Damages to the Photosynthetic Tissue Structure of Mango Leaves by Enhanced UV-B Radiation
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摘要: 为了研究增强UV-B辐射对芒果叶片光合作用影响的叶片组织形态学机理,笔者以生长健壮的‘台农一号’芒果树为材料,采用低剂量(24 kJ·m-2·d-1)和高剂量(96 kJ·m-2·d-1)的UV-B紫外灯在田间模拟增强UV-B辐射处理,观测了树体产量和果实主要品质、叶片光合生理指标和叶片组织结构的变化。结果表明:高剂量处理引起树体产量显著降低,果实品质显著下降;低剂量处理则对树体产量和果实品质无显著影响。高剂量处理使叶片净光合速率、蒸腾速率和气孔导度均降低,低剂量处理与对照在这些观测指标上则差异不显著。高剂量处理导致叶片栅栏组织细胞碎裂成小细胞而与海绵组织细胞混杂,海绵组织细胞变大和细胞间隙变宽;低剂量处理导致叶片栅栏组织细胞变短变粗,但仍保持其结构完整。与对照相比,高剂量处理导致其叶片表面角质层增厚明显,低剂量处理则增厚不显著。可见,高剂量处理通过破坏叶肉光合组织结构而抑制叶片光合作用,通过加厚叶片表面角质层而阻碍叶片吸收二氧化碳和抑制蒸腾作用,进而引起树体减产和果实品质变劣;低剂量处理则对叶片显微结构有一定影响,但未破坏其基本结构,对光合作用无显著影响,所以其对树体产量和果实品质无显著影响。Abstract: In order to study the mechanism of the change of tissue morphology in the effect of enhanced UV-B radiation on photosynthesis of mango leaves, robust mango trees of "Tainong No.1" were treated with UV-B UV lamp at the doses of 24 kJ·m-2·d-1（low dose） and the 96 kJ·m-2·d-1（high dose） to simulate enhanced UV-B radiation in the field. The changes of tree yield and main fruit quality, leaf photosynthetic physiological indexes and leaf microstructure were observed. The results showed that the high-dose treatment resulted in a significant decrease in tree yield and a significant decrease in fruit quality. Low-dose treatment had no significant effect on tree yield and fruit quality. The high-dose treatment reduced the net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance of the leaves, and the difference between the low-dose treatment and the control was not significant. The high-dose treatment resulted in fragmentation of leaf palisade tissue cells into small cells which were mixed with sponge tissue cells. The sponge tissue cells became larger and the cell gap became wider. The low-dose treatment resulted in production of shorter and thicker palisade cells but with structural integrity. The high-dose treatment resulted in significant thickening of the cuticle on the surface of the leaves compared to the control, while cuticle thickening in the low-dose treatment was not significant. It can be seen that high-dose treatment inhibits leaf photosynthesis by destroying the photosynthetic structure of mesophyll, and hinders the absorption of carbon dioxide and transpiration by thickening the surface of the leaf surface, thereby causing the trees to reduce yield and the quality of the fruit; The low-dose treatment had a certain influence on the leaf microstructure, the basic structure of which was not destroyed, and had no significant effect on photosynthesis. Therefore, the low dose treatment had no significant effect on tree yield and fruit quality.
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Key words:
- Enhanced UV-B radiation /
- mango /
- photosynthesis /
- microstructure
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