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主持人:郭志强
芋螺科Conidae动物是著名的海洋有毒贝类,全球已报道超过970个现生种[1],芋螺为典型的暖水性种类,是珊瑚礁生物群落重要的组成部分[2]。芋螺科动物体内有毒腺,其分泌的毒液可猎杀如蠕虫、其他软体动物甚至小型鱼类等猎物,并能伤害捕猎者,芋螺毒素 (conotoxin, CTx) 是一类来源于芋螺毒液的生物活性很强的多肽化合物,是近年来国际上的研究热点,具有巨大的药物开发价值[3];最新的芋螺毒素抗药物依赖的初步研究揭示芋螺毒素有望进一步开发成为戒烟戒毒的候选新药[4],因此使该类动物备受关注。芋螺科动物在我国主要分布在台湾和南海,近年来不断有新的记录被报道[5-6]。黑芋螺是南海常见的芋螺种类,其分泌的毒素在芋螺种类中是毒性较强的一种,具有筛选、开发新药的应用前景[2]。本研究对黑芋螺和其近似种花巾芋螺进行比较观察,总结了主要形态鉴别特征、生活习性和地理分布的差异,澄清了混淆,为海洋药物开发的来源生物准确鉴定提供支撑。
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研究材料为中国科学院南海海洋生物标本馆 (Marine Biodiversity Collections of South China Sea Chinese Academy of Sciences, SCSMBC) 的馆藏标本,标本信息详见表1。
表 1 芋螺研究材料
Table 1. Specimens of Conidae in this work
物种species 标本号specimen number 数量quantity 采集地location 采集人collector 采集时间collection time 黑芋螺 C. marmoreus SCSMBC 008609 1个 南沙渚璧礁 张渊洲 2017年11月 黑芋螺 C. marmoreus SCSMBC 006872 1个 西沙群岛 南海所 1981年4月5日 黑芋螺 C. marmoreus 西Ⅷ-赵-7 3个 西沙赵述岛 南海所 1978年5月19日 黑芋螺 C. marmoreus SCSMBC 009352 1个 西沙东岛 南海所 1973年5月 花巾芋螺 C. bandanus SCSMBC008610 1个 南沙渚璧礁 张渊洲 2017年11月 花巾芋螺 C. bandanus SCSMBC006266 1个 海南海口 南海所 1983年12月 花巾芋螺 C. bandanus 西Ⅵ-中-124 1个 西沙中建岛 南海所 1976年4月 -
详见表2。
表 2 黑芋螺和花巾芋螺主要特征比较
Table 2. Identification of Conus marmoreusLinnaeus, 1758 and Conus bandanus Hwass in Bruguière, 1792
黑芋螺Conus marmoreus Linnaeus, 1758 花巾芋螺Conus bandanus Hwass in Bruguière, 1792 肩部 shoulder 钝圆,突起较弱或消失 棱角状,突起明显,呈结节状或角状 体螺层 last whorl 刻有均匀分布的细弱的细螺沟纹 螺旋沟纹不规律,在基部较清晰 壳面色斑 color pattern 近三角形白色斑纹较均匀分布,无黑褐色螺带 近三角形白色斑纹大小和分布不均匀,体螺层中部具有2条明显的黑褐色螺带 壳口 aperture 外唇内缘白色,内面呈粉橙色 外唇内面呈白色 习性 habits 低潮线至水深1~15 m处 潮下带浅滩至水深约90 m处
Comparative study on Conus marmoreus and the similar species
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摘要: 南海常见的黑芋螺Conus marmoreus Linnaeus,1758和其近似种花巾芋螺Conus bandanus Hwass in Bruguière,1792贝壳形态相近,在我国海区分布区域重叠,极易混淆,为了区分这两种芋螺,澄清混淆,笔者通过文献的查阅和对标本的反复对比,分别查明它们之间贝壳形态和习性方面的差异,结果表明:黑芋螺壳面近三角形白斑大小和分布相对较均匀,无黑褐色螺带,体螺层肩部多钝圆,其上突起不发达或消失;花巾芋螺壳面白斑大小和分布不均匀,体螺层中部具2条明显的黑褐色螺带,肩部棱角状,其上突起明显,且通常栖息在比前者水深更深的海底。此外,花巾芋螺此前在我国见于台湾,本研究发现了该种在南海新的分布点,进一步完善了其在我国海区的地理分布信息;同时也可为准确鉴定芋螺毒素来源生物提供了可靠依据。