2014 Vol. 5, No. 4
2014, 5(4): 307-311.
doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.2014.04.001
Abstract
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Abstract:
The 8 growth traits of Litopenaeus vannamei at different stages,i. e. body weight（ y）,total length（ x1）,body length（ x2）,carapace length（ x3）,first abdominal segment height（ x4）,first abdominal segment width（ x5）,third abdominal segment height（ x6） and the third abdominal segment width（ x7） were determined by measuring,and the correlation coefficients between the traits,path coefficients and determination coefficients were calculated by using the correlation analysis,regression analysis and path analysis. The correlation analysis indicate that the correlation coefficients between any two of the 8 growth traits are significant（ P ＜ 0. 01）. A multiple regression equation of the body weight（ y） over the body length（ x2）,total length（ x1）,the third abdominal segment width（ x7） and the first abdominal segment width（ x5） is established by stepwise regression analysis: y = 0. 069x1+ 0. 202x2+ 0. 336x5+ 0. 577x7- 28. 026（ R2= 0. 955）. The path analysis show the body length had the highest direct effect on body weight,followed by the total length,the third abdominal segment width and the first abdominal segment width. The combination of the total length and the body length had the highest effect on the body weight,followed by the combination of both body length and the third abdominal segment width.
The 8 growth traits of Litopenaeus vannamei at different stages,i. e. body weight（ y）,total length（ x1）,body length（ x2）,carapace length（ x3）,first abdominal segment height（ x4）,first abdominal segment width（ x5）,third abdominal segment height（ x6） and the third abdominal segment width（ x7） were determined by measuring,and the correlation coefficients between the traits,path coefficients and determination coefficients were calculated by using the correlation analysis,regression analysis and path analysis. The correlation analysis indicate that the correlation coefficients between any two of the 8 growth traits are significant（ P ＜ 0. 01）. A multiple regression equation of the body weight（ y） over the body length（ x2）,total length（ x1）,the third abdominal segment width（ x7） and the first abdominal segment width（ x5） is established by stepwise regression analysis: y = 0. 069x1+ 0. 202x2+ 0. 336x5+ 0. 577x7- 28. 026（ R2= 0. 955）. The path analysis show the body length had the highest direct effect on body weight,followed by the total length,the third abdominal segment width and the first abdominal segment width. The combination of the total length and the body length had the highest effect on the body weight,followed by the combination of both body length and the third abdominal segment width.
2014, 5(4): 312-319,356.
doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.2014.04.002
Abstract:
Antagonistic bacteria against tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae were isolated using Radial Diffusion Assay（ RDA） method and identified using 16 S r DNA sequencing technique. A phylogenetic tree was also constructed to analyze the diversity of the antagonistic bacteria isolated. Intraperitoneal injection method was used to test the toxicity of the isolated antagonistic bacteria against tilapia fishes. Results showed that 59 of the 1 759 strains of the bacteria isolated from eight freshwater ponds showed strong antagonistic effect against Streptococcus agalactiae. The diameter of the inhibition zones ranged from 10. 6 mm to 30. 8 mm with an average value of 21. 9mm.The 16 S r DNA sequencing and phytogenetic tree analysis indicated that these 59 strains of bacteria belong to 5genus and 8 species,including genus Bacillus（ 45 strains）,genus Pseudomonas（ 5 strains）,genus Enterococcus（ 2 strains）,genus Paenibacillus（ 2 stains） and genus Staphylococcus（ 5 strains）. The toxicity tolerance test showed that 22 strains were nontoxic to tilapia fishes. These nontoxic strains can be used as alternative antagonistic bacterial strains to control and prevent from tilapia Streptococcus disease in the future.
