The internal development and developmental stages of living embryos of Zeugodacus cucurbitae
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摘要: 胚胎发育是一个连续的、动态的过程。划分各个阶段有助于识别胚胎不同时期的标志性发育状态，对每个阶段的瓜实蝇发育状态进行详细的描述，有利于更全面地理解瓜实蝇胚胎内部的发育，在昆虫预测预报及遗传防控方面具有重要的应用价值。本研究对瓜实蝇（Zeugodacus cucurbitae）的胚胎发育过程进行了深入观察和分析，并以显微拍摄的方式来展现瓜实蝇胚胎的不同发育阶段的内部状态，通过此操作，可以准确筛选不同发育阶段的胚胎。实验结果表明，瓜实蝇胚胎从产下开始进行了一系列的内部活动，从最初的卵内细胞质收缩出现前后极，到细胞核迁移和极细胞的出现与迁移，再到背部褶皱及口部与头部的内陷，继而卵黄囊开始不断变化和肠道线圈也开始出现。24 h左右，虫体在胚胎内部开始剧烈运动，最后到30 h气管束充满空气，幼虫通过用口钩撕裂珠孔处的卵黄膜的方式孵化。此外，瓜实蝇胚胎发育过程中的细胞分裂、分化与组织形成与有丝分裂的不同时期紧密相关，当前瓜实蝇的防治方法多针对幼虫和成虫阶段，而胚胎期由于其活动力小且集中，具有较小的防治难度。因此，根据瓜实蝇胚胎期各阶段的特征，发展新型针对性的防治措施具有迫切性和必要性。本研究为瓜实蝇胚胎期的遗传防控奠定了基础，并为未来深入研究瓜实蝇胚胎发育与遗传防控提供了新的方向。Abstract: Embryonic development is a continuous and dynamic process. The division of various stages is conducive to identifying the characteristic developmental states of the embryo at different durations of time, and a detailed description of the developmental status of the melon fly（Zeugodacus cucurbitae） at each stage is beneficial for a more comprehensive understanding of the internal development of the melon fly embryo. This holds significant applied value in insect prediction and genetic prevention and control. In this context an attempt was made to conduct a thorough observation and analysis of the embryonic development process of the melon fly,and the internal states of the melon fly embryo during different developmental stages were demonstrated by employing microscopic photography. Through this experimental operation, the embryos at different developmental stages can be accurately screened. The experimental results revealed that the melon fly embryo undergoes a series of internal activities from the time of laying, starting from the initial cytoplasmic contraction within the egg to the appearance of anterior and posterior poles, followed by nuclear migration and the emergence and migration of polar cells. Subsequently, dorsal folds and the invagination of the mouth and head occur, while the yolk sac begins to undergo constant changes and intestinal coils start to emerge. Around 24 hours, the larva begins vigorous movements within the embryo, and by the 30th hour, the tracheal bundles become filled with air. The larva hatches by tearing the yolk membrane at the micropyle with its mouth hook. Additionally, cell division,differentiation, and tissue formation during the embryonic development of the melon fly are closely related to different stages of mitosis. This study provides an important reference for understanding the molecular mechanisms of melon fly embryonic development and offers new insights for genetic prevention and control research. Currently, most prevention and control methods for the melon fly target the larval and adult stages, but the embryonic stage, due to its low motility and concentration, poses less difficulty in control. Therefore, there is an urgent and necessary need to develop novel targeted control measures based on the characteristics of the melon fly embryos at each stage. This study lays a foundation for genetic prevention and control of the melon fly at the embryonic stage and provides a new direction for future in-depth research on embryonic development and genetic prevention and control of the melon fly.
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Key words:
- Zeugodacus cucurbitae /
- embryogenesis /
- microphotography
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