effect on soil enzyme activity in the rhizosphere, while the sugarcane line Bt17 might have less effect on soil enzyme activity in the rhizosphere.
In order to assess the ecological risks of insect-resistant transgenic sugarcane lines Bt2 and Bt17 on soil ecological environment rhizosphere soil samples were collected from plantations of insect-resistant transgenic sugarcane lines Bt2 and Bt17 and their non-transgenic donor sugarcane variety ROC22 to analyze the effect of the insect-resistant transgenic sugarcane lines on the activities of soil sucrase, acid phosphatase, neutral phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase in the rhizosphere. The results showed that the effects of the insect-resistant transgenic sugarcane lines on the soil enzyme activities in the rhizosphere varied greatly with the growth cycle of sugarcane, the insect-resistant transgenic sugarcane lines and the enzymes. Soil enzyme activity of sugarcane line Bt2 was not different from that of the control at all the stages of sugarcane growth, while the effect of Bt17 on soil enzyme activity was more complex. Compared with the non-transgenic donor sugarcane ROC22, the sugarcane line Bt17 was not different in soil sucrase activity in the rhizosphere at any stage of sugarcane growth, significantly higher in soil acid phosphatase activity at any stage of sugarcane growth, significantly higher in neutral phosphatase activity at seedling stage, at tillering stage and at mature stage, but not different in neutral phosphatase activity at the grand growth stage, but significantly lower in neutral phosphatase at the tillering stage and the mature stage. This indicated that the sugarcase line Bt2 had no effect on soil enzyme activity in the rhizosphere, while the sugarcane line Bt17 might have less effect on soil enzyme activity in the rhizosphere.
2020, 11(1): 7-10, 19.
doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.2020.01.002
Abstract:
Chinese kale (Brassica alboglabra L. H. Bailey) was treated with gibberellin at different concentrations to screen a suitable gibberellin concentration for higher yield and optimal quality of the main and lateral stems of Chinese kale. The results showed that the gibberellin treatment by spraying at 30 mg·L−1 significantly promoted the elongation of the main and the first lateral stems, and that the gibberellin treatment at 50 mg·L−1 significantly promoted the elongation of the second lateral stem. The gibberellin treatment at 30 mg·L−1 significantly increased the yield of the main stem and the second lateral stem in Chinese kale, thus increasing the yield of Chinese kale by 11.13% compared with the control. The 30 mg·L−1 gibberellin treatment also promoted protein accumulation in the lateral stems, increased soluble sugar content in the main and lateral stems and reduced cellulose content of Chinese kale. Therefore, the 30 mg·L−1 gibberellin treatment was the best in promoting yield and intrinsic quality of the main and lateral stems of Chinese kale.
Chinese kale (Brassica alboglabra L. H. Bailey) was treated with gibberellin at different concentrations to screen a suitable gibberellin concentration for higher yield and optimal quality of the main and lateral stems of Chinese kale. The results showed that the gibberellin treatment by spraying at 30 mg·L−1 significantly promoted the elongation of the main and the first lateral stems, and that the gibberellin treatment at 50 mg·L−1 significantly promoted the elongation of the second lateral stem. The gibberellin treatment at 30 mg·L−1 significantly increased the yield of the main stem and the second lateral stem in Chinese kale, thus increasing the yield of Chinese kale by 11.13% compared with the control. The 30 mg·L−1 gibberellin treatment also promoted protein accumulation in the lateral stems, increased soluble sugar content in the main and lateral stems and reduced cellulose content of Chinese kale. Therefore, the 30 mg·L−1 gibberellin treatment was the best in promoting yield and intrinsic quality of the main and lateral stems of Chinese kale.
2020, 11(1): 11-19.
doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.2020.01.003
Abstract:
In order to obtain salt-tolerant Paspalum vaginatum Germplasm resources, the Salt tolerance system of Paspalum vaginatum was optimized and used to evaluate the salt tolerance of 27 accessions of P. vaginatum. The accessions were treated with NaCl at 7 levels of concentration (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 g·L−1) and their turf quality, leaf firing and leaf color were measured. The results showed that there were significant differences in the indicators of turf quality, leaf firing and leaf colour (P<0.05) between the P. vaginatum accessions under the NaCl treatments. With the increase of NaCl concentration, the P. vaginatum accessions were significantly higher in turf quality (P<0.05) and leaf firing (P<0.05), and significantly paler in leaf colour (P<0.05). A regression equation was established to determine the optimum salt treatment concentration for P. vaginatum at 25 g·L−1 with the leaf firing of 50% as a criterion. The NaCl concentration of 25 g·L−1 was used to evaluate the salt tolerance of 27 accessions of P. vaginatum, based on which two accessions, USA17-18 with very high salt tolerance and USA17-26 with very low salt tolerance or high salt sensitivity, were selected and their contents of Na+ and K+ were determined. It was found that the two accessions increased significantly in Na+ content above ground and underground after salt treatment, but decreased significantly in K+ content and K/Na value, and that the very highly salt tolerant accession was lower in Na+ content and higher in K+ content as against the very low salt tolerant accession. Reducing Na+ intake and maintaining high K+ content may be the mechanism of salt tolerance of P. vaginatum.