Antagonistic bacteria against tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae were isolated using Radial Diffusion Assay（ RDA） method and identified using 16 S r DNA sequencing technique. A phylogenetic tree was also constructed to analyze the diversity of the antagonistic bacteria isolated. Intraperitoneal injection method was used to test the toxicity of the isolated antagonistic bacteria against tilapia fishes. Results showed that 59 of the 1 759 strains of the bacteria isolated from eight freshwater ponds showed strong antagonistic effect against Streptococcus agalactiae. The diameter of the inhibition zones ranged from 10. 6 mm to 30. 8 mm with an average value of 21. 9mm.The 16 S r DNA sequencing and phytogenetic tree analysis indicated that these 59 strains of bacteria belong to 5genus and 8 species,including genus Bacillus（ 45 strains）,genus Pseudomonas（ 5 strains）,genus Enterococcus（ 2 strains）,genus Paenibacillus（ 2 stains） and genus Staphylococcus（ 5 strains）. The toxicity tolerance test showed that 22 strains were nontoxic to tilapia fishes. These nontoxic strains can be used as alternative antagonistic bacterial strains to control and prevent from tilapia Streptococcus disease in the future.
2014, 5(4): 320-325.
doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.2014.04.003
Abstract:
Roots of rubber tree were collected and used to graft onto young budded plants at the nursery under different conditions such as rootgrafting materials,methods and time,and their survival rates were compared.The root graftings showed that the in vitro root graftings had a higher success rate than the in situ root graftings.The root-graftings had a higher success rate when the top-leaf whorl of the interim plants was at the stable leaf stage and the bud emerging stage of phenophase,and they had a high success rate in the rapid growth season from April to August and when the diameter and length of the root sections increased in a given range. The root sections 4 mm thick in diameter and 25 cm to 45 cm long were optimal for in vitro root grafting.
Roots of rubber tree were collected and used to graft onto young budded plants at the nursery under different conditions such as rootgrafting materials,methods and time,and their survival rates were compared.The root graftings showed that the in vitro root graftings had a higher success rate than the in situ root graftings.The root-graftings had a higher success rate when the top-leaf whorl of the interim plants was at the stable leaf stage and the bud emerging stage of phenophase,and they had a high success rate in the rapid growth season from April to August and when the diameter and length of the root sections increased in a given range. The root sections 4 mm thick in diameter and 25 cm to 45 cm long were optimal for in vitro root grafting.
2014, 5(4): 326-333.
doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.2014.04.004
Abstract:
The number of exons and introns of maize C4 PPDK gene is uncertain in the existing references and the annotation was incorrect in the database of maize inbred line B73 whose genome has been sequenced. We successfully cloned the c DNA of C4 PPDK gene from the leaves of the maize inbred line B73. The sequencing results indicated there were 19 exons and 18 introns in the PPDK of the maize line B73,which were different from those in the previous publication. We further characterized the function of C4 PPDK and its response to the low nitrogen treatment. There is no dramatic phenotypic difference between the wild type and the heterozygous ppdk mutant under either high or low N condition. However,the homozygous mutant could not survive without PPDK gene. The western blotting indicated that PPDK was involved in the low N response since the low N induced the accumulation of PPDK protein. These results provided useful information for identification of the relationship between PPDK and N metabolism.
The number of exons and introns of maize C4 PPDK gene is uncertain in the existing references and the annotation was incorrect in the database of maize inbred line B73 whose genome has been sequenced. We successfully cloned the c DNA of C4 PPDK gene from the leaves of the maize inbred line B73. The sequencing results indicated there were 19 exons and 18 introns in the PPDK of the maize line B73,which were different from those in the previous publication. We further characterized the function of C4 PPDK and its response to the low nitrogen treatment. There is no dramatic phenotypic difference between the wild type and the heterozygous ppdk mutant under either high or low N condition. However,the homozygous mutant could not survive without PPDK gene. The western blotting indicated that PPDK was involved in the low N response since the low N induced the accumulation of PPDK protein. These results provided useful information for identification of the relationship between PPDK and N metabolism.
