2016 Vol. 7, No. 2
2016, 7(2): 147-152.
doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.2016.02.001
Abstract
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Abstract:
In order to explore the optimal co-culture pattern of Pinctada fucata martensii and macroalgae,three coculture patterns,including P. martensii and Caulerpa sertularioides,Caulerpa lentillifera and Eucheuma muricatum（ experimental groups）,and non-co-culture pattern（ control group） were compared. The changes of NH4+-N and NO3-N concentration and survival rate of the juveniles of P. fucata martensii were recorded. The results showed that the co-culture groups purified mariculture water more effectively with higher survival rate of oysters. The Caulerpa lentillifera group absorbed NH4+-N and NO3-N most effectively,which were 0. 015 ± 0. 003 mg·L-1and 0. 266 ± 0. 002 mg·L-1respectively,the lowest in the mariculture water,at 47 d and 49 d after the experiment,and had the highest survival rate of P. fucata martensii（ 93. 33%） and the highest daily weight increase（ 0. 86 g·d-1） of C. lentillifera. The oysters of the experimental groups had significantly higher daily increment of mean shell height than the control group（ P ＜ 0. 05）.
In order to explore the optimal co-culture pattern of Pinctada fucata martensii and macroalgae,three coculture patterns,including P. martensii and Caulerpa sertularioides,Caulerpa lentillifera and Eucheuma muricatum（ experimental groups）,and non-co-culture pattern（ control group） were compared. The changes of NH4+-N and NO3-N concentration and survival rate of the juveniles of P. fucata martensii were recorded. The results showed that the co-culture groups purified mariculture water more effectively with higher survival rate of oysters. The Caulerpa lentillifera group absorbed NH4+-N and NO3-N most effectively,which were 0. 015 ± 0. 003 mg·L-1and 0. 266 ± 0. 002 mg·L-1respectively,the lowest in the mariculture water,at 47 d and 49 d after the experiment,and had the highest survival rate of P. fucata martensii（ 93. 33%） and the highest daily weight increase（ 0. 86 g·d-1） of C. lentillifera. The oysters of the experimental groups had significantly higher daily increment of mean shell height than the control group（ P ＜ 0. 05）.
2016, 7(2): 153-158.
doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.2016.02.002
Abstract:
Bacterial adhesion is the first step of pathogenic infection. In order to explore the adhesion of pathogen Streptococcus agalactiae to the mucus of tilapia（ Oreochromis niloticus）,the effects of the mucus sources（ from skin,gill or intestines）,incubation time,incubation temperature,p H,and salinity on the bacterial adhesion were investigated using the indirect ELISA method. The results show that the adhesion of S. agalactiae to the mucus of tilapia was sensitive to incubation time,incubation temperature and p H,but not to salinity. When the incubation time was upto 120 min and the incubation temperature was 35 ℃,S. agalactiae produced maximum adhesion in the intestinal tract mucus( 4. 052 × 107 cfu ·m L-1),then in the skin mucus( 6. 480 ×106 cfu ·m L-1) and the least in the gill mucus( 2. 825 ×106 cfu·m L-1). When the incubation time was less than 180 min,the adhesion was positively correlated with the incubation time. When the incubation time was 180 min or longer,the adhesion reached saturation at 5 × 108 cfu·m L-1. S. agalactiae had a maximum adhesion to the mucus of the skin,gill and intestinal tract at p H 5. 0,7. 0 and 8. 0,respectively. These results will help us further understand the infection mechanism of pathogenic S. agalactiae in tilapia.
Bacterial adhesion is the first step of pathogenic infection. In order to explore the adhesion of pathogen Streptococcus agalactiae to the mucus of tilapia（ Oreochromis niloticus）,the effects of the mucus sources（ from skin,gill or intestines）,incubation time,incubation temperature,p H,and salinity on the bacterial adhesion were investigated using the indirect ELISA method. The results show that the adhesion of S. agalactiae to the mucus of tilapia was sensitive to incubation time,incubation temperature and p H,but not to salinity. When the incubation time was upto 120 min and the incubation temperature was 35 ℃,S. agalactiae produced maximum adhesion in the intestinal tract mucus( 4. 052 × 107 cfu ·m L-1),then in the skin mucus( 6. 480 ×106 cfu ·m L-1) and the least in the gill mucus( 2. 825 ×106 cfu·m L-1). When the incubation time was less than 180 min,the adhesion was positively correlated with the incubation time. When the incubation time was 180 min or longer,the adhesion reached saturation at 5 × 108 cfu·m L-1. S. agalactiae had a maximum adhesion to the mucus of the skin,gill and intestinal tract at p H 5. 0,7. 0 and 8. 0,respectively. These results will help us further understand the infection mechanism of pathogenic S. agalactiae in tilapia.
2016, 7(2): 159-163.
doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.2016.02.003
Abstract:
The embryonic developmental process of Haliotis ovina in the seas of China were observed microscopically to understand the life activity of H. ovina in ontogenesis. Observations showed that H. ovina mature eggs were spherical and beige,with an average egg diameter being（ 0. 19 ± 0. 02） mm. In the sea water under the salinity of 32 ‰ and water temperature of 28 ℃,it took 390 min for H. ovina to hatch from fertilization,with an average cumulative temperature of 156- 182 ℃ ·h-1. Morphological and characteristic observations showed the embryonic development process could be divided into 4 stages,fertilized egg stage,cell division stage,gastrula stage and trochelminth larval stage,and 11 development periods. H. ovina developed embryonically about 1hour faster than Haliotis discus hannai developing under suitable conditions but slower than H. diversicolor and H. asinine.