In order to obtain salt-tolerant Paspalum vaginatum Germplasm resources, the Salt tolerance system of Paspalum vaginatum was optimized and used to evaluate the salt tolerance of 27 accessions of P. vaginatum. The accessions were treated with NaCl at 7 levels of concentration (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 g·L−1) and their turf quality, leaf firing and leaf color were measured. The results showed that there were significant differences in the indicators of turf quality, leaf firing and leaf colour (P<0.05) between the P. vaginatum accessions under the NaCl treatments. With the increase of NaCl concentration, the P. vaginatum accessions were significantly higher in turf quality (P<0.05) and leaf firing (P<0.05), and significantly paler in leaf colour (P<0.05). A regression equation was established to determine the optimum salt treatment concentration for P. vaginatum at 25 g·L−1 with the leaf firing of 50% as a criterion. The NaCl concentration of 25 g·L−1 was used to evaluate the salt tolerance of 27 accessions of P. vaginatum, based on which two accessions, USA17-18 with very high salt tolerance and USA17-26 with very low salt tolerance or high salt sensitivity, were selected and their contents of Na+ and K+ were determined. It was found that the two accessions increased significantly in Na+ content above ground and underground after salt treatment, but decreased significantly in K+ content and K/Na value, and that the very highly salt tolerant accession was lower in Na+ content and higher in K+ content as against the very low salt tolerant accession. Reducing Na+ intake and maintaining high K+ content may be the mechanism of salt tolerance of P. vaginatum.
2020, 11(1): 20-24, 30.
doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.2020.01.004
Abstract:
A large film greenhouse with a semi-open top in Lingshui, Hainan was used to determine its environment parameters such as indoor and outdoor temperature, relative humidity, and light intensity during four seasons to explore its adaptability for annual crop production in tropical area. The findings show that the shading net in the greenhouse was effective in summer and autumn when closed at 15:00. The shading net was closed in winter and spring, or even supplemented with artificial light. The temperature in the greenhouse was 39.3 ℃ at maximum at noon in summer while it was appropriate in winter and spring. The indoor temperature at different heights of the greenhouse varied obviously in summer, but less in the other three seasons. The indoor average relative humidity in the four seasons was higher than the outdoor. The average relative humidity decreased with height and had a stepwise change in all seasons except summer. At night the average relative humidity in the four seasons was almost the same due to low difference of the temperature between heights. In conclusion, the large film greenhouse with semi-open top has a relatively stable environment which is conducive to annual production of crops in the greenhouse during the experiment.
A large film greenhouse with a semi-open top in Lingshui, Hainan was used to determine its environment parameters such as indoor and outdoor temperature, relative humidity, and light intensity during four seasons to explore its adaptability for annual crop production in tropical area. The findings show that the shading net in the greenhouse was effective in summer and autumn when closed at 15:00. The shading net was closed in winter and spring, or even supplemented with artificial light. The temperature in the greenhouse was 39.3 ℃ at maximum at noon in summer while it was appropriate in winter and spring. The indoor temperature at different heights of the greenhouse varied obviously in summer, but less in the other three seasons. The indoor average relative humidity in the four seasons was higher than the outdoor. The average relative humidity decreased with height and had a stepwise change in all seasons except summer. At night the average relative humidity in the four seasons was almost the same due to low difference of the temperature between heights. In conclusion, the large film greenhouse with semi-open top has a relatively stable environment which is conducive to annual production of crops in the greenhouse during the experiment.
2020, 11(1): 25-30.
doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.2020.01.005
Abstract:
Red-flesh pitaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus) was treated with nitrogen fertilizer at the respective levels of 0, 315, 450, 585, 800 kg·hm−2 under drip irrigation to analyze the effects of different nitrogen treatments on the growth and quality of pitaya fruit. The results showed that judicious nitrogen application rate promoted the growth of pitaya fruit, and that the amount of nitrogen needed for the fruit growth was different at the different growth stages. The amount of nitrogen applied to some extent affected the growth of fruit transverse diameter, but had little effect on the fruit longitudinal diameter. The effect of nitrogen application on the content of nitrogen and potassium in fruit increased firstly and then decreased, but there was no significant difference in nitrogen content among different treatments, but the effect of nitrogen application on phosphorus content was relatively small. The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents in the fruit and flowers were in the order of K > N > P, of which the ratio of N∶K was 1∶.20∶.12 in pitaya fruit and N∶P∶K = 1.00∶0.15∶2.13 in flowers. Nitrogen fertilizer application rate had different effects on the contents of soluble solids, titrable acids, soluble sugar and ascorbic acids in fruit at different harvest stages. It is recommended that in pitaya production pitaya should be applied with nitrogen at a rate based on Treatment 2 (450 kg·hm−2) and harvest stages.