Abstract: The species diversity of the Conidae is extremely high, and has been getting extensive attention for the research of conotoxin (CTx). In China waters, conids are distributed mainly in Taiwan and the South China Sea, and there are more than 160 species so far, accounting for almost 17% of the global conids species. The common Conidae species in the South China Sea, Conus marmoreus Linnaeus, 1758 is similar to Conus bandanus Hwass in Bruguière, 1792 in shape and there is some overlap in their distribution range in China seas, so they are easy to be confused. Our comparative study between the two species is conducted on the Conus specimens deposited in Marine Biodiversity Collections of South China Sea (SCSMBC, Guangzhou). The taxonomic confusion of the two species is clarified on shell morphology and habitat: C. marmoreus has week shoulder tubercles or even absent, and both the size and the pattern of the nearly triangular white spots on the body-whorl surface are relatively uniform, without dark brown spiral bands; while C. bandanus has more pronounced spire tubercles and a less regular pattern with two distinct dark color bands. Ecological differences also favour separation at the species level: C. bandanus usually lives in deeper water. In China, C. bandanus has been found in Taiwan before; the speciesmens examinated in this work were collected from Hainan, Xisha Islands and Nansha Islands, which further improves the geographical distribution information of C. bandanus in China Seas and can also provide a reliable basis for the accurate identification of CTx-derived organisms.
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Key words:
- Conidae /
- Conus marmoreus /
- Conus bandanus /
- similar species /
- South China Sea
注释:1) 钟云芳 -
表 1 芋螺研究材料
Table 1 Specimens of Conidae in this work
物种species 标本号specimen number 数量quantity 采集地location 采集人collector 采集时间collection time 黑芋螺 C. marmoreus SCSMBC 008609 1个 南沙渚璧礁 张渊洲 2017年11月 黑芋螺 C. marmoreus SCSMBC 006872 1个 西沙群岛 南海所 1981年4月5日 黑芋螺 C. marmoreus 西Ⅷ-赵-7 3个 西沙赵述岛 南海所 1978年5月19日 黑芋螺 C. marmoreus SCSMBC 009352 1个 西沙东岛 南海所 1973年5月 花巾芋螺 C. bandanus SCSMBC008610 1个 南沙渚璧礁 张渊洲 2017年11月 花巾芋螺 C. bandanus SCSMBC006266 1个 海南海口 南海所 1983年12月 花巾芋螺 C. bandanus 西Ⅵ-中-124 1个 西沙中建岛 南海所 1976年4月 表 2 黑芋螺和花巾芋螺主要特征比较
Table 2 Identification of Conus marmoreusLinnaeus, 1758 and Conus bandanus Hwass in Bruguière, 1792
黑芋螺Conus marmoreus Linnaeus, 1758 花巾芋螺Conus bandanus Hwass in Bruguière, 1792 肩部 shoulder 钝圆,突起较弱或消失 棱角状,突起明显,呈结节状或角状 体螺层 last whorl 刻有均匀分布的细弱的细螺沟纹 螺旋沟纹不规律,在基部较清晰 壳面色斑 color pattern 近三角形白色斑纹较均匀分布,无黑褐色螺带 近三角形白色斑纹大小和分布不均匀,体螺层中部具有2条明显的黑褐色螺带 壳口 aperture 外唇内缘白色,内面呈粉橙色 外唇内面呈白色 习性 habits 低潮线至水深1~15 m处 潮下带浅滩至水深约90 m处 -
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