The embryonic developmental process of Haliotis ovina in the seas of China were observed microscopically to understand the life activity of H. ovina in ontogenesis. Observations showed that H. ovina mature eggs were spherical and beige,with an average egg diameter being（ 0. 19 ± 0. 02） mm. In the sea water under the salinity of 32 ‰ and water temperature of 28 ℃,it took 390 min for H. ovina to hatch from fertilization,with an average cumulative temperature of 156- 182 ℃ ·h-1. Morphological and characteristic observations showed the embryonic development process could be divided into 4 stages,fertilized egg stage,cell division stage,gastrula stage and trochelminth larval stage,and 11 development periods. H. ovina developed embryonically about 1hour faster than Haliotis discus hannai developing under suitable conditions but slower than H. diversicolor and H. asinine.
2016, 7(2): 164-166.
doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.2016.02.004
Abstract:
Freeze-drying technology was used to prepare Konjac glucomannan aerogel which was used to treat a marine pollutant degrading bacterium Lactobacillus acidophilus to observe the immobilization of pollutants by L.acidophilus in a view to improving the bacterial degrading of marine pollutants. Scanning electron microscopy（ SEM） was used to analyze the structure and the storage stability of immobilized L. acidophilus aerogel. Results reveals that the aerogel contained a large number of interconnected pore structures,uniformly distributed,with thick and smooth pore wall and clearly formed channels. The immobilized L. acidophilus aerogel had longer storage duration than the freeze-dried L. acidophilus powder,and its storage stability was enhanced.
Freeze-drying technology was used to prepare Konjac glucomannan aerogel which was used to treat a marine pollutant degrading bacterium Lactobacillus acidophilus to observe the immobilization of pollutants by L.acidophilus in a view to improving the bacterial degrading of marine pollutants. Scanning electron microscopy（ SEM） was used to analyze the structure and the storage stability of immobilized L. acidophilus aerogel. Results reveals that the aerogel contained a large number of interconnected pore structures,uniformly distributed,with thick and smooth pore wall and clearly formed channels. The immobilized L. acidophilus aerogel had longer storage duration than the freeze-dried L. acidophilus powder,and its storage stability was enhanced.
2016, 7(2): 167-170.
doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.2016.02.005
Abstract:
Pomacea canaliculata is one of IUCN Red List of Threatened Species,and has caused serious damages to some crops in China. A survey was made of the invasion pathways,current situations and characteristics and the prevention and control measures of P. canaliculata,based on which its control measures in Hainan are suggested. A risk assay and early warning monitoring system was proposed to establish to strengthen integrated management of P. canaliculata,and a set of sustainable integrated technical control system combining agricultural,physical and chemical controls should be developed to curb the spread of P. canaliculata.
Pomacea canaliculata is one of IUCN Red List of Threatened Species,and has caused serious damages to some crops in China. A survey was made of the invasion pathways,current situations and characteristics and the prevention and control measures of P. canaliculata,based on which its control measures in Hainan are suggested. A risk assay and early warning monitoring system was proposed to establish to strengthen integrated management of P. canaliculata,and a set of sustainable integrated technical control system combining agricultural,physical and chemical controls should be developed to curb the spread of P. canaliculata.
2016, 7(2): 171-176.
doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.2016.02.006
Abstract:
A survey of the tropical aquatic fingerlings industry in Hainan,China was made to have a good picture of the industry development and find some solutions to the problems arising from the industry for its betterment. Visits were paid to the national,provincial aquatic breeding farms,associations of South China Sea tropical fish,shrimp,tilapia,tropical fish and other aquatic fingerlings,key fingerlings production companies and large nursery fields at provincial and county/city levels,etc in Hainan Province,and the data on the production and sales of aquatic enterprises in all the cities and counties in recent years were also collected. This survey summarized and analyzed the development status,advantages and issues of tropical aquatic fingerlings industry in Hainan,based on which were put forward some key development directions and recommendations for development of Hainan tropical aquatic fingerlings industry in the next five years.
A survey of the tropical aquatic fingerlings industry in Hainan,China was made to have a good picture of the industry development and find some solutions to the problems arising from the industry for its betterment. Visits were paid to the national,provincial aquatic breeding farms,associations of South China Sea tropical fish,shrimp,tilapia,tropical fish and other aquatic fingerlings,key fingerlings production companies and large nursery fields at provincial and county/city levels,etc in Hainan Province,and the data on the production and sales of aquatic enterprises in all the cities and counties in recent years were also collected. This survey summarized and analyzed the development status,advantages and issues of tropical aquatic fingerlings industry in Hainan,based on which were put forward some key development directions and recommendations for development of Hainan tropical aquatic fingerlings industry in the next five years.
2016, 7(2): 177-184.
doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.2016.02.007
Abstract:
Phytoplankton are significant producers in marine ecosystem,and are also important indicators in marine environmental monitoring work. The temporal variation of phytoplankton communities at Li ’an Lagoon in Hainan was investigated,and total 98 species belonging to 48 genera were identified at the lagoon. The phytoplankton abundance ranged from 7. 92 ×105 cells·L-1to 7. 5 ×106 cells·L-1,and Bacillariophyta accounted for 93%~99% of the total,while Pyrrophyta was 0~5%. The dominant species were Cyclotella sp. Rhizosolenia delicatula,Tharassiosira sp. Tharassionema nitzschioides,Leptocylindrus danicus,Nitzschia pungens,Rhizosolenia setigera,Skeletonema costatum,Coscinodiscus sp.,Rhizosolenia fragilissima and Biddulphia sp. et al. It was found that the species composition and abundance of phytoplankton communities showed obviously different patterns within a month. PRIMER v6 CLUSTER identified an apparent similarity of phytoplankton communities from the samples during the period from November 3 to 15,2014,but without significant difference between the culture area and the non-culture area. PRIMER v6 BEST analysis indicated that water pellucidity,salinity and chlorophyll a were significantly correlated to the phytoplankton communities. Meanwhile,the phytoplankton community structure was also influenced by the distinctive tropical lagoon environment and the local instant weather.