Red-flesh pitaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus) was treated with nitrogen fertilizer at the respective levels of 0, 315, 450, 585, 800 kg·hm−2 under drip irrigation to analyze the effects of different nitrogen treatments on the growth and quality of pitaya fruit. The results showed that judicious nitrogen application rate promoted the growth of pitaya fruit, and that the amount of nitrogen needed for the fruit growth was different at the different growth stages. The amount of nitrogen applied to some extent affected the growth of fruit transverse diameter, but had little effect on the fruit longitudinal diameter. The effect of nitrogen application on the content of nitrogen and potassium in fruit increased firstly and then decreased, but there was no significant difference in nitrogen content among different treatments, but the effect of nitrogen application on phosphorus content was relatively small. The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents in the fruit and flowers were in the order of K > N > P, of which the ratio of N∶K was 1∶.20∶.12 in pitaya fruit and N∶P∶K = 1.00∶0.15∶2.13 in flowers. Nitrogen fertilizer application rate had different effects on the contents of soluble solids, titrable acids, soluble sugar and ascorbic acids in fruit at different harvest stages. It is recommended that in pitaya production pitaya should be applied with nitrogen at a rate based on Treatment 2 (450 kg·hm−2) and harvest stages.
2020, 11(1): 31-41.
doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.2020.01.006
Abstract:
Total alkaloids and total flavonoids content of the skin and seeds of the mature fruit of Areca catechu L. were determined by using colorimetric method to systematically study the main active ingredients and antioxidant activities of A. catechu L. fruit with different fruit shapes collected from different habitats in Hainan. The antioxidant capacity of the skin and seeds of the fruit was determined by using DPPH, ABTS and FRAP assays. SPSS software was used for principal component analysis and cluster analysis, and TOPSIS method was used for evaluation. The results showed that the morphological indicators and antioxidant capacity of mature A. catechu L. fruit from different habitats in Hainan were significantly different. The comprehensive ranking of TOPSIS showed that the fruit sample Baishiling 4 of A. catechu L. had the highest antioxidant capacity and that the fruit in full shape had a higher ABTS free radical scavenging capacity.
Total alkaloids and total flavonoids content of the skin and seeds of the mature fruit of Areca catechu L. were determined by using colorimetric method to systematically study the main active ingredients and antioxidant activities of A. catechu L. fruit with different fruit shapes collected from different habitats in Hainan. The antioxidant capacity of the skin and seeds of the fruit was determined by using DPPH, ABTS and FRAP assays. SPSS software was used for principal component analysis and cluster analysis, and TOPSIS method was used for evaluation. The results showed that the morphological indicators and antioxidant capacity of mature A. catechu L. fruit from different habitats in Hainan were significantly different. The comprehensive ranking of TOPSIS showed that the fruit sample Baishiling 4 of A. catechu L. had the highest antioxidant capacity and that the fruit in full shape had a higher ABTS free radical scavenging capacity.
2020, 11(1): 42-50.
doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.2020.01.007
Abstract:
A survey was made of the vascular plants in Zhubi Island and Yongshu Island, Nansha Islands, the southernmost of China in August 2019 in terms of species, growth status and source. The survey showed that there were 176 species (including variety and form) of vascular plants in these two islands, belonging to 145 genera and 48 families, of which 156 species were under 131 genera and 45 families in Zhubi Island and 105 species under 94 genera and 41 families in Yongshu Island. The vascular plants in this survey were much higher in number and diversity than those recorded in 2012. Based on plant species recorded in the surveys in neighouring Meiji Reef and Xisha Islands, some plant species were proposed to be planted for wind break, sand fixation or greening, or as edible herbs, vegetables or fruits in Nansha Islands to maintain ecological balance of plant communities and greening, provide vegetable supply and promote military and civilian integration in Nansha Islands in the future.
A survey was made of the vascular plants in Zhubi Island and Yongshu Island, Nansha Islands, the southernmost of China in August 2019 in terms of species, growth status and source. The survey showed that there were 176 species (including variety and form) of vascular plants in these two islands, belonging to 145 genera and 48 families, of which 156 species were under 131 genera and 45 families in Zhubi Island and 105 species under 94 genera and 41 families in Yongshu Island. The vascular plants in this survey were much higher in number and diversity than those recorded in 2012. Based on plant species recorded in the surveys in neighouring Meiji Reef and Xisha Islands, some plant species were proposed to be planted for wind break, sand fixation or greening, or as edible herbs, vegetables or fruits in Nansha Islands to maintain ecological balance of plant communities and greening, provide vegetable supply and promote military and civilian integration in Nansha Islands in the future.