2014, 5(4): 334-338.
doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.2014.04.005
Abstract:
Nine oleanane saponins were isolated from the rind of the rambutan（ Nephelium lappaceum） to determine their biocontrol activities against Panagrellus redivivus,Ralstonia solanacearum,Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. vasinfectum and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense,and the effect of the structures of these 9 compounds on the three pathogens was also analyzed. The 9 compounds were found to exhibit lethal activity against P. redivivus,and some compounds showed antagonism against R. solanacearum,F. oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum and F.oxysporum f. sp. cubense. Four compounds displayed their antagonism against all the tested pathogens. The compound structure analysis showed that the compounds with the acetyl group linked to the sugar moiety were better in antagonistic action against the pathogens than those with no acetyl group linked to the sugar moiety,indicating the acetyl group in the structure of oleanane saponins is an important active group in biocontrol activity.
Nine oleanane saponins were isolated from the rind of the rambutan（ Nephelium lappaceum） to determine their biocontrol activities against Panagrellus redivivus,Ralstonia solanacearum,Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. vasinfectum and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense,and the effect of the structures of these 9 compounds on the three pathogens was also analyzed. The 9 compounds were found to exhibit lethal activity against P. redivivus,and some compounds showed antagonism against R. solanacearum,F. oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum and F.oxysporum f. sp. cubense. Four compounds displayed their antagonism against all the tested pathogens. The compound structure analysis showed that the compounds with the acetyl group linked to the sugar moiety were better in antagonistic action against the pathogens than those with no acetyl group linked to the sugar moiety,indicating the acetyl group in the structure of oleanane saponins is an important active group in biocontrol activity.
2014, 5(4): 339-347.
doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.2014.04.006
Abstract:
Recently,soil secondary salinization has seriously restricted the development of the greenhouse agricultural industry,and most of the salt ions in the greenhouse soil were nutrient ions. Rational fertilization and the scientific control of the nutrients should be done to reduce the greenhouse soil secondary salinization. Two fertilization patterns,traditional fertilization and soil test based fertilization,were used in the green house to apply fertilizer to the vegetables,Brassica（ Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis Makino） and celery（ Apium graveolens L.）,and the nutrient content of soil and vegetables in the greenhouse were determined. The result showed that soil test based fertilization pattern（ STFP） could balance the soil nutrients,while the traditional fertilization pattern（ TFP） increased continuously the soil content of the phosphorous and sulfur which had been accumulated,worsening the imbalance of soil nutrients. The TFP celery had significantly higher nitrogen content in the aboveground part than the other treatments,while the nitrogen content of the under-ground part of the vegetables was not significantly different（ P ＜ 0. 05） among the treatments; phosphorous content was significantly different in Brassica among the treatments,the highest in the TFP treatment and the lowest in the STFP,while it was not significantly different in celery among the treatments; the STFP treated vegetables had higher potassium content in the underground part than the control,while the potassium content was not significantly different in the vegetables above the ground among the treatments; all the three treatments did not affect the Ca and Mg content of the vegetables as well as the sulfur content of the vegetables above the ground,while the STFP treatment gave a higher sulfur content of Brassica under the ground than the other treatments; the vegetables yielded higher in the STFP treatment than in the other treatments,and there was no significant difference between other treatments（ P ＞ 0. 05）. The TFP treatment was comparatively low in potassium content,and the other macro and secondary macro elements could meet the need of the vegetables growth,but the phosphorus and sulfur content was too high; the STFP improve the growing environment of vegetables by decreasing the application rate of the phosphorus and sulfur fertilizer and increasing the application rate of potassium fertilizer based on the soil nutrient conditions in the greenhouse,and the STFP can also effectively constrains the occurrence and development of the soil secondary salinization in the greenhouse and increase the yield of the vegetables. The STFP is a good measure to improve and control the greenhouse soil secondary salinization.