Phytoplankton are significant producers in marine ecosystem,and are also important indicators in marine environmental monitoring work. The temporal variation of phytoplankton communities at Li ’an Lagoon in Hainan was investigated,and total 98 species belonging to 48 genera were identified at the lagoon. The phytoplankton abundance ranged from 7. 92 ×105 cells·L-1to 7. 5 ×106 cells·L-1,and Bacillariophyta accounted for 93%~99% of the total,while Pyrrophyta was 0~5%. The dominant species were Cyclotella sp. Rhizosolenia delicatula,Tharassiosira sp. Tharassionema nitzschioides,Leptocylindrus danicus,Nitzschia pungens,Rhizosolenia setigera,Skeletonema costatum,Coscinodiscus sp.,Rhizosolenia fragilissima and Biddulphia sp. et al. It was found that the species composition and abundance of phytoplankton communities showed obviously different patterns within a month. PRIMER v6 CLUSTER identified an apparent similarity of phytoplankton communities from the samples during the period from November 3 to 15,2014,but without significant difference between the culture area and the non-culture area. PRIMER v6 BEST analysis indicated that water pellucidity,salinity and chlorophyll a were significantly correlated to the phytoplankton communities. Meanwhile,the phytoplankton community structure was also influenced by the distinctive tropical lagoon environment and the local instant weather.
2016, 7(2): 185-189.
doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.2016.02.008
Abstract:
The vegetations are diverse in types with abundance of plant resources in Exianling region of Hainan Province,China. A survey of wide flowers resources was made in the Exianling Nature Reserve,and the species composition,growth form and ornamental traits of the wide flowers resources and their potential use in landscape were observed and analyzed. The survey showed that the wild flowers resources in Exianling Natural Reserve are abundant in species and complete in growth form,and that numerous wild flowers had unique ornamental traits and gave high tolerance to stress,which gives a high ornamental value and potential for landscaping.
The vegetations are diverse in types with abundance of plant resources in Exianling region of Hainan Province,China. A survey of wide flowers resources was made in the Exianling Nature Reserve,and the species composition,growth form and ornamental traits of the wide flowers resources and their potential use in landscape were observed and analyzed. The survey showed that the wild flowers resources in Exianling Natural Reserve are abundant in species and complete in growth form,and that numerous wild flowers had unique ornamental traits and gave high tolerance to stress,which gives a high ornamental value and potential for landscaping.
2016, 7(2): 190-198.
doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.2016.02.009
Abstract:
With the increasing demand of private garden design,garden owners have started to pay much more attention to healthcare visual effect. Healthcare landscape emphasizes healthcare functions in the garden,which matches well the latest model according to the residents’ demand for their living condition,especially in the tropical and subtropical areas. It is of positive significance to introduce the concepts of healthcare plants to the private garden design. The main categories of tropical and subtropical healthcare plants and their healthcare functions in private gardens are briefly introduced based on the literatures and documents on domestic and abroad healthcare plants. The plant design principles of private gardens are discussed based on the healthcare demand of different garden owners and their psychological and physiological characteristics. This review might provide a reference and a new sight for development of private healthcare gardens.
With the increasing demand of private garden design,garden owners have started to pay much more attention to healthcare visual effect. Healthcare landscape emphasizes healthcare functions in the garden,which matches well the latest model according to the residents’ demand for their living condition,especially in the tropical and subtropical areas. It is of positive significance to introduce the concepts of healthcare plants to the private garden design. The main categories of tropical and subtropical healthcare plants and their healthcare functions in private gardens are briefly introduced based on the literatures and documents on domestic and abroad healthcare plants. The plant design principles of private gardens are discussed based on the healthcare demand of different garden owners and their psychological and physiological characteristics. This review might provide a reference and a new sight for development of private healthcare gardens.
2016, 7(2): 199-203.
doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.2016.02.010
Abstract:
An attempt was made to determine the changes in enzyme activities of petals and sepals of cut-flower Oncidium orchid at different opening stages to study the physiological mechanism of senescence of orchid cut flowers. The results showed that peroxidase（ POD） activity continuously increased during the whole life span of the flower,and that superoxide dismutase（ SOD） activity rose to the peak at the pre-blooming stage and then decreased,while protease activity of the petals and sepals increased slowly,reached a maximum value at the pre-blooming and half-opened stage,then decreased sharply in the petals and sepals during the development and senescence of Oncidium orchid cut flower,respectively. This study reveals the changing modes of activities of three enzymes in the petals and sepals of cut flowers of Oncidium orchid at different opening stages. The results can be used to explain the mechanism of Oncidium flower senescence and provide the basis for varietal improvement of Oncidium orchid with longer vase life through genetic engineering in the future.