2020, 11(1): 51-57, 91.
doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.2020.01.008
Abstract:
Dynamic change of forests and the service functions of the forest ecosystem in Hainan in recent 40 years were analyzed based on data from the eight forest inventories in Hainan and from continuous observation of the forest ecosystems and periodical forest inventories in Hainan. The results showed that the area, stock volume and ecological functions of the forests in Hainan had achieved "three rounds of growth". Since 1981, the forest area has been increasing year by year in Hainan. The forest areas was gradually stabilized after the fifth forest inventory (1994—1998), and was maximum (9 711 000 ha) after the eighth inventory (2009—2013), increasing by 2.63 times as compared to the third forest inventory. The stock volume of the forests in Hainan tended to increase from the second to the eighth forest inventories, and greatly from the third to the eighth inventories, increasing by 32.61%. From the third to the eighth forest inventories, the service functions of the forest ecosystem showed an increasing trend in Hainan. Water conservation was increased by 137.11%, from 3.482 billion t·a in the third forest inventory to 8.256 billion t·a in the eighth forest inventory; dust retention from 9.333 billion kg·a in the third forest inventory to 23.501 billion kg·a in the eighth forest inventory; the value of the forest ecosystem service functions during the 11th and 12th Five-Year Plan period was 112.659 billion yuan·a and 135.967 billion yuan·a in Hainan, respectively, increasing by 20.69%; the broadleaf mixed forests had the highest value in ecological service function. The findings are of great significance to further enhance people's awareness of forest protection, and promote the construction of national economic accounting system and the ecological civilization.ilization.
Dynamic change of forests and the service functions of the forest ecosystem in Hainan in recent 40 years were analyzed based on data from the eight forest inventories in Hainan and from continuous observation of the forest ecosystems and periodical forest inventories in Hainan. The results showed that the area, stock volume and ecological functions of the forests in Hainan had achieved "three rounds of growth". Since 1981, the forest area has been increasing year by year in Hainan. The forest areas was gradually stabilized after the fifth forest inventory (1994—1998), and was maximum (9 711 000 ha) after the eighth inventory (2009—2013), increasing by 2.63 times as compared to the third forest inventory. The stock volume of the forests in Hainan tended to increase from the second to the eighth forest inventories, and greatly from the third to the eighth inventories, increasing by 32.61%. From the third to the eighth forest inventories, the service functions of the forest ecosystem showed an increasing trend in Hainan. Water conservation was increased by 137.11%, from 3.482 billion t·a in the third forest inventory to 8.256 billion t·a in the eighth forest inventory; dust retention from 9.333 billion kg·a in the third forest inventory to 23.501 billion kg·a in the eighth forest inventory; the value of the forest ecosystem service functions during the 11th and 12th Five-Year Plan period was 112.659 billion yuan·a and 135.967 billion yuan·a in Hainan, respectively, increasing by 20.69%; the broadleaf mixed forests had the highest value in ecological service function. The findings are of great significance to further enhance people's awareness of forest protection, and promote the construction of national economic accounting system and the ecological civilization.ilization.
2020, 11(1): 58-62.
doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.2020.01.009
Abstract:
It has been reported that Oidium heveae triggers the disease resistance in model plant Arabidopsis thaliana in an Enhanced Disease Susceptibility 1 (EDS1) dependent manner, and EDS1 plays an important role in the signal pathway mediated by Toll-Interliukin 1 Receptor-nucleaotide binding-leucine-rich repeat (TIR-NB-LRR) type resistance genes. However, the upstream and downstream signaling of EDS1 is still unknown. In this study, A. thaliana Col-0 was inoculated with O. heveae HN1106, and we found the expression of ATAF2 gene, a member of plant NAC transcription factor family, was up-regulated 20 times after 4 days of inoculation as against 0 day of inoculation. Moreover, ATAF2 positively contributed to the disease resistance to O. heveae in A.thaliana. Furthermore, we found ATAF2 directly interacted with EDS1 in vitro and in vivo by GST pull-down and Co-immunoprecipitation assays, which lays a basis for the future study of EDS1 mediated resistance pathway.
