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肾茶[Clerodendranthus spicatus (Thunb.) C.Y.Wu],又名猫须草,为唇形科(Lamiaceae)肾茶属(Clerodendranthus)多年生草本植物,喜高温多湿环境,怕寒,怕旱,忌积水,耐肥。该属植物全世界有5种, 主要分布于福建、台湾、海南、广西、广东和云南等省[1]。肾茶全草均可入药,性凉,味淡、微苦,具有清热祛湿、排石利尿的疗效[2]。对肾结石、胆结石、胆囊炎、尿路结石具有神奇疗效,被誉为“国际利尿化石药”[3]。肾茶除应用于泌尿系统外,还具有抗炎、抗肿瘤、降血糖血脂、保肝、提高机体免疫力及治疗风湿性关节炎等药理活性[4-6]。目前,由于肾茶的药用价值较高,市场需求量越来越大,并且随着环境气候的变化及野生肾茶资源的破坏,野生肾茶已处于濒危状态,无法满足市场需求[7]。据报道,肾茶在我国广东、广西、海南、云南、福建等地已有引种栽培[8],在云南,以思茅和西双版纳地区种植最多。随着肾茶种植面积不断扩大,规模化种植后发现其病害也随之发生,其中肾茶叶枯病发生最严重,导致肾茶严重减产,成为阻碍肾茶规模化生产的重要病害。而国内外对于肾茶的研究多集中在种质资源亲缘关系研究、生药学鉴别研究、传统应用调查研究、化学成分及其生物活性研究和部分高产栽培技术研究[7,9-11]。对于肾茶栽培过程中出现的病虫害少见报道[12]。于旭东等[13]报道了肾茶根结线虫的危害,严珍等[14]报道了肾茶新害虫泡壳背网蝽的危害,关于肾茶叶枯病的研究至今未见报道。笔者针对肾茶叶枯病,进行了病害症状观察,病原菌分离、鉴定和病原菌生物学特性研究,旨在为有效防治肾茶叶枯病提供理论基础。
Isolation and identification of leaf blight on Clerodendranthus spicatus
doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.2023.02.013
- Received Date: 2022-01-20
- Accepted Date: 2022-06-25
- Rev Recd Date: 2022-06-19
- Available Online: 2022-09-06
- Publish Date: 2023-03-25
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Key words:
- Clerodendranthus spicatu /
- leaf blight /
- pathogen isolation /
- pathogen identification
Abstract: In order to determine the pathogen of leaf blight of kidney plant (Clerodendranthus spicatus (Thunb.) C.Y.Wu), the kidney plant leaves infected with leaf blight were sampled from a kidney plant producing area in Yunnan, and one strain of the pathogen was isolated from the samples and then identified morphologically and molecularly. The results showed that the pathogen cultured on the PDA medium was white in colony, and well developed in aerial mycelia. The colony in the lower part was pale pink initially and then turned yellow-brown. The apical cells of the conidia were uncinate, and the mature macroconidia have 3~5 septa. The pathogen isolated was inoculated onto the healthy plant leaves of C. spicatus. After several days of moist culture, dark-brown lesions appeared at the inoculated sites of the leaves, which were consistent with the field symptoms. Genomic DNA of the pathogen was amplified by using fungal rDNA-ITS universal primers ITS1/ITS4 and analyzed by homology analysis. The results showed that the pathogen isolated was clustered into the same branch with Fusarium nematophilum, F. equiseti, F. chlamydosporum and F. longip, and had a nucleic acid sequence homology of 99.40%−99.60%. The morphological observation, ITS sequence analysis and establishment of Koch’s postulates showed that the pathogen was preliminarily identified as F. oxysporum.
Citation: | SHANG Rui, MAO Jia, WANG Yanqian, BAI Tingting, YANG Chunyong, WANG Hongwei, WANG Yanfang, GUO Rui, LI Ge. Isolation and identification of leaf blight on Clerodendranthus spicatus[J]. Journal of Tropical Biology, 2023, 14(2): 229-233. doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.2023.02.013 |