Effects of Combined Treatment with Microbial Fertilizer and Amino Acid Water-soluble Fertilizer on Physicochemical Properties and Bacterial Communities Structure of Hami Melon Soils
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摘要: 为了研究施用复合微生物菌剂和氨基酸水溶肥组合对土壤性质及微生物群落结构的影响,笔者在海南省乐东市开展了哈密瓜大田施肥试验,对哈密瓜不同生长阶段的土壤进行土壤理化性质测定及土壤微生物高通量测序。结果表明:(1)处理组土壤碱解氮和速效钾含量升高;根结线虫和腐生线虫含量降低。(2)土壤微生物高通量测序显示,处理组土壤细菌菌群结构相对稳定,无菌群异常现象。处理组和对照组间关系较远,组内关系较近。(3)处理组较对照组而言,门水平上相对丰度最高的是Proteobacteria(变形菌门)、Acidobacteria(酸杆菌门);纲水平上含有致病菌种的Alphaproteobacteria(α-变形菌纲)和Gammaproteobacteria(丙型变形菌纲)相对丰度降低;目水平上具有硝化作用和促进氮素利用效率的Nitrosomonadales(亚硝化单胞菌目)相对丰度升高,能够产生有益次生代谢产物的Myxococcales(黏球菌目)相对丰度升高。实验结果显示,联合施用复合微生物菌剂和氨基酸水溶肥,对土壤理化性质和细菌群落结构具有明显的改善作用。Abstract: Hami melon（Cucumis melon L.） was treated with a combination of microbial fertilizer and amino acid water-soluble fertilizer in a fertilizer trial in Ledong, Hainan to analyze the changes of complex microbial communities structure and physicochemical properties of the soil. Soil samples at different growth stages of Hami melon were collected for analysis of soil physicochemical properties and high-throughout sequencing of soil bacterial community. Soil analysis showed that the contents of soil alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen and available potassium were increased in the treatment groups, and that the numbers of root-knot nematodes（RN） and saprophytic nematodes（SN） were decreased. High-throughput sequencing of soil microorganisms showed that the soil bacterial flora in the treatment group were relatively stable in structure, with their relationship being far between the treatment and control groups but close between treatment groups. Compared with the control group, the treatment groups were most abundant in Proteobacteria and Acidobacteria at the phylum level, and had at the class level a lower relative abundance in Alpha-proteobacteria and Gamma-proteobacteria containing pathogenic bacteria and a higher relative abundance in Nitrosomonadales which play an important role in nitrification and Myxococcales which could produce good secondary metabolites. It was concluded that the combined application of compound microbial agent and amino acid water-soluble fertilizer significantly improved the soil physical and chemical properties and bacterial community.
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