It has been reported that Oidium heveae triggers the disease resistance in model plant Arabidopsis thaliana in an Enhanced Disease Susceptibility 1 (EDS1) dependent manner, and EDS1 plays an important role in the signal pathway mediated by Toll-Interliukin 1 Receptor-nucleaotide binding-leucine-rich repeat (TIR-NB-LRR) type resistance genes. However, the upstream and downstream signaling of EDS1 is still unknown. In this study, A. thaliana Col-0 was inoculated with O. heveae HN1106, and we found the expression of ATAF2 gene, a member of plant NAC transcription factor family, was up-regulated 20 times after 4 days of inoculation as against 0 day of inoculation. Moreover, ATAF2 positively contributed to the disease resistance to O. heveae in A.thaliana. Furthermore, we found ATAF2 directly interacted with EDS1 in vitro and in vivo by GST pull-down and Co-immunoprecipitation assays, which lays a basis for the future study of EDS1 mediated resistance pathway.
2020, 11(1): 63-71.
doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.2020.01.010
Abstract:
Based on the second survey of ancient and rare trees resources in Haikou, the species composition, flora, structural characteristics, growth potential and spatial distribution pattern of the ancient and rare tree resources in Haikou were analyzed by using a combined method of traditional analysis and GIS information technology. The results showed that: 1 684 ancient and rare trees (94 were famous trees) were found in Haikou, belonging to 51 species in 45 genera of 28 families. These ancient and rare trees were abundant in quantity and species. The dominant families of these trees were Combretaceae, Palmae, Sapindaceae and Mimosaceae. The native tree species
Based on the second survey of ancient and rare trees resources in Haikou, the species composition, flora, structural characteristics, growth potential and spatial distribution pattern of the ancient and rare tree resources in Haikou were analyzed by using a combined method of traditional analysis and GIS information technology. The results showed that: 1 684 ancient and rare trees (94 were famous trees) were found in Haikou, belonging to 51 species in 45 genera of 28 families. These ancient and rare trees were abundant in quantity and species. The dominant families of these trees were Combretaceae, Palmae, Sapindaceae and Mimosaceae. The native tree species
2020, 11(1): 72-78.
doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.2020.01.011
Abstract:
Bulbs of fresh jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam) was stored at 4 ℃ to observe the effect of their internal moisture immigration on their quality during the storage by using low-field nuclear magnetic resonance technology. The fresh jackfruit bulbs were determined in terms of total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acid (TA), color difference (∆E), weightlessness rate, relative conductivity, hardness, cohesiveness, gumminess and chewiness, and their correlation analysis of the parameters determined was conducted. The results showed that the moisture migration of the fresh jackfruit bulbs was divided into two stages during storage at 4 ℃. At the initial stage of cold storage, cell wall water and vacuolar water were migrated in the bulbs into cytoplasmic water and intercellular substance water, and the ∆E, TSS, weightlessness rate and relative conductivity of the bulbs increased continuously. With the storage the vacuolar water was migrated into the cell wall water, cytoplasmic water and intercellular substance water continuously, the internal water distribution was changed significantly, and the TA, hardness, gumminess and chewiness of the bulbs decreased continuously.
Bulbs of fresh jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam) was stored at 4 ℃ to observe the effect of their internal moisture immigration on their quality during the storage by using low-field nuclear magnetic resonance technology. The fresh jackfruit bulbs were determined in terms of total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acid (TA), color difference (∆E), weightlessness rate, relative conductivity, hardness, cohesiveness, gumminess and chewiness, and their correlation analysis of the parameters determined was conducted. The results showed that the moisture migration of the fresh jackfruit bulbs was divided into two stages during storage at 4 ℃. At the initial stage of cold storage, cell wall water and vacuolar water were migrated in the bulbs into cytoplasmic water and intercellular substance water, and the ∆E, TSS, weightlessness rate and relative conductivity of the bulbs increased continuously. With the storage the vacuolar water was migrated into the cell wall water, cytoplasmic water and intercellular substance water continuously, the internal water distribution was changed significantly, and the TA, hardness, gumminess and chewiness of the bulbs decreased continuously.
2020, 11(1): 79-83.
doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.2020.01.012
Abstract:
Street trees are an important part of urban garden plants. Study of planting density of the street trees is of great significance to the planning, design, management and maintenance of urban garden plants. Ten species of street trees in Haikou, Hainan were selected to measure their height, crown diameter and DBH, and their correlation between tree height and DBH and between crown diameter and DBH was analyzed. The measurement data were used for regression analysis by SPSS software in eight common growth models. The correlation data such as determination coefficient R2 and P value from the growth models for each tree species were compared, and then the model fitting effect was tested by the fitting accuracy test value (total error, average error, average relative error) to select the optimal growth models for the height and DBH and for the crown diameter and DBH of each tree species from the eight common growth models. The results showed that there was a significant correlation between the tree height and DBH and between the crown diameter and DBH of the 10 species of street trees. The optimal growth models for the tree height and DBH and for the crown diameter-DBH were high in accuracy, and most of them were listed as power function model and S model.
