Spatial distribution characteristics of soil phosphorus in the plow layer soil of the main farmlands in Hainan Island
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摘要: 为了探究农田耕层土壤磷素含量的空间分布特征，了解土壤磷素积累状况，为农田磷肥的合理施用提供依据，以海南岛主要农田为研究对象，采集耕层土壤混合样品2 386个，分析检测土壤全磷、有效磷和有机质等指标，运用地统计学方法分析了土壤全磷和有效磷的空间自相关性，采用普通克里格插值法预测了海南岛主要农田耕层土壤全磷和有效磷的空间分布情况。结果表明：海南岛主要农田耕层土壤全磷和有效磷含量较高且变异性较强，土壤全磷含量为0.06～4.61 g·kg-1，均值达1.02 g·kg-1，变异系数为64%；土壤有效磷含量为3.16～478.88 mg·kg-1，均值为106.51 mg·kg-1，变异系数高达91%。土壤全磷和有效磷的块金系数分别为0.918和0.928，都属于较弱的空间自相关性，主要受随机因素影响。克里格插值预测图显示，海南岛北部和南部地区的土壤全磷含量较高，主要集中在0.8～4.61 g·kg-1之间；东部和西部地区的土壤全磷含量相对偏低，主要分布范围为0.4～0.8 g·kg-1；土壤的有效磷含量整体偏高，北部地区土壤有效磷含量为3.16～478.88 mg·kg-1，土壤有效磷分布不均衡；南部地区土壤的有效磷集中分布在90～240 mg·kg-1之间，东部和西部地区的土壤有效磷含量相对较低，集中分布在20～90 mg·kg-1之间。海南岛农田土壤全磷和有效磷的含量多处于较高水平，受人为施肥影响较大，农田周边水体面临较大的污染风险，在农业生产中应控制磷肥的施用。Abstract: Investigating the spatial distribution characteristics of phosphorus in farmland plow layer soil can help understand the accumulation status of soil phosphorus, providing a basis for the judicial application of phosphorus fertilizer in farmland. From the main farmlands in Hainan Island 2 386 soil samples were collected from the plow layer（0-20 cm） and their soil indexes such as total phosphorus content, available phosphorus content, organic matter content, etc., in the soil were determined. The spatial autocorrelation of the total phosphorus and available phosphorus in the soil was analyzed by using geostatistical methods, and ordinary kriging interpolation was used to predict the spatial distribution of total phosphorus and available phosphorus in the plow layer soil of the main farmlands in Hainan Island. The results indicate that the plow layer soil in the main farmlands of Hainan Island has relatively high and highly variable contents of total phosphorus and available phosphorus. The range of total phosphorus content in the soil is between 0.06 to 4.61 g·kg-1, with 40%of the soil samples exceeding the first level(＞ 1 g·kg-1), with a mean of 1.02 g·kg-1 and a coefficient of variation of 64%; the range of available phosphorus content in the soil is between 3.16 to 478.88 mg·kg-1, with 72% of the soil samples exceeding the first level(＞ 40 mg·kg-1), with a mean of 106.51 mg·kg-1 and a high coefficient of variation of 91%. The Nugget/Sill ratios of total phosphorus content and available phosphorus content are 0.918and 0.928, respectively, indicating weak spatial autocorrelation mainly influenced by random factors. The kriging interpolation prediction map shows that the plow layer soil has higher total phosphorus content in the soil, mainly between 0.8 to 4.61 g·kg-1 in the north and south of Hainan Island, and relatively lower total phosphorus content,mainly ranging from 0.4 to 0.8 g·kg-1 in the east and west. The overall available phosphorus content in the soil is relatively high, with the available phosphorus content in the north ranging from 3.16 to 478.88 mg·kg-1,exhibiting uneven distribution, with the highest available phosphorus content reaching around 400 mg·kg-1 in Haikou City and Chengmai County. In the south the available phosphorus content in the soil is concentrated in between 90 to 240 mg·kg-1, while in the east and west it is relatively lower, concentrated in between 20 to 90 mg·kg-1. Overall, the contents of total phosphorus and available phosphorus in the plow layer soil of the main farmlands in Hainan Island are at a relatively high level, highly influenced by fertilizer application. The water bodies surrounding the main farmlands face significant pollution risks, indicating the need to control the application of phosphorus fertilizers in agricultural production.
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