An attempt was made to determine the changes in enzyme activities of petals and sepals of cut-flower Oncidium orchid at different opening stages to study the physiological mechanism of senescence of orchid cut flowers. The results showed that peroxidase（ POD） activity continuously increased during the whole life span of the flower,and that superoxide dismutase（ SOD） activity rose to the peak at the pre-blooming stage and then decreased,while protease activity of the petals and sepals increased slowly,reached a maximum value at the pre-blooming and half-opened stage,then decreased sharply in the petals and sepals during the development and senescence of Oncidium orchid cut flower,respectively. This study reveals the changing modes of activities of three enzymes in the petals and sepals of cut flowers of Oncidium orchid at different opening stages. The results can be used to explain the mechanism of Oncidium flower senescence and provide the basis for varietal improvement of Oncidium orchid with longer vase life through genetic engineering in the future.
2016, 7(2): 204-210.
doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.2016.02.011
Abstract:
This study takes the latosols developed from granite parent material soil that under the natural secondary tropical rain forest,the first generation rubber plantation and the second generation rubber plantation in Hainan as the research object making scientific researches on the changes of soil organic compositions and migration in the soil. The results showed that the natural secondary forest in the 0- 20 cm soil layer,soil organic carbon and carbon content of each unit were significantly higher than the first generation and the second generation rubber plantation. Soil organic carbon,particulate organic carbon,humic acid and carbon black carbon content of the first generation rubber plantation were significantly higher than that of the second generation. The fulvic acid and GRSP carbon content of the second generation were decreased,but with the first generation had no significant difference. In the 20- 40 cm soil layer,the soil organic carbon and organic compositions of natural secondary forest and first generation rubber plantation were not significantly different. Organic carbon,particulate organic carbon,humic acid and carbon black carbon content of the natural forest soil were significantly higher than that of the second generation. The soil particulate organic carbon and Humin acid carbon content of first generation rubber plantation were significantly higher than the second generation rubber plantation but the difference of other organic compositions carbon content was not significant. With rubber planting and rubber continuous cropping,soil organic matter and the organic compositions were greatly reduced. At the same time,it had affected the distribution of organic components in the surface and subsurface. Natural secondary forest soil had obvious surface accumulation but the difference was not significantly in rubber plantation.
This study takes the latosols developed from granite parent material soil that under the natural secondary tropical rain forest,the first generation rubber plantation and the second generation rubber plantation in Hainan as the research object making scientific researches on the changes of soil organic compositions and migration in the soil. The results showed that the natural secondary forest in the 0- 20 cm soil layer,soil organic carbon and carbon content of each unit were significantly higher than the first generation and the second generation rubber plantation. Soil organic carbon,particulate organic carbon,humic acid and carbon black carbon content of the first generation rubber plantation were significantly higher than that of the second generation. The fulvic acid and GRSP carbon content of the second generation were decreased,but with the first generation had no significant difference. In the 20- 40 cm soil layer,the soil organic carbon and organic compositions of natural secondary forest and first generation rubber plantation were not significantly different. Organic carbon,particulate organic carbon,humic acid and carbon black carbon content of the natural forest soil were significantly higher than that of the second generation. The soil particulate organic carbon and Humin acid carbon content of first generation rubber plantation were significantly higher than the second generation rubber plantation but the difference of other organic compositions carbon content was not significant. With rubber planting and rubber continuous cropping,soil organic matter and the organic compositions were greatly reduced. At the same time,it had affected the distribution of organic components in the surface and subsurface. Natural secondary forest soil had obvious surface accumulation but the difference was not significantly in rubber plantation.
2016, 7(2): 211-214.
doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.2016.02.012
Abstract:
Typhoon is a frequent natural disaster attacking rubber plantations in Hainan,China. In order to understand the relationship between tree height and wind damages to rubber trees three softwares,GAMBIT,ANSYS（ FLUENT） and CFD-POST,were used to simulate and analyze the varying relationships between wind velocity and wind pressure with the rubber tree height as a basis. The result showed that the rubber tree was positively correlated with wind velocity and wind pressure. For each 3 m increase in tree height the wind velocity and the wind pressure increased by 7. 7% and 15. 8%.
Typhoon is a frequent natural disaster attacking rubber plantations in Hainan,China. In order to understand the relationship between tree height and wind damages to rubber trees three softwares,GAMBIT,ANSYS（ FLUENT） and CFD-POST,were used to simulate and analyze the varying relationships between wind velocity and wind pressure with the rubber tree height as a basis. The result showed that the rubber tree was positively correlated with wind velocity and wind pressure. For each 3 m increase in tree height the wind velocity and the wind pressure increased by 7. 7% and 15. 8%.
2016, 7(2): 215-219.
doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.2016.02.013
Abstract:
‘Sunrise’papaya fruits were pre-treated by 1-methylcyclopropene（ 1-MCP） for 10,20,and 30 days and then treated with ethephon at 0. 5 g·L-1to observe their storage quality and softening changes as well as their ‘rubbery’texture. As compared with the 1-MCP treatment,the 1-MCP + ETH treatments can promote drop in fruit firmness to some extent,and accelerated the degradation of pectin,which is due to the treatment of ethephon improving Endo-1,4-xylanase and Beta- galactosidase activities. The increase of cellulose and lignin content was closely related to the water loss during storage. Considering the effects of ethephon treatment at different time on measurement indicators,the 1-MCP +（ 20 d） ETH treatment produced the best effect on alleviation of the ‘rubbery’phenomenon of papaya fruits.