Street trees are an important part of urban garden plants. Study of planting density of the street trees is of great significance to the planning, design, management and maintenance of urban garden plants. Ten species of street trees in Haikou, Hainan were selected to measure their height, crown diameter and DBH, and their correlation between tree height and DBH and between crown diameter and DBH was analyzed. The measurement data were used for regression analysis by SPSS software in eight common growth models. The correlation data such as determination coefficient R2 and P value from the growth models for each tree species were compared, and then the model fitting effect was tested by the fitting accuracy test value (total error, average error, average relative error) to select the optimal growth models for the height and DBH and for the crown diameter and DBH of each tree species from the eight common growth models. The results showed that there was a significant correlation between the tree height and DBH and between the crown diameter and DBH of the 10 species of street trees. The optimal growth models for the tree height and DBH and for the crown diameter-DBH were high in accuracy, and most of them were listed as power function model and S model.
2020, 11(1): 84-91.
doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.2020.00.013
Abstract:
A Taoist cultural site Wenbifeng, a tourist attraction in Hainan, was selected for analysis of the relationship between tourists’ perception of Taoist cultural landscape and behavioral preference. An on-the-spot survey with questionnaires was made on 26-30 April 2019, and a total of 186 questionnaires were received for quantitative analysis. The results show that there was a quantitative relationship between Taoist cultural landscape situational awareness and behavioral preference, and that landscape context perception could be obtained through specific behavioral activities. Visitors’ perception of Xiuxian’s situation was influenced by learning activities. Visitors’ perception of natural situations was changed with the learning activities and rewarding activities, and the rewarding activities had a greater impact on the visitors’ perception of natural situations than the learning activities. Visitors’ perception of aesthetic situation was changed with the learning activities, rewarding activities and religious activities, among which the learning activities failed to increase the perception of aesthetic situations. Visitors’ perception of filial piety was changed with the learning activities and religious activities, and the religious activities had a greater impact on the visitor’s perception and filial piety than the learning activities.
A Taoist cultural site Wenbifeng, a tourist attraction in Hainan, was selected for analysis of the relationship between tourists’ perception of Taoist cultural landscape and behavioral preference. An on-the-spot survey with questionnaires was made on 26-30 April 2019, and a total of 186 questionnaires were received for quantitative analysis. The results show that there was a quantitative relationship between Taoist cultural landscape situational awareness and behavioral preference, and that landscape context perception could be obtained through specific behavioral activities. Visitors’ perception of Xiuxian’s situation was influenced by learning activities. Visitors’ perception of natural situations was changed with the learning activities and rewarding activities, and the rewarding activities had a greater impact on the visitors’ perception of natural situations than the learning activities. Visitors’ perception of aesthetic situation was changed with the learning activities, rewarding activities and religious activities, among which the learning activities failed to increase the perception of aesthetic situations. Visitors’ perception of filial piety was changed with the learning activities and religious activities, and the religious activities had a greater impact on the visitor’s perception and filial piety than the learning activities.
2020, 11(1): 92-99.
doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.2020.01.014
Abstract:
Three types of surface sediments in Dongzhai Harbor mangroves were collected for analysis of the changes of lead speciation patterns in the sediments with different aging time and soluble exogenous lead concentration by using indoor aging incubation experiment and modified BCR sequential extraction procedure. The results showed that the aging time had no significant effect on the reducible lead, but the effects of the aging time on the acid extractable lead, oxidizable lead and residual lead varied significantly with the types of the sediments. In the sediment A with aging, the acid extractable lead fraction increased and then decreased under all the concentrations of the soluble exogenous lead except 1 000 mg·kg−1 and the oxidizable lead fraction increased under the soluble exogenous lead concentrations of 0, 25, 250 mg·kg−1; in the sediment B the acid extractable lead fraction increased while the residual lead fraction decreased (except under 500 mg·kg−1); in the sediment C the residual lead fraction decreased under the soluble exogenous lead concentrations of 0, 25, 250, 500 mg·kg−1. In addition, the acid-extractable lead and reducible lead fractions increased in proportion but the residual lead fraction decreased in proportion in the sediments A and B for 30, 60 and 120 days of aging with lower concentrations of exogenous lead (25, 250, 500 mg·kg−1). In the sediment C the acid-extractable lead fraction decreased and residual lead fraction increased in proportion with increasing concentrations of exogenous lead after 30 days of aging. After 60 and 120 days of aging, the oxidizable lead fraction increased in proportion. Obviously, the lead mainly occurred in residual and reducible fractions in the sediments after aging. The initial concentration of exogenous lead had an effect on the time of lead speciation, and, the lead speciation was affected by the physiochemical properties of the sediments. The results reveal the environmental behavior of lead in mangrove sediments and provide a reference for remediation of heavy metal lead pollution in mangrove wetlands.
