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海南岛地处华南热带与亚洲热带北缘,其中部与南部山区孕育了丰富的动植物资源,属于“海南热带雨林国家公园”辖区,也是受到国际社会密切关注的生物多样性保护热点区域[1]。海南岛受季风影响而分为干、湿2季,但在霸王岭、尖峰岭、黎母山和五指山等海拔 1 200 m以上的山顶和山脊地段,终年云雾缭绕,是我国主要的热带山地云雾林分布区[2-3]。云雾林内拥有很高的植物多样性和特有性,尤其是丰富的树附生苔藓植物,构成了云雾林植物群落的一大特色。
树附生苔藓是指附生于维管植物的茎干、树枝等表面的苔藓植物,主要包括苔类植物和藓类植物两大类群。多数树附生苔藓沿附主的茎和枝干匍匐或蔓延生长,形成平铺型、交织型或悬垂型等多种生活型,在森林的水分涵养、物质循环等方面执行着重要功能[4]。树附生苔藓不仅对附主植物有强烈的依赖性,而且具有变水植物的特点[5],对环境湿度的变化十分敏感。当今全球气候持续变暖,空气污染加重,使得树附生苔藓面临着生存的多重压力,其多样性易迅速减少而难以恢复。然而海南热带雨林国家公园树附生藓类植物的资源分布情况,以及气候条件变化对树附生藓类物种多样性是否有影响尚未见报道,为此,笔者于2019—2020年多次对霸王岭自然保护区热带山地云雾林的树附生藓类植物进行野外调查、标本采集和鉴定,同时查阅了相关文献,以期为海南热带雨林国家公园苔藓植物的研究与保护提供新资料。
New Data of Epiphytic Mosses in Hainan, China
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摘要: 为了解海南热带雨林国家公园树附生藓类植物的资源分布和物种多样性,笔者于 2019—2020年多次在霸王岭国家级自然保护区热带山地云雾林开展树附生藓类植物资源调查。在野外采集、标本鉴定和查阅文献的基础上,发现拟厚角藓属(Yakushimabryum H.Akiyama, Ying Chang, T.Yamag. & B.C.Tan)为海南藓类植物新记录属,狭叶拟厚角藓[Yakushimabryum tonkinense (Broth. & Paris) H.Akiyama]和散生细带藓[Trachycladiella sparsa (Mitt.) M.Menzel]为海南新记录种。笔者对新记录属和种的形态特征进行了描述并提供了特征图版,对生境以及地理分布等信息进行了介绍。新记录的发现丰富了我国和海南树附生苔藓植物的生物多样性。Abstract: Field investigations were conducted in tropical montane cloud forests of Bawangling National Nature Reserve from 2019 to 2020 to explore the distribution and species diversity of epiphytic mosses in Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park. Here, we firstly found and reported the genus Yakushimabryum H.Akiyama, Ying Chang, T.Yamag. & B.C.Tan and two species, namely Yakushimabryum tonkinense (Broth. & Paris) H.Akiyama and Trachycladiella sparsa (Mitt.) M.Menzel based on species taxonomic identification and pertinent literature, which were new additions to the bryoflora of Hainan Province, China. Their detailed information, including the description and pictures of morphological characteristics, habitats and geographical distribution were provided. The new records enriched the diversity of epiphytic bryophytes in Hainan and China.
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Key words:
- new record /
- epiphytic mosses /
- Yakushimabryum /
- tropical montane cloud forest /
- Hainan
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图 3 散生细带藓
A. 干燥植株一段;B & C. 茎叶;D. 枝叶;E. 叶先端细胞;F. 叶上部细胞;G. 叶中部细胞;H. 叶中部具齿边缘;I & J. 叶基部中央细胞;K. 叶基部边缘细胞; L & M. 叶中部细胞具多疣;N. 叶边缘细胞具疣;O. 茎横切面。凭证标本:徐雪艳等20201119-106。
Fig. 3 Trachycladiella sparsa (Mitt.) M.Menzel
A. Portion of dry sterile plant. B & C. Stem leaves. D. Branch leaf. E. Apical cells of leaf. F. Upper cells of leaf. G. Median cells of leaf. H. Margin serrulate at mid-leaf. I & J. Central basal cells of leaf. K. Marginal cells of leaf base. L & M. Median laminal cells pluripapillose. N. Marginal laminal cells pluripapillose. O. Cross-section of stem. All from X.-Y. Xu et al. 20201119-106.
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