‘Sunrise’papaya fruits were pre-treated by 1-methylcyclopropene（ 1-MCP） for 10,20,and 30 days and then treated with ethephon at 0. 5 g·L-1to observe their storage quality and softening changes as well as their ‘rubbery’texture. As compared with the 1-MCP treatment,the 1-MCP + ETH treatments can promote drop in fruit firmness to some extent,and accelerated the degradation of pectin,which is due to the treatment of ethephon improving Endo-1,4-xylanase and Beta- galactosidase activities. The increase of cellulose and lignin content was closely related to the water loss during storage. Considering the effects of ethephon treatment at different time on measurement indicators,the 1-MCP +（ 20 d） ETH treatment produced the best effect on alleviation of the ‘rubbery’phenomenon of papaya fruits.
2016, 7(2): 220-223.
doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.2016.02.014
Abstract:
Papaya fruit collected from Papaya variety Zhongbai（ Carica papaya L.） were treated by coating with chitosan at three different concentrations and stored at a room temperature of 25 ℃ to observe their quality. The results showed that chitosan coating significantly reduced moisture loss,increased superoxide dimutase（ SOD）activity,and decreased the accumulation of malondialdehyde（ MDA） from papaya fruits. The fruit treated with chitosan coating showed better fruit firmness and a delayed senescence. Of all the treatments the fruits coated with a 10% concentration of chitosan were best fresh kept.
Papaya fruit collected from Papaya variety Zhongbai（ Carica papaya L.） were treated by coating with chitosan at three different concentrations and stored at a room temperature of 25 ℃ to observe their quality. The results showed that chitosan coating significantly reduced moisture loss,increased superoxide dimutase（ SOD）activity,and decreased the accumulation of malondialdehyde（ MDA） from papaya fruits. The fruit treated with chitosan coating showed better fruit firmness and a delayed senescence. Of all the treatments the fruits coated with a 10% concentration of chitosan were best fresh kept.
2016, 7(2): 224-231.
doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.2016.02.015
Abstract:
Eighteen cultivars of Chinese flowering cabbages( Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis var. utillis Tsen et Lee were planted in a plastic green house in Haikou,Hainan Province,China with a complete randomized block design and 3 replications. Their phenophase and 9 botanical characters were observed and recorded,and their output and important nutritional qualities registered. The result showed that Bilyu 60-day Sweet Choi Sum and NZ-Pazhou 60-day Sweet Choi Sum in the glossy green leaf cultivars yielded higher than the control Yellowleaf Choi Sum 49-19,without significant difference in the protein,chlorophyll and soluble solids content but significant difference in vitamin C content against the control. In the yellowish green leaf cultivars Hainan Choi Sum 49 and Choi Sum 49-19 yielded lower than the control with lower soluble solids content and performed poorer.Guangfu Green Choi Sum and Qingchun Choi Sum in the dark green leaf cultivars yielded lower than the control with no significant difference but contained higher soluble solids and vitamin C. It is concluded that Bilyu 60-day Sweet Choi Sum and NZ-Pazhou 60-day Sweet Choi Sum in the glossy green leaf cultivars,Yellowleaf Choi Sum 49-19 in the yellowish green leaf cultivars,and Guangfu Green Choi Sum and Qingchun Choi Sum in the dark green leaf cultivars are suitable for growing in the greenhouse in summer and fall in Hainan.
Eighteen cultivars of Chinese flowering cabbages( Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis var. utillis Tsen et Lee were planted in a plastic green house in Haikou,Hainan Province,China with a complete randomized block design and 3 replications. Their phenophase and 9 botanical characters were observed and recorded,and their output and important nutritional qualities registered. The result showed that Bilyu 60-day Sweet Choi Sum and NZ-Pazhou 60-day Sweet Choi Sum in the glossy green leaf cultivars yielded higher than the control Yellowleaf Choi Sum 49-19,without significant difference in the protein,chlorophyll and soluble solids content but significant difference in vitamin C content against the control. In the yellowish green leaf cultivars Hainan Choi Sum 49 and Choi Sum 49-19 yielded lower than the control with lower soluble solids content and performed poorer.Guangfu Green Choi Sum and Qingchun Choi Sum in the dark green leaf cultivars yielded lower than the control with no significant difference but contained higher soluble solids and vitamin C. It is concluded that Bilyu 60-day Sweet Choi Sum and NZ-Pazhou 60-day Sweet Choi Sum in the glossy green leaf cultivars,Yellowleaf Choi Sum 49-19 in the yellowish green leaf cultivars,and Guangfu Green Choi Sum and Qingchun Choi Sum in the dark green leaf cultivars are suitable for growing in the greenhouse in summer and fall in Hainan.
2016, 7(2): 232-236.
doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.2016.02.016
Abstract:
A simple and effective method for construction of the T-vector with high efficiency and low background was developed under the universal conditions in laboratory for improving the efficiency of PCR products cloning.The ccdB gene fragment containing restriction enzyme cleavage site was inserted as a medium DNA to the vector backbone p MD19-T Simple. The recombinant plasmid was confirmed by PCR identification,digestion pattern and sequencing,and the recombinant plasmid can then produce a liner T-vector by Xcm I restriction enzyme digestion. This T-vector reduced the background interference of vector self-ligation,and improved the efficiency of T-A cloning with high positive cloning rate. The vector had not only high efficiency and low background but also many advantages of p MD19-T Simple vector,and its preparation was quite simple and convenient for molecular cloning.