Recently,soil secondary salinization has seriously restricted the development of the greenhouse agricultural industry,and most of the salt ions in the greenhouse soil were nutrient ions. Rational fertilization and the scientific control of the nutrients should be done to reduce the greenhouse soil secondary salinization. Two fertilization patterns,traditional fertilization and soil test based fertilization,were used in the green house to apply fertilizer to the vegetables,Brassica（ Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis Makino） and celery（ Apium graveolens L.）,and the nutrient content of soil and vegetables in the greenhouse were determined. The result showed that soil test based fertilization pattern（ STFP） could balance the soil nutrients,while the traditional fertilization pattern（ TFP） increased continuously the soil content of the phosphorous and sulfur which had been accumulated,worsening the imbalance of soil nutrients. The TFP celery had significantly higher nitrogen content in the aboveground part than the other treatments,while the nitrogen content of the under-ground part of the vegetables was not significantly different（ P ＜ 0. 05） among the treatments; phosphorous content was significantly different in Brassica among the treatments,the highest in the TFP treatment and the lowest in the STFP,while it was not significantly different in celery among the treatments; the STFP treated vegetables had higher potassium content in the underground part than the control,while the potassium content was not significantly different in the vegetables above the ground among the treatments; all the three treatments did not affect the Ca and Mg content of the vegetables as well as the sulfur content of the vegetables above the ground,while the STFP treatment gave a higher sulfur content of Brassica under the ground than the other treatments; the vegetables yielded higher in the STFP treatment than in the other treatments,and there was no significant difference between other treatments（ P ＞ 0. 05）. The TFP treatment was comparatively low in potassium content,and the other macro and secondary macro elements could meet the need of the vegetables growth,but the phosphorus and sulfur content was too high; the STFP improve the growing environment of vegetables by decreasing the application rate of the phosphorus and sulfur fertilizer and increasing the application rate of potassium fertilizer based on the soil nutrient conditions in the greenhouse,and the STFP can also effectively constrains the occurrence and development of the soil secondary salinization in the greenhouse and increase the yield of the vegetables. The STFP is a good measure to improve and control the greenhouse soil secondary salinization.
2014, 5(4): 348-351.
doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.2014.04.007
Abstract:
Lagerstroemia balansae produces a large number of seeds in the wild but its ornamental utilization was hindered due to low rate of seed germination. The seeds collected were stored and germinated with plant growth regulators to observe their storage and germination. The seeds were found to have good water permeability but had a phenomenon of physiological ripening. L. balansae seeds should not be sown immediately after harvest.They needed a short-term storage at a low temperature of 4 ℃,and their best shelf life was 6 to 8 months. The seeds can be dry stored for a long time at an ambient temperature. They tended to have certain physiological dormancy. GA3 and IAA could effectively break its physiological dormancy. The seeds treated with GA3 at a rate of 200 mg·L-1had higher germination rates and their seedlings grew better,followed by the seeds treated with IAA treatment at a rate of 200 mg·L-1. 6- BA had no effect on germination of the seeds.
Lagerstroemia balansae produces a large number of seeds in the wild but its ornamental utilization was hindered due to low rate of seed germination. The seeds collected were stored and germinated with plant growth regulators to observe their storage and germination. The seeds were found to have good water permeability but had a phenomenon of physiological ripening. L. balansae seeds should not be sown immediately after harvest.They needed a short-term storage at a low temperature of 4 ℃,and their best shelf life was 6 to 8 months. The seeds can be dry stored for a long time at an ambient temperature. They tended to have certain physiological dormancy. GA3 and IAA could effectively break its physiological dormancy. The seeds treated with GA3 at a rate of 200 mg·L-1had higher germination rates and their seedlings grew better,followed by the seeds treated with IAA treatment at a rate of 200 mg·L-1. 6- BA had no effect on germination of the seeds.
2014, 5(4): 352-356.
doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.2014.04.008
Abstract:
Heliconia species originate in the neotropical region. The cold resistance and agronomic traits such as flowering stage,ornamental value,etc of 67 varieties of Heliconia species which were introduced to Hainan Island were successively identified for 3 years for comprehensive evaluation in the field nursery. Of the 67 varieties eight varieties were found suitable for cultivation in different locations of Hainan Province,including H. nickeriensis,H. caribaea×H. bihai ‘Jacquinii ’,H. bihai ‘Lobster Claw Two’,H. orthotricha ‘Imperial’,H chartacea ‘Sexy Pink’,H. psittacorum‘Vincent Red’,H. densiflora ‘Fire Flash’,H. stricta ‘Iris Bannochie’. The evaluations of the 67 varieties of Heliconia spp are valuable for genetic improvement,cultivation and exploitation of Heliconia germplasm
Heliconia species originate in the neotropical region. The cold resistance and agronomic traits such as flowering stage,ornamental value,etc of 67 varieties of Heliconia species which were introduced to Hainan Island were successively identified for 3 years for comprehensive evaluation in the field nursery. Of the 67 varieties eight varieties were found suitable for cultivation in different locations of Hainan Province,including H. nickeriensis,H. caribaea×H. bihai ‘Jacquinii ’,H. bihai ‘Lobster Claw Two’,H. orthotricha ‘Imperial’,H chartacea ‘Sexy Pink’,H. psittacorum‘Vincent Red’,H. densiflora ‘Fire Flash’,H. stricta ‘Iris Bannochie’. The evaluations of the 67 varieties of Heliconia spp are valuable for genetic improvement,cultivation and exploitation of Heliconia germplasm
2014, 5(4): 357-362,367.
doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.2014.04.009
Abstract:
Sargassum is one of the important economic algae in Hainan Province,China,and is high in biomass,rich in resource and wide in application. In recent years,there are a few studies about the species diversity of Sargassum in Hainan although coastal residents obtained huge economic benefits from Sargassum. The cognition of the diversity of this genus is insufficient. Two samples of Sargassum species with the largest biomass were collected in Haitou town,Danzhou,Hainan Province for morphological and molecular analysis. The morphological characteristics of the main parts such as frond,holdfast,stipe,branches,blades,vesicle and receptacles of these two samples of the Sargassum species were observed,and the gene sequence similarity of the two samples collected were compared by using the ITS. The results showed that these two samples were identified as Sargassum odontocarpum and Sargassum polycystum,respectively.
Sargassum is one of the important economic algae in Hainan Province,China,and is high in biomass,rich in resource and wide in application. In recent years,there are a few studies about the species diversity of Sargassum in Hainan although coastal residents obtained huge economic benefits from Sargassum. The cognition of the diversity of this genus is insufficient. Two samples of Sargassum species with the largest biomass were collected in Haitou town,Danzhou,Hainan Province for morphological and molecular analysis. The morphological characteristics of the main parts such as frond,holdfast,stipe,branches,blades,vesicle and receptacles of these two samples of the Sargassum species were observed,and the gene sequence similarity of the two samples collected were compared by using the ITS. The results showed that these two samples were identified as Sargassum odontocarpum and Sargassum polycystum,respectively.
2014, 5(4): 363-367.
doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.2014.04.010
Abstract:
Zhangzhou Narcissus（ Narcissus tazetta var. chinensis）,one of the 10 famous traditional flowers in China,was tissue cultured with bulb-scale and leaf segments as explants on the callus inducing and rooting mediums supplemented with different auxin combinations. Calli were induced from both segments on the mediums but no adventitious buds were developed from callus culture of bulb leaf segment. The optimal medium for adventitious bud formation from calli induced from bulb scale segments was MS + 6-BA 10 mg·L-1+ NAA 1. 0mg·L-1+ sucrose 30 g·L-1+ phytagel 3 g·L-1,and the optimal rooting medium was 1 /2 MS + NAA 0. 1 mg·L-1+ IBA 0. 1 mg·L-1+ sucrose30 g·L-1+ phytagel 0 g·L-1.
Zhangzhou Narcissus（ Narcissus tazetta var. chinensis）,one of the 10 famous traditional flowers in China,was tissue cultured with bulb-scale and leaf segments as explants on the callus inducing and rooting mediums supplemented with different auxin combinations. Calli were induced from both segments on the mediums but no adventitious buds were developed from callus culture of bulb leaf segment. The optimal medium for adventitious bud formation from calli induced from bulb scale segments was MS + 6-BA 10 mg·L-1+ NAA 1. 0mg·L-1+ sucrose 30 g·L-1+ phytagel 3 g·L-1,and the optimal rooting medium was 1 /2 MS + NAA 0. 1 mg·L-1+ IBA 0. 1 mg·L-1+ sucrose30 g·L-1+ phytagel 0 g·L-1.
