Chemical constituents of the volatile oil of Piper sarmentosum Roxb. from different habitats in Hainan
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摘要: 研究海南不同产地假蒟（Piper sarmentosum Roxb.）茎叶挥发油化学成分，对种质资源筛选及产品开发具有指导意义。采用超声辅助溶剂提取法从海南产假蒟茎叶中提取挥发油，通过气相色谱-质谱联用（GCMS）技术对假蒟挥发油成分进行分析，采用峰面积归一化法测定其化学成分的相对含量。从海南9个产地的挥发油样品中鉴定出96种化合物；通过主成分分析，对海南不同产地的假蒟茎叶挥发油成分进行综合分析，结果表明，9个产地假蒟样品挥发油成分可分为2类：P1（产地：海南省海口市龙华区城西镇）、P2（产地：海南省儋州市宝岛新村）、P3（产地：海南省乐东黎族自治县尖峰岭）、P4（产地：海南省陵水黎族自治县吊罗山）和P5（产地：海南省东方市佳西村）为第一类；P6（产地：海南省琼海市中原镇）、P7（产地：海南省屯昌县坡心镇中建农场六队）、P8（产地：海南省三亚大茅国际沉香谷）和P9（产地：海南省保亭黎族苗族自治县毛感乡）为第二类。综上所述，本研究创新性地采用主成分分析等方法对海南9个不同产地假蒟挥发油的GC-MS分析结果进行系统分析，结合已有报道中发现同种研究对象其挥发油成分受种源差异、地域条件、提取方法以及气候环境等多种因素的影响，这个发现与本研究分析的结果一致；本研究还发现一些新的挥发性成分，如：苍耳亭、1-乙基丁基氢过氧化物、4-甲基-2-戊醇等，这对假蒟挥发油成分的进一步的补充细化具有一定的参考价值。本研究结果可知，海南9个不同产地假蒟挥发油化学成分含量及种类具有差异性，但同时也具有相似性；9个不同产地具有22个大量含有的挥发油成分；此外，假蒟挥发油成分中主含芳香族、脂肪酸、生物碱、萜类和其他类化合物，其中芳香族类化学成分含量较高；脂肪酸类含量最少。经综合评价筛选，相较于其他8个产地，海南省乐东黎族自治县尖峰岭（P3）产地假蒟挥发油化学成分最为丰富，其种质资源更优。该研究结果在今后假蒟的种质资源筛选及产品开发方面具有重要意义。Abstract: An attempt was made to analyze the chemical constituents of the volatile oil from the stems and leaves of Piper sarmentosum Roxb. from different habitats in Hainan, which is of guiding significance for screening of germplasm resources and product development. The volatile oil was extracted from the stems and leaves of Piper sarmentosum Roxb. by ultrasonic-assisted solvent extraction. The components of the volatile oil were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry（GC-MS）, and the relative contents of its chemical components were determined by peak area normalization method. Ninety six compounds were identified from volatile oil samples from 9 habitats in Hainan. The volatile oil components of the stems and leaves of Piper sarmentosum Roxb. from different habitats in Hainan were comprehensively analyzed through principal component analysis. The results showed that the volatile oil components of the 9 samples from different habitats can be divided into two categories with P1（origin: Chengxi Town, Longhua District, Haikou City, Hainan Province）, P2（origin: Baodaoxincun Village, Danzhou City, Hainan Province）, P3（origin: Jianfengling, Ledong Li Autonomous County, Hainan Province）, P4（origin: Diaoluoshan, Lingshui Li Autonomous County, Hainan Province） and P5（origin: Jiaxi Village, Dongfang City, Hainan Province） being in category one, and P6（origin: Zhongyuan Town, qionghai city,Hainan Province）, P7（origin: Team 6 of Zhongjian Farm, Poxin Town, tunchang, Hainan Province）, P8（origin:Damao International Aquilaria Valley, Sanya, Hainan Province） and P9（origin: Maogan Township, Baoting Li and Miao Autonomous County, Hainan Province） being in category two. To sum up, the GC-MS analysis results of the volatile oil from nine different habitats in Hainan were systematically analyze by innovatively using the principal component analysis and other methods. Combined with the existing reports, it was found that the volatile oil components of the same species were affected by many factors such as provenance differences, geographical conditions, extraction methods and climate environment, which was consistent with the results of this study. Some new volatile components, such as Xanthium sibiricum, 1-ethylbutyl hydroperoxide, 4-methyl-2-pentanol, etc.were also found, which has certain reference value for further supplementing and refining the list of the volatile oil components of P. sarmentosum Roxb.. The results show that there are differences in chemical composition of volatile oil and species from nine different habitats in Hainan. But at the same time, there are some similarities.There are 22 volatile oil components with high content in 9 different producing areas（Table 4）. In addition, the volatile oil of P. sarmentosum Roxb. mainly contains aromatics, fatty acids, alkaloids, terpenoids and other compounds, among which the content of aromatic chemical components is high and the content of fatty acids is the lowest. After comprehensive evaluation and screening, compared with the other eight producing areas, the volatile oil from Jianfengling（P3）, Ledong Li Autonomous County, Hainan Province is the most abundant in chemical components, and its germplasm resources are superior. This research result is of great significance in the screening of germplasm resources and product development in the future.
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Key words:
- Piper sarmentosum Roxb. /
- volatile oil /
- GC-MS /
- principal component analysis /
- cluster analysis
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