A simple and effective method for construction of the T-vector with high efficiency and low background was developed under the universal conditions in laboratory for improving the efficiency of PCR products cloning.The ccdB gene fragment containing restriction enzyme cleavage site was inserted as a medium DNA to the vector backbone p MD19-T Simple. The recombinant plasmid was confirmed by PCR identification,digestion pattern and sequencing,and the recombinant plasmid can then produce a liner T-vector by Xcm I restriction enzyme digestion. This T-vector reduced the background interference of vector self-ligation,and improved the efficiency of T-A cloning with high positive cloning rate. The vector had not only high efficiency and low background but also many advantages of p MD19-T Simple vector,and its preparation was quite simple and convenient for molecular cloning.
2016, 7(2): 237-245.
doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.2016.02.017
Abstract:
microRNAs（ miRNAs） are a class of 21- 23 nucleotides long non-encoding RNA molecules in eukaryotic organisms,which play an important role in gene regulation by translation cutting or inhibition of target mRNA at the post transcriptional level. The expressions of miRNA are more rapid than those of the coding genes,are not influenced by the translation process,and have high regulation efficiency in the expression of target mRNA,and plant miRNAs play key roles in response or tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses,growth and epigenetic inheritance. In this study,miRNAs in banana were predicted by using the bio-informatics methods. The BLAST searching between miRNAs of known plants from miRBase database and those of banana from the EST and GSS database showed that 16 conserved miRNAs in banana were grouped into 9 miRNA families: three from ETS database,and 13 miRNAs from GSS database. The target genes were then predicted with online software psRNATarget,and 168 target genes were found encoding many proteins and involving many biological processes.
microRNAs（ miRNAs） are a class of 21- 23 nucleotides long non-encoding RNA molecules in eukaryotic organisms,which play an important role in gene regulation by translation cutting or inhibition of target mRNA at the post transcriptional level. The expressions of miRNA are more rapid than those of the coding genes,are not influenced by the translation process,and have high regulation efficiency in the expression of target mRNA,and plant miRNAs play key roles in response or tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses,growth and epigenetic inheritance. In this study,miRNAs in banana were predicted by using the bio-informatics methods. The BLAST searching between miRNAs of known plants from miRBase database and those of banana from the EST and GSS database showed that 16 conserved miRNAs in banana were grouped into 9 miRNA families: three from ETS database,and 13 miRNAs from GSS database. The target genes were then predicted with online software psRNATarget,and 168 target genes were found encoding many proteins and involving many biological processes.
2016, 7(2): 246-252.
doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.2016.02.018
Abstract:
Using high-efficiency thermal asymmetric interlaced PCR（ hi TAIL-PCR）,64 specific fragments of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. Manihotis（ Xam） genomic DNA flanked on the T-DNA were successfully amplified from 30 randomly-picked Xam transformants. Nineteen transformants had fragments flanked on both borders of TDNA,and 11 contained fragments flanked on the left border of T-DNA. Analysis showed that the insertion sites were mainly found in the area with low GC content,especially the area with the GC content ranging between 49%-50%; Tn5 transposon tended to be inserted into coding region; Tn5 transposon insertion formed a 9 bp direct repetitive sequence and had no preference in orientation. Among the upstream and downstream of the 9 bp direct repetitive sequence,the sites of-5,-2,1,4,5,6,9 and 11 might play a key role in the transposase recognition.
Using high-efficiency thermal asymmetric interlaced PCR（ hi TAIL-PCR）,64 specific fragments of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. Manihotis（ Xam） genomic DNA flanked on the T-DNA were successfully amplified from 30 randomly-picked Xam transformants. Nineteen transformants had fragments flanked on both borders of TDNA,and 11 contained fragments flanked on the left border of T-DNA. Analysis showed that the insertion sites were mainly found in the area with low GC content,especially the area with the GC content ranging between 49%-50%; Tn5 transposon tended to be inserted into coding region; Tn5 transposon insertion formed a 9 bp direct repetitive sequence and had no preference in orientation. Among the upstream and downstream of the 9 bp direct repetitive sequence,the sites of-5,-2,1,4,5,6,9 and 11 might play a key role in the transposase recognition.
2016, 7(2): 253-258.
doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.2016.02.019
Abstract:
Perfluorooctanoic acid（ PFOA）,a kind of synthetic chemicals,widely exists in the environment. It can be accumulated in higher animals because of its good chemical stability and thermal stability,which makes it become a persistent organic matter of concern in the environment. Earthworms of Eisenia foetida,an indicating animal,were exposed to PFOA at different exposure concentrations to assay their DNA damage and the gene expression of their antioxidant enzymes,SOD,CAT and GST,by using natural soil contact method with a cycle of 28 days. PFOA stress resulted in DNA damage of the coelomic cells of the earthworm. PFOA exhibited significant effect on the tail length（ TL）,tail moment（ TM） and tail DNA content（ TD）（ P ＜ 0. 05） of the earthworms at different exposure concentrations with a given dose-response relationship（ P ＜ 0. 01）,and the TL and TM were two indicators that were most sensitive to PFOA exposure. PFOA stress also induced the change of antioxidant-specific gene expression of the earthworms. SOD gene expression was induced to show upregulation in response to the PFOA at the concentration of 1 mg·kg-1,and then significant down-regulation at the concentration of 5mg·kg-1 and 10mg·kg-1. GST gene expression was obviously down-regulated at the PFOA concentration of 10mg·kg-1. The expression level of CAT gene was lowest at the PFOA concentration of 5 mg·kg-1 without significant difference compared with the control. Of the genes of the antioxidant enzymes in the earthworm the SOD gene was found the most sensitive to PFOA. All these results showed that the DNA damage of earthworm coelomic cells and the change of gene expression of antioxidant enzymes of the earthworm could be used as biomarkers to indicate the effect of PFOA on the earthworm,a soil organism.