2014, 5(4): 368-373.
doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.2014.04.011
Abstract:
Morinda citrifolia is a famous tropical medicinal plant. According to the retrieval,few reports are found about M. citrifolia germplasm resources. The genetic diversity of M. citrifolia was analyzed by using the SRAP molecular marker technology. The DNA of M. citrifolia was extracted by using the improved extraction method,and high purity of DNA was extracted. Seventy eight accessions of Morinda citrifolia germplasm were amplified by SRAP markers with 12 pairs of primers,and a total of 11 154 polymorphic bands were produced,of which 3 792 bands or 33. 99% are polymorphic,indicating good polymorphism among the germplasm. SRAP molecular marker clustering showed that 78 accessions of M. citrifolia germplasm were clustered into 2 groups when the genetic distance was 0. 66,namely,Hainan local and Paracel Islands as 1 group and the rest of the germplasm as the other group. The 78 accessions of M. citrifolia germplasm were clustered into 6 groups when the genetic distance was 0. 86 as the threshold,from the top to the bottom: Wanwei 2,Singapore,Tahitian,Wanwei 1,Hainan native,Paracel Islands. The clustering results showed a high similarity between Tahiti and Wanwei 1,which indicated that Tahiti had a higher genetic relationship with Wanwei 1,followed by the genetic relationship between Singapore and Wanwei 2.
Morinda citrifolia is a famous tropical medicinal plant. According to the retrieval,few reports are found about M. citrifolia germplasm resources. The genetic diversity of M. citrifolia was analyzed by using the SRAP molecular marker technology. The DNA of M. citrifolia was extracted by using the improved extraction method,and high purity of DNA was extracted. Seventy eight accessions of Morinda citrifolia germplasm were amplified by SRAP markers with 12 pairs of primers,and a total of 11 154 polymorphic bands were produced,of which 3 792 bands or 33. 99% are polymorphic,indicating good polymorphism among the germplasm. SRAP molecular marker clustering showed that 78 accessions of M. citrifolia germplasm were clustered into 2 groups when the genetic distance was 0. 66,namely,Hainan local and Paracel Islands as 1 group and the rest of the germplasm as the other group. The 78 accessions of M. citrifolia germplasm were clustered into 6 groups when the genetic distance was 0. 86 as the threshold,from the top to the bottom: Wanwei 2,Singapore,Tahitian,Wanwei 1,Hainan native,Paracel Islands. The clustering results showed a high similarity between Tahiti and Wanwei 1,which indicated that Tahiti had a higher genetic relationship with Wanwei 1,followed by the genetic relationship between Singapore and Wanwei 2.
2014, 5(4): 374-380.
doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.2014.04.012
Abstract:
Ligustrum lucidum Ait. was used as the experimental material for RAPD-PCR. Some important factors,such as the concentrations of Mg Cl2,d NTPs,random primers,Taq polymerase and template DNA as well as the annealing temperature and the cycles of amplification,were optimized by single factor experiment in order to establish the optimal RAPD-PCR system and procedure. Stable RAPD-PCR reaction parameters for L. lucidum Ait. were determined and optimized. 2. 5 μL 10×PCR buffer; 3. 0 μL 25 mmol · L-1Mg Cl2; 0. 5μL d NTPs,0. 4 μL Taq polymerase,1. 0 μL primers,and 60 ng DNA template were contained in 25 μL reaction solution. The PCR amplification program was to pre-denature at 94 ℃ for 4 min,then denature at 94 ℃ for 30 s,anneal at 38 ℃ for 45 s,extend at 72 ℃ for 2 min,and conduct 40 cycles with the last extension at 72 ℃ for 10 min. The amplified products were stored at 16 ℃. With this optimized RAPD reaction system the DNA of L. lucidum Ait. was amplified to produce rich,clear and repeatable bands.
