-
丛枝菌根真菌(Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi,AMF)是一类共生微生物,广泛存在自然界中,能够与大多数的陆生植物形成菌根共生体[1],因其在植物根系中产生丛枝结构而得名,故称其为AMF[2]。AMF需要植物供应光合产物来生长,同时AMF通过参与植物生理代谢,扩大植物根系的吸收面积,促进植物生长,与植物形成互惠共生关系[3]。因此,AMF对作物生长和生态环境有重要影响[4-5]。有研究表明,AMF通过与植物根系形成共生体,改善植物对氮磷钾等矿质营养的吸收,提高作物产量以及增强作物的抗逆性[6-9],且AMF与宿主植物是专性营养共生关系[10]。同一种植物接种不同的AMF,它们的共生效应不同[11-13]。当AMF侵染宿主植物后,宿主植物的根尖表皮加厚,细胞层数增加,更加有利于植物根系的生长、分枝以及形态结构的改变,扩大植物的吸收面积,从而促进植物对矿质养分的吸收和利用,进而促进植物生长[14-15]。
甜玉米(Zea mays var. rugose Bonaf.)又被称为水果玉米、蔬菜玉米,是我国重要的特种经济作物[16]。甜玉米的营养丰富,口感甜、鲜、脆、嫩,深受人们喜爱[17]。磷是植物体内核酸、蛋白质、多种酶的主要成分[18],玉米对磷的反应比较敏感,因此,磷的水平对玉米产量有很大的影响[19]。海南属热带地区,土壤缺磷现象严重[20],这严重制约了农业的发展。氮素是作物生长发育所必需的大量营养元素之一,是作物生长发育和作物产量最重要的限制因素[21]。有研究表明,接种AMF能显著提高植物对氮磷养分的吸收利用[22]。如接种摩西斗管囊霉(Funneliformis mosseae)、球状巨孢囊霉(Gigaspora margarita)、细凹无梗囊霉(Acaulospora scrobiculata)、扭形伞房球囊霉(Corymbiglomus tortuosum)、地表多样孢囊霉(Diversispora epigaea)和根内根孢囊霉(Rhizophagus intraradices)能显著提高大豆的地上部生物量和氮磷积累量[23]。目前,关于AMF与玉米共生关系研究主要集中在摩西球囊霉(Glomus mosseae)上,而其他菌种对玉米生长影响的研究较少,而甜玉米尚未见这方面的报道。因此,本研究选取6种不同AMF菌种接种甜玉米,分析不同菌种对甜玉米吸收氮磷效率及生长的影响,旨在筛选出促进甜玉米生长的AMF高效菌株。
Effects of different arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on the growth and the nitrogen and phosphorus absorption of sweet corn seedlings
-
摘要: 为了探究不同丛枝菌根真菌对甜玉米(Zea mays var. rugose Bonaf.)生长及氮磷吸收的影响,筛选出促进甜玉米生长和氮磷吸收的优良菌种,采用盆栽培养方法,以甜玉米(Zea mays var. rugose Bonaf.)为宿主植物,研究接种摩西斗管囊霉(Funneliformis mosseae, Fm)、球状巨孢囊霉(Gigaspora margarita, Gm)、细凹无梗囊霉(Acaulospora scrobiculata, As)、扭形伞房球囊霉(Corymbiglomus tortuosum, Ct)、地表多样孢囊霉(Diversispora epigaea, De)和根内根孢囊霉(Rhizophagus intraradices, Ri)对甜玉米生长及氮磷吸收的影响。结果表明:接种De处理的甜玉米株高、根长、地上部鲜质量、地上部生物量和磷积累量最高,并显著高于其他处理,其茎粗和地上部氮积累量也达到较高的水平;且主成分分析结果表明,甜玉米接种De菌种综合表现最好。因此,在田间种植甜玉米时,推荐接种De菌种,从而更有利于甜玉米的生长和氮磷养分积累。Abstract: A microcosm experiment was conducted to study the effects of different arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on the growth and the nitrogen and phosphorus absorption of sweet corn seedlings to provide reference for the development of AMF. Sweet corn seedlings (Zea mays var. rugose Bonaf) were inoculated with 6 AMF species, Funneliformis mosseae (Fm), Gigaspora margarita (Gm), Acaulospora scrobiculata (As), Corymbiglomus tortuosum (Ct), Diversispora epigaea (De) and Rhizophagus intraradices (Ri), and their growth and uptake of nitrogen and phosphorus were observed. The results showed that the plant height, root length, aboveground fresh quality, aboveground biomass and phosphorus accumulation of sweet corn seedlings inoculated with De were the highest and significantly higher than those of other treatments, and that the stem diameter and aboveground nitrogen accumulation of sweet corn seedlings inoculated with De also reached a higher level. The principal component analysis showed that the comprehensive performance of sweet corn seedlings inoculated with De was the best. Therefore, when sweet corn is planted in the field, it is recommended to inoculate sweet corn with De, which is more conducive to the growth of sweet corn and the accumulation of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients in sweet corn.