Perfluorooctanoic acid（ PFOA）,a kind of synthetic chemicals,widely exists in the environment. It can be accumulated in higher animals because of its good chemical stability and thermal stability,which makes it become a persistent organic matter of concern in the environment. Earthworms of Eisenia foetida,an indicating animal,were exposed to PFOA at different exposure concentrations to assay their DNA damage and the gene expression of their antioxidant enzymes,SOD,CAT and GST,by using natural soil contact method with a cycle of 28 days. PFOA stress resulted in DNA damage of the coelomic cells of the earthworm. PFOA exhibited significant effect on the tail length（ TL）,tail moment（ TM） and tail DNA content（ TD）（ P ＜ 0. 05） of the earthworms at different exposure concentrations with a given dose-response relationship（ P ＜ 0. 01）,and the TL and TM were two indicators that were most sensitive to PFOA exposure. PFOA stress also induced the change of antioxidant-specific gene expression of the earthworms. SOD gene expression was induced to show upregulation in response to the PFOA at the concentration of 1 mg·kg-1,and then significant down-regulation at the concentration of 5mg·kg-1 and 10mg·kg-1. GST gene expression was obviously down-regulated at the PFOA concentration of 10mg·kg-1. The expression level of CAT gene was lowest at the PFOA concentration of 5 mg·kg-1 without significant difference compared with the control. Of the genes of the antioxidant enzymes in the earthworm the SOD gene was found the most sensitive to PFOA. All these results showed that the DNA damage of earthworm coelomic cells and the change of gene expression of antioxidant enzymes of the earthworm could be used as biomarkers to indicate the effect of PFOA on the earthworm,a soil organism.
2016, 7(2): 259-264.
doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.2016.02.020
Abstract:
A bacterial strain with high phosphate solubilizing activity was isolated from rhizosphere soil of tobacco（ Nicotiana tabacum L.） by enrichment culture and was screen cultured for preliminary identification,and it was coded strain YYF-3. After 48 hr of fermentation the strain YYF-3 was found to contain 221. 7 mg·L-1of free phosphorus in the culture supernatant,which was further proved that this strain had higher phosphate solubilizing ability. Morphological observation,biochemical detection,and 16 S r DNA sequence analysis showed the strain YYFG3 was grouped to the genus Acinetobacter,temporarily named Acinetobacter sp. The growth culture showed that the strains YYF-3 grew best under the temperature of 28- 34 ℃ with the optimum p H ranging from 6. 0 to 6. 5,and gave a sensitive response to Na Cl. The strain YYF-3 can be used as good material for mutation breeding and whole-genome based breeding for phosphate solubilizing bacterial microbes,and can also be used as a standby strain for preparation of tobacco special biofertilizer.
A bacterial strain with high phosphate solubilizing activity was isolated from rhizosphere soil of tobacco（ Nicotiana tabacum L.） by enrichment culture and was screen cultured for preliminary identification,and it was coded strain YYF-3. After 48 hr of fermentation the strain YYF-3 was found to contain 221. 7 mg·L-1of free phosphorus in the culture supernatant,which was further proved that this strain had higher phosphate solubilizing ability. Morphological observation,biochemical detection,and 16 S r DNA sequence analysis showed the strain YYFG3 was grouped to the genus Acinetobacter,temporarily named Acinetobacter sp. The growth culture showed that the strains YYF-3 grew best under the temperature of 28- 34 ℃ with the optimum p H ranging from 6. 0 to 6. 5,and gave a sensitive response to Na Cl. The strain YYF-3 can be used as good material for mutation breeding and whole-genome based breeding for phosphate solubilizing bacterial microbes,and can also be used as a standby strain for preparation of tobacco special biofertilizer.
2016, 7(2): 265-269.
doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.2016.02.021
Abstract:
The full-length c DNA sequences of genomic RNAs of CMV-WN1,DA and FT isolates from the leaves of black pepper（ Piper nigrum L.） infected with cucumber mosaic virus in Hainan Province were determined by using RT-PCR and sequence analysis. The RNA1 of the CMV-WN1,DA and FT consisted of 3361,3360 and3359 nucleotides（ nt）,respectively,and encoded protein 1a. The RNA2 consisted of 3044,3048 and 3046 nt,respectively,and encoded protein 2a and 2b. The RNA3 contained 2217,2224 and 2216 nt,respectively,and encoded protein 3a and CP. The CMV-WN1,DA and FT isolates had the highest similarity in the sequences of RNA 1,RNA2 and RNA3 with the CMV-SD strain,and their amino acid sequences of all encoding proteins were also most highly similar with that of the CMV-Strain,of which the amino acid sequence of all the proteins had a93. 5% similarity with that of the CMV-SD except that 2b amino acid sequence shared a similarity of 90% or less. Analysis of the 5’NTR structure of RNA3,the phylogenetic tree analyses of 5’NTR nucleotide sequences of RNA3 and CP amino acid sequences showed that the CMV-WN1,DA and FT isolates were classified into CMV IB subgroup. The phylogenetic tree analyses of CP amino acid sequences also showed that CMV-WN1,CMV-FT and the isolate of the black pepper in Yunnan,CMV-YNP,were clustered into the same group while the CMVDA and the isolate of the black pepper in Hainan,CMV-HNP,were clustered into another separate group.