Ligustrum lucidum Ait. was used as the experimental material for RAPD-PCR. Some important factors,such as the concentrations of Mg Cl2,d NTPs,random primers,Taq polymerase and template DNA as well as the annealing temperature and the cycles of amplification,were optimized by single factor experiment in order to establish the optimal RAPD-PCR system and procedure. Stable RAPD-PCR reaction parameters for L. lucidum Ait. were determined and optimized. 2. 5 μL 10×PCR buffer; 3. 0 μL 25 mmol · L-1Mg Cl2; 0. 5μL d NTPs,0. 4 μL Taq polymerase,1. 0 μL primers,and 60 ng DNA template were contained in 25 μL reaction solution. The PCR amplification program was to pre-denature at 94 ℃ for 4 min,then denature at 94 ℃ for 30 s,anneal at 38 ℃ for 45 s,extend at 72 ℃ for 2 min,and conduct 40 cycles with the last extension at 72 ℃ for 10 min. The amplified products were stored at 16 ℃. With this optimized RAPD reaction system the DNA of L. lucidum Ait. was amplified to produce rich,clear and repeatable bands.
2014, 5(4): 381-387,391.
doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.2014.04.013
Abstract:
An inventory was made of ferns at the Jianfengling Nature Reserve in Hainan,China and the literatures describing the ferns therein were consulted. At this Natural Reserve 165 species fern plants under 84 genera and 41 families were collected,of which 70 species can be used as Chinese medicine. These medicinal ferns and their medicinal values are described,and some suggestions are put forward for conservation and rational development for utilization of the ferns resources at the Natural Reserve in the future.
An inventory was made of ferns at the Jianfengling Nature Reserve in Hainan,China and the literatures describing the ferns therein were consulted. At this Natural Reserve 165 species fern plants under 84 genera and 41 families were collected,of which 70 species can be used as Chinese medicine. These medicinal ferns and their medicinal values are described,and some suggestions are put forward for conservation and rational development for utilization of the ferns resources at the Natural Reserve in the future.
2014, 5(4): 388-391.
doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.2014.04.014
Abstract:
The fresh edible part of Asystasia gangetica（ L.） T. Anders was collected and extracted,and the polyphenonic content in the extract was determined. The antioxidant activities of the extract were analyzed by using spectrophotometry with the ascorbic acid as control,including the scavenging activities of the extract on DPPH radical,ABTS radical and hydroxyl radical. The results showed that the extract from A. gangetica contained197 μg·mg-1 of polyphenols and had scavenging activities against DPPH radical,ABTS radical,and hydroxyl radical. A. gangetica contained antioxidant activity and hence is beneficial to human health.
The fresh edible part of Asystasia gangetica（ L.） T. Anders was collected and extracted,and the polyphenonic content in the extract was determined. The antioxidant activities of the extract were analyzed by using spectrophotometry with the ascorbic acid as control,including the scavenging activities of the extract on DPPH radical,ABTS radical and hydroxyl radical. The results showed that the extract from A. gangetica contained197 μg·mg-1 of polyphenols and had scavenging activities against DPPH radical,ABTS radical,and hydroxyl radical. A. gangetica contained antioxidant activity and hence is beneficial to human health.
2014, 5(4): 392-399.
doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.2014.04.015
Abstract:
A field survey was made of the medicinal plants,especially endangered medicinal plants living in Changjiang County（ including the National Nature Reserve of Bawang Mountain）,Hainan Province,China to analyze their population dynamics. A quadrat with 4 subquadrats was made at each representative site in the field survey to record the species,number of trees,tree height,DBH and number of young trees,as well as the geological locations,vegetation and altitude. Four endangered medicinal plant species,Aquilaria sinensis,Dimocarpus longan,Dracaena cambodiana and Litchi chinensis,were selected to analyze their patterns of population size class structure,static life table and the survival curve based on the field survey. Population size class structure analysis showed that both A. sinensis and D. longan populations had an increasing size-class structure,while D. cambodiana and L. chinensis populations had a decreasing and a stable size-class structure,respectively. A. sinensis and L. chinensis populations showed a survival curve of Deevey’s type Ⅱ,and D. cambodiana and D. longan populations had respective survival curves of Deevey’s types Ⅰ and Ⅲ. Combined with the analysis of the static life table the results showed that the size class structure generally tended to increase in both A.sinensis and D. longan populations but decreased in D. cambodiana population and was stable in L. chinensis population. This indicates that these four species of the endangered medicinal plants live in a degraded habitat with a high frequency of human disturbance and are hence recommended for protection and conservation.