-
Key words:
- arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi /
- sweet corn /
- biomass /
- nitrogen and phosphorus uptake
-
-
[1] 李岚岚, 李增平, 陈熠. 无梗囊霉属真菌的分类特征及国内分布[J]. 热带生物学报, 2015, 6(3): 335 − 346. [2] PARNISKE M. Arbuscular mycorrhiza: the mother of plant root endosymbioses [J]. Nature Reviews Microbiology, 2008, 6(10): 763 − 775. doi: 10.1038/nrmicro1987 [3] 丁效东, 张林, 李淑仪, 等. 丛枝菌根真菌与根瘤菌接种对大豆根瘤分布及磷素吸收的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2012, 18(3): 662 − 669. doi: 10.11674/zwyf.2012.11338 [4] SMITH S E, JAKOBSEN I, GRØNLUND M, et al. Roles of arbuscular mycorrhizas in plant phosphorus nutrition: interactions between pathways of phosphorus uptake in arbuscular mycorrhizal roots have important implications for understanding and manipulating plant phosphorus acquisition [J]. Plant Physiology, 2011, 156(3): 1050 − 1057. doi: 10.1104/pp.111.174581 [5] TISSERANT E, MALBREIL M, KUO A, et al. Genome of an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus provides insight into the oldest plant symbiosis [J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2013, 110(50): 20117 − 20122. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1313452110 [6] 田蜜, 陈应龙, 李敏, 等. 丛枝菌根结构与功能研究进展[J]. 应用生态学报, 2013, 24(8): 2369 − 2376. doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.2013.0364 [7] 张燕, 李娟, 姚青, 等. 丛枝菌根真菌对水分胁迫下枇杷实生苗生长和养分吸收的影响[J]. 园艺学报, 2012, 39(4): 757 − 762. [8] XIE X, WENG B, CAI B, et al. Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculation and phosphorus supply on the growth and nutrient uptake of Kandelia obovata (Sheue, Liu & Yong) seedlings in autoclaved soil [J]. Applied Soil Ecology, 2014, 75: 162 − 171. doi: 10.1016/j.apsoil.2013.11.009 [9] GOVINDARAJULU M, PFEFFER P E, JIN H, et al. Nitrogen transfer in the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis [J]. Nature, 2005, 435(7043): 819 − 823. doi: 10.1038/nature03610 [10] DECLERCK S, STRULLU D G, FORTIN A. ln vitro culture of mycorrhizas[M]. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2005: 3-14. [11] 李媛媛,王晓娟,豆存艳,等. 四种宿主植物及其不同栽培密度对AM真菌扩繁的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2013, 22(5): 128 − 135. [12] KLIRONOMOS J N. Variation in plant response to native and exotic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi [J]. Ecology, 2003, 84(9): 2292 − 2301. doi: 10.1890/02-0413 [13] RAJU P S, CLARK R B, ELLIS J R, et al. Effects of species of VA-mycorrhizal fungi on growth and mineral uptake of sorghum at different temperatures [J]. Plant and Soil, 1990, 121(2): 165 − 170. doi: 