Three types of surface sediments in Dongzhai Harbor mangroves were collected for analysis of the changes of lead speciation patterns in the sediments with different aging time and soluble exogenous lead concentration by using indoor aging incubation experiment and modified BCR sequential extraction procedure. The results showed that the aging time had no significant effect on the reducible lead, but the effects of the aging time on the acid extractable lead, oxidizable lead and residual lead varied significantly with the types of the sediments. In the sediment A with aging, the acid extractable lead fraction increased and then decreased under all the concentrations of the soluble exogenous lead except 1 000 mg·kg−1 and the oxidizable lead fraction increased under the soluble exogenous lead concentrations of 0, 25, 250 mg·kg−1; in the sediment B the acid extractable lead fraction increased while the residual lead fraction decreased (except under 500 mg·kg−1); in the sediment C the residual lead fraction decreased under the soluble exogenous lead concentrations of 0, 25, 250, 500 mg·kg−1. In addition, the acid-extractable lead and reducible lead fractions increased in proportion but the residual lead fraction decreased in proportion in the sediments A and B for 30, 60 and 120 days of aging with lower concentrations of exogenous lead (25, 250, 500 mg·kg−1). In the sediment C the acid-extractable lead fraction decreased and residual lead fraction increased in proportion with increasing concentrations of exogenous lead after 30 days of aging. After 60 and 120 days of aging, the oxidizable lead fraction increased in proportion. Obviously, the lead mainly occurred in residual and reducible fractions in the sediments after aging. The initial concentration of exogenous lead had an effect on the time of lead speciation, and, the lead speciation was affected by the physiochemical properties of the sediments. The results reveal the environmental behavior of lead in mangrove sediments and provide a reference for remediation of heavy metal lead pollution in mangrove wetlands.
2020, 11(1): 100-104.
doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.2020.02.015
Abstract:
In order to overcome the limitations of root tip for chromosome preparation, tender leaves of Dioscorea alata L. Da40 were used to prepare chromosome samples by using enzymatic hydrolysis and wall degradation hypotonic method. Some important factors during the preparation, such as leaf age, pretreatment methods, enzymatic hydrolysis time, were discussed to optimize the chromosome preparation. The results showed that using the immediately expanded tender leaves pretreated with the solution of 0.002 mol·L−1 8-hydroxyquinoline at 4 ℃ for 2 hours, and then enzymolyzed with the mixture of 3.5% cellulase and 1.75% pectinase for 1 hour at 37 ℃ were proved to be the best for the chromosome preparation. Finally, fluorescence in situ hybridization was used with a probe of 45S rDNA sequence to detect the signal of 45S rDNA on chromosome, and these signals were recognizable and stable. These results indicated that tender leaf could be used for chromosome preparation of D. alata L. plants for FISH analysis, which provided a convenient and practical cytological method for the molecular cytogenetic study of D. alata L..
In order to overcome the limitations of root tip for chromosome preparation, tender leaves of Dioscorea alata L. Da40 were used to prepare chromosome samples by using enzymatic hydrolysis and wall degradation hypotonic method. Some important factors during the preparation, such as leaf age, pretreatment methods, enzymatic hydrolysis time, were discussed to optimize the chromosome preparation. The results showed that using the immediately expanded tender leaves pretreated with the solution of 0.002 mol·L−1 8-hydroxyquinoline at 4 ℃ for 2 hours, and then enzymolyzed with the mixture of 3.5% cellulase and 1.75% pectinase for 1 hour at 37 ℃ were proved to be the best for the chromosome preparation. Finally, fluorescence in situ hybridization was used with a probe of 45S rDNA sequence to detect the signal of 45S rDNA on chromosome, and these signals were recognizable and stable. These results indicated that tender leaf could be used for chromosome preparation of D. alata L. plants for FISH analysis, which provided a convenient and practical cytological method for the molecular cytogenetic study of D. alata L..
2020, 11(1): 105-110.
doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.2020.01.016
Abstract:
A Box-Behnken model was established by using the response surface methodology to optimize the ultrasonic extraction of cinnamaldehyde from dried twigs of cassia cinnamon (Cinnamonum cassia). The yield of cinnamaldehyde was used as the index to analyze the effects of solid-liquid ratio, extraction temperature, extraction time duration and ultrasonic wave power on the extraction efficiency of cinnamaldehyde from the dried cassia cinnamon twigs by using the single factor method. On the basis of the results, the extraction of cinnamaldehyde from the dried cassia cinnamon twigs was optimized by using the response surface methodology with four factors and three levels. The optimum conditions for the ultrasonic extraction of cinnamaldehyde were as follows: extraction temperature 58.69 °C, solid-liquid ratio 1∶11.6, extraction time duration 52.35 min, ultrasonic wave power 98.49 W, and the predicted model value 20.27 mg·g−1. Under the optimal extraction conditions, the yield of cinnamaldehyde was 20.04 mg·g−1, similar to the predicted value, with their relative deviation being 0.09%. The optimum conditions for extracting of cinnamaldehyde from the dried cassia cinnamon twigs were determined based on the response surface methodology, indicating this extraction method is feasible and practical.