A field survey was made of the medicinal plants,especially endangered medicinal plants living in Changjiang County（ including the National Nature Reserve of Bawang Mountain）,Hainan Province,China to analyze their population dynamics. A quadrat with 4 subquadrats was made at each representative site in the field survey to record the species,number of trees,tree height,DBH and number of young trees,as well as the geological locations,vegetation and altitude. Four endangered medicinal plant species,Aquilaria sinensis,Dimocarpus longan,Dracaena cambodiana and Litchi chinensis,were selected to analyze their patterns of population size class structure,static life table and the survival curve based on the field survey. Population size class structure analysis showed that both A. sinensis and D. longan populations had an increasing size-class structure,while D. cambodiana and L. chinensis populations had a decreasing and a stable size-class structure,respectively. A. sinensis and L. chinensis populations showed a survival curve of Deevey’s type Ⅱ,and D. cambodiana and D. longan populations had respective survival curves of Deevey’s types Ⅰ and Ⅲ. Combined with the analysis of the static life table the results showed that the size class structure generally tended to increase in both A.sinensis and D. longan populations but decreased in D. cambodiana population and was stable in L. chinensis population. This indicates that these four species of the endangered medicinal plants live in a degraded habitat with a high frequency of human disturbance and are hence recommended for protection and conservation.
2014, 5(4): 400-404.
doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.2014.04.016
Abstract:
A new method for quantitative determination of chromones in Agarwood（ Aquilaria sinensis） was established by using ultraviolet（ UV） spectrophotometry to detect ethanol extracts of 11 Agarwood samples. This method is precise,repeatable and stable and has a good recovery rate for the amount added. The eleven Agarwood samples were divided into three groups based on their chromones content of from 4. 5% to 27. 1%. The method is simple and quick,and provides a scientific method for determination of chromones content and for quality evaluation of Agarwood.
A new method for quantitative determination of chromones in Agarwood（ Aquilaria sinensis） was established by using ultraviolet（ UV） spectrophotometry to detect ethanol extracts of 11 Agarwood samples. This method is precise,repeatable and stable and has a good recovery rate for the amount added. The eleven Agarwood samples were divided into three groups based on their chromones content of from 4. 5% to 27. 1%. The method is simple and quick,and provides a scientific method for determination of chromones content and for quality evaluation of Agarwood.
2014, 5(4): 405-408.
doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.2014.04.017
Abstract:
Alternanthera philoxeroides（ alligator weed） is an invasive weed that can colonize both aquatic and terrestrial habitats and tolerate high concentration of salt. It grows quickly and invades almost all temperate and tropical areas of the world,including most provinces of South China. A. philoxeroides is one of the first batches of invasive species that cause serious damage. The progress on utilization and study of A. philoxeroides in recent years is reviewed. A. philoxeroides can be used in agriculture as raw material for fodder and fertilizer,mushroom cultivation,production of biogas,and rice breeding,in pollution control for water purification and accumulation of heavy metals,and in medical sciences as antibacterial,antiviral,liver-protecting and anti-tumor medicines.Meanwhile,future prospect on utilization of A. philoxeroides is discussed as well.
Alternanthera philoxeroides（ alligator weed） is an invasive weed that can colonize both aquatic and terrestrial habitats and tolerate high concentration of salt. It grows quickly and invades almost all temperate and tropical areas of the world,including most provinces of South China. A. philoxeroides is one of the first batches of invasive species that cause serious damage. The progress on utilization and study of A. philoxeroides in recent years is reviewed. A. philoxeroides can be used in agriculture as raw material for fodder and fertilizer,mushroom cultivation,production of biogas,and rice breeding,in pollution control for water purification and accumulation of heavy metals,and in medical sciences as antibacterial,antiviral,liver-protecting and anti-tumor medicines.Meanwhile,future prospect on utilization of A. philoxeroides is discussed as well.
2014, 5(4): 409-414.
Abstract:
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