10.1007/BF00012308 [14] RAKSHIT A, BHADORIA P S. Influence of arbuscular mycorrhizal hyphal length on simulation of P influx with the mechanistic model [J]. African Journal of Microbiology Research, 2009, 3(1): 1 − 4. [15] YAO Q, WANG L R, ZHU H H, et al. Effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal inoculation on root system architecture of trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata L. Raf.) seedlings [J]. Scientia Horticulturae, 2009, 121(4): 458 − 461. doi: 10.1016/j.scienta.2009.03.013 [16] 尹艳, 何黎明. 甜玉米茎腐病发生原因及防治措施[J]. 作物杂志, 2004(6): 36 − 37. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-7283.2004.06.018 [17] 陆大雷, 孙世贤, 陆卫平. 国家鲜食甜玉米区域试验品种产量和品质性状分析[J]. 中国农学通报, 2016, 32(13): 164 − 171. doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15110034 [18] 黄润. 不同春小麦品种磷营养效率差异机理研究[D]. 石河子: 石河子大学, 2009. [19] 侯云鹏, 杨建, 孔丽丽, 等. 不同施磷水平对春玉米产量、养分吸收及转运的影响[J]. 玉米科学, 2017, 25(3): 123 − 130. [20] 钟庸, 蒋菊生, 孟磊, 等. 海南胶园土壤磷吸附特性及其影响因素[J]. 热带作物学报, 2009, 30(10): 1413 − 1416. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2009.10.005 [21] 胡霭堂. 植物营养学[M]. 北京: 中国农业大学出版社, 2003. [22] 田超, 李倩, 许庆方, 等. 矿区土接种AMF和根瘤菌对紫花苜蓿及土壤氮磷的影响[J]. 山西农业科学, 2020, 48(4): 580 − 583. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-2481.2020.04.23 [23] 刘云龙, 钱浩宇, 张鑫, 等. 丛枝菌根真菌对豆科作物生长和生物固氮及磷素吸收的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2021, 32(5): 1761 − 1767. [24] 冯远娇, 陈卓娜, 王建武, 等. Bt玉米丛枝菌根真菌侵染率与养分含量的变化研究[J]. 中国生态农业学报, 2010, 18(3): 486 − 491. [25] BAIRD J M, WALLEY F L, SHIRTLIFFE S J. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi colonization and phosphorus nutrition in organic field pea and lentil [J]. Mycorrhiza, 2010, 20(8): 541 − 549. doi: 10.1007/s00572-010-0305-7 [26] ATUL-NAYYAR A, HAMEL C, HANSON K, et al. The arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis links N mineralization to plant demand [J]. Mycorrhiza, 2009, 19(4): 239 − 246. doi: 10.1007/s00572-008-0215-0 [27] 钱春荣, 王荣焕, 赵久然, 等. 不同熟期玉米干物质积累、分配与转运特征[J]. 生态学杂志, 2017, 36(8): 2177 − 2183. [28] 王志刚, 毕银丽, 李强, 等. 接种AM真菌对采煤沉陷地复垦植物光合作用和抗逆性的影响[J]. 南方农业学报, 2017, 48(5): 800 − 805. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1191.2017.05.007 [29] HABIBZADEH Y, PIRZAD A, ZARDASHTI M R, et al. Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on seed and protein yield under water-deficit stress in mung bean [J]. Agronomy Journal, 2013, 105(1): 79 − 84. doi: 10.2134/agronj2012.0069 [30] 王义, 李少朋, 陈铸, 等. 丛枝菌根真菌对采煤塌陷地玉米生长的影响[J]. 安徽农业科学, 2013, 41(30): 12113 − 12115. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2013.30.063