The full-length c DNA sequences of genomic RNAs of CMV-WN1,DA and FT isolates from the leaves of black pepper（ Piper nigrum L.） infected with cucumber mosaic virus in Hainan Province were determined by using RT-PCR and sequence analysis. The RNA1 of the CMV-WN1,DA and FT consisted of 3361,3360 and3359 nucleotides（ nt）,respectively,and encoded protein 1a. The RNA2 consisted of 3044,3048 and 3046 nt,respectively,and encoded protein 2a and 2b. The RNA3 contained 2217,2224 and 2216 nt,respectively,and encoded protein 3a and CP. The CMV-WN1,DA and FT isolates had the highest similarity in the sequences of RNA 1,RNA2 and RNA3 with the CMV-SD strain,and their amino acid sequences of all encoding proteins were also most highly similar with that of the CMV-Strain,of which the amino acid sequence of all the proteins had a93. 5% similarity with that of the CMV-SD except that 2b amino acid sequence shared a similarity of 90% or less. Analysis of the 5’NTR structure of RNA3,the phylogenetic tree analyses of 5’NTR nucleotide sequences of RNA3 and CP amino acid sequences showed that the CMV-WN1,DA and FT isolates were classified into CMV IB subgroup. The phylogenetic tree analyses of CP amino acid sequences also showed that CMV-WN1,CMV-FT and the isolate of the black pepper in Yunnan,CMV-YNP,were clustered into the same group while the CMVDA and the isolate of the black pepper in Hainan,CMV-HNP,were clustered into another separate group.
2016, 7(2): 270-273.
doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.2016.02.022
Abstract:
The ethyl alcohol/ammonium sulfate aqueous two-phase system was used to extract the total saponins from Sindora glabra seeds. Effectes of the mass fraction of ethyl alcohol,mass fraction of ammonium sulfate,p H,temperature on the extraction of saponins were studied. The results indicate that the better condictions were obtained as the mass fraction of ethyl alcohol was 30%,mass fraction of ammonium sulfate was 20%,p H was 6,temperature was 30 ℃,partition coefficient of the total saponins in the two-phase system was 12. 60,the recovery rate was 94. 8%. The method is suitable for extraction and separation of saponins from Sindora glabra seeds.
The ethyl alcohol/ammonium sulfate aqueous two-phase system was used to extract the total saponins from Sindora glabra seeds. Effectes of the mass fraction of ethyl alcohol,mass fraction of ammonium sulfate,p H,temperature on the extraction of saponins were studied. The results indicate that the better condictions were obtained as the mass fraction of ethyl alcohol was 30%,mass fraction of ammonium sulfate was 20%,p H was 6,temperature was 30 ℃,partition coefficient of the total saponins in the two-phase system was 12. 60,the recovery rate was 94. 8%. The method is suitable for extraction and separation of saponins from Sindora glabra seeds.
2016, 7(2): 274-278.
doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.2016.02.023
Abstract:
Essential oils were extracted from both fresh and dried banana pseudostems by supercritical CO2 fluid extraction technology,and their composition and relative contents were quantitatively determined by GC-MS with peak areas normalization method. The essential oils of the fresh and dried banana pseudostems were detected to contain 13 and 20 compounds,respectively,and shared only six compounds,ie. eicosane,methyl palmitate,tetratriacontane,3-ethyl-5-（ 2-ethylbutyl）-octadecane,stigmasterol and 3-hydroxyspirost-8-en-11-one but with different concentrations. Alkanes were the main compounds detected in the fresh banana pseudostem essential oil,followed by ketone,esters and alcohols. For the dried banana pseudostem essential oil alkanes were also the main compounds,followed by esters,alcohols and ketones. In addition,dried banana pseudostem essential oil also contained very little amount of decanoic acids,olefines,ethers,aldehydes and heterocyclic compounds,which were absent in the fresh banana pseudostem essential oil.
Essential oils were extracted from both fresh and dried banana pseudostems by supercritical CO2 fluid extraction technology,and their composition and relative contents were quantitatively determined by GC-MS with peak areas normalization method. The essential oils of the fresh and dried banana pseudostems were detected to contain 13 and 20 compounds,respectively,and shared only six compounds,ie. eicosane,methyl palmitate,tetratriacontane,3-ethyl-5-（ 2-ethylbutyl）-octadecane,stigmasterol and 3-hydroxyspirost-8-en-11-one but with different concentrations. Alkanes were the main compounds detected in the fresh banana pseudostem essential oil,followed by ketone,esters and alcohols. For the dried banana pseudostem essential oil alkanes were also the main compounds,followed by esters,alcohols and ketones. In addition,dried banana pseudostem essential oil also contained very little amount of decanoic acids,olefines,ethers,aldehydes and heterocyclic compounds,which were absent in the fresh banana pseudostem essential oil.
2016, 7(2): 279-284.
doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.2016.02.024
Abstract:
The fruit shape is an important index for the fruit appearance quality evaluation. There were a lot of fruit plant cultivation with the poor quality and even appeared deformity fruit phenomenon. The fruit shape is influenced by many factors in the process of development. This document describes varieties,cultivationen vironment,plantnutrition plant hormones and other factors on the impact of the development of fruit shape in order to improve the fruit appearance quality and provides the certain reference value.
The fruit shape is an important index for the fruit appearance quality evaluation. There were a lot of fruit plant cultivation with the poor quality and even appeared deformity fruit phenomenon. The fruit shape is influenced by many factors in the process of development. This document describes varieties,cultivationen vironment,plantnutrition plant hormones and other factors on the impact of the development of fruit shape in order to improve the fruit appearance quality and provides the certain reference value.
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