A Box-Behnken model was established by using the response surface methodology to optimize the ultrasonic extraction of cinnamaldehyde from dried twigs of cassia cinnamon (Cinnamonum cassia). The yield of cinnamaldehyde was used as the index to analyze the effects of solid-liquid ratio, extraction temperature, extraction time duration and ultrasonic wave power on the extraction efficiency of cinnamaldehyde from the dried cassia cinnamon twigs by using the single factor method. On the basis of the results, the extraction of cinnamaldehyde from the dried cassia cinnamon twigs was optimized by using the response surface methodology with four factors and three levels. The optimum conditions for the ultrasonic extraction of cinnamaldehyde were as follows: extraction temperature 58.69 °C, solid-liquid ratio 1∶11.6, extraction time duration 52.35 min, ultrasonic wave power 98.49 W, and the predicted model value 20.27 mg·g−1. Under the optimal extraction conditions, the yield of cinnamaldehyde was 20.04 mg·g−1, similar to the predicted value, with their relative deviation being 0.09%. The optimum conditions for extracting of cinnamaldehyde from the dried cassia cinnamon twigs were determined based on the response surface methodology, indicating this extraction method is feasible and practical.
2020, 11(1): 111-117.
doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.2020.01.017
Abstract:
TRIM21 is closely associated with cancer, tumor, and innate immunity, etc. In order to detect TRIM21 gene expression quickly, primers were designed and synthesized according to the sequence of TRIM21 gene in the Genbank. The TRIM21 gene was amplified by conventional PCR and cloned into pMD-18T vector.After sequencing and identification, the recombinant plasmid was prepared and used for SYBR Green I real-time PCR to establish standard curves, based on which the PCR method was successfully established after repetition, specificity and sensitivity tests. This method was high in sensitivity, and its minimum detection limit was 37.7 copies·μL−1, which was 10 times higher than that of the conventional PCR. Three separate repetition tests of this method showed that the inter-assay and intra-assay repetitions had a lower coefficient of variation, less than 5%, indicating a high repetition. Meanwhile, TRIM21 expression was also detected in different cells. Therefore, the TRIM21 gene SYBR Green I real-time PCR method establishedshould behelpful for the detection of TRIM21 gene expression and clinical research.
TRIM21 is closely associated with cancer, tumor, and innate immunity, etc. In order to detect TRIM21 gene expression quickly, primers were designed and synthesized according to the sequence of TRIM21 gene in the Genbank. The TRIM21 gene was amplified by conventional PCR and cloned into pMD-18T vector.After sequencing and identification, the recombinant plasmid was prepared and used for SYBR Green I real-time PCR to establish standard curves, based on which the PCR method was successfully established after repetition, specificity and sensitivity tests. This method was high in sensitivity, and its minimum detection limit was 37.7 copies·μL−1, which was 10 times higher than that of the conventional PCR. Three separate repetition tests of this method showed that the inter-assay and intra-assay repetitions had a lower coefficient of variation, less than 5%, indicating a high repetition. Meanwhile, TRIM21 expression was also detected in different cells. Therefore, the TRIM21 gene SYBR Green I real-time PCR method establishedshould behelpful for the detection of TRIM21 gene expression and clinical research.
2020, 11(1): 118-124.
doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.2020.01.018
Abstract:
Trans fats and saturated fats are often introduced for use in the traditional plastic fatty food hydrogenation, which has caused problems such as the safety and nutrition of fat products. Numerous studies showed that a variety of oleogel systems had physical properties that mimic traditional plastic fat functions, leading to more and more in-depth research on the oleogel systems in the world. The research progress in polysaccharide gels were reviewed in classification, gelation mechanism, and application in oils in the aspects of structural and morphological characterization, rheological behaviour, and computer simulation. It is important to discover their potential applications in the food industry and other industries.
Trans fats and saturated fats are often introduced for use in the traditional plastic fatty food hydrogenation, which has caused problems such as the safety and nutrition of fat products. Numerous studies showed that a variety of oleogel systems had physical properties that mimic traditional plastic fat functions, leading to more and more in-depth research on the oleogel systems in the world. The research progress in polysaccharide gels were reviewed in classification, gelation mechanism, and application in oils in the aspects of structural and morphological characterization, rheological behaviour, and computer simulation. It is important to discover their potential applications in the food industry and other industries.
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