Selection strategy of <i>Copsychus saularis</i> for the location of artificial nest boxes

FENG Yanmin; XU Yuxin; ZHENG Yuanbin; GUO Yi; RAO Xiaodong; MA Xuefeng

doi:10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.20230094

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Volume 15 Issue 4

Jul. 2024

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Article Navigation > Journal of Tropical Biology > 2024 > 15(4): 437-444

FENG Yanmin, XU Yuxin, ZHENG Yuanbin, GUO Yi, RAO Xiaodong, MA Xuefeng. Selection strategy of Copsychus saularis for the location of artificial nest boxes[J]. Journal of Tropical Biology, 2024, 15(4): 437-444. doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.20230094

Citation:

FENG Yanmin, XU Yuxin, ZHENG Yuanbin, GUO Yi, RAO Xiaodong, MA Xuefeng. Selection strategy of Copsychus saularis for the location of artificial nest boxes[J]. Journal of Tropical Biology, 2024, 15(4): 437-444. doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.20230094

Selection strategy of Copsychus saularis for the location of artificial nest boxes

doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.20230094

1. School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Danzhou, Hainan 571737;
2. Liaotong Forest Park Management and Protection Center, Liaotong, Inner Mangolia 028199;
3. Anyuan Forestry Bureau, Anyuan, Jiangxi 342100;
4. Haikou Key Laboratory for Smart Forestry, Haikou, Hainan 570228;
5. Hainan Tropical Wildlife Park and Botanical Garden, Haikou, Hainan 570110, China

Received Date: 2023-08-01
Rev Recd Date: 2024-02-28
Publish Date: 2024-07-25

Abstract

In order to study the nest site selection preferences and main influencing factors of Oriental MagpieRobin（Copsychus saularis）, a total of 150 artificial nest boxes were set up in Hainan Tropical Wildlife and Botanical Garden. The selection behavior of Oriental Magpie-Robin population reproduced in the artificial nest boxes was investigated during the breeding season in 2021 and 2022. The results showed that a total of 59artificial nest boxes were used for reproduction by Oriental Magpie-Robin in two years. Among all the artificial nest boxes 90 were monitored in 2021, and 34 were used for reproduction; the utilization rate of the nest boxes was 37.78%, and the reuse rate was 14.71%. In 2022, 60 nest boxes were monitored and 25 were used for reproduction; the utilization rate of the nest boxes was 41.67%, and the reuse rate was 16.00%. The reproductive success rates in these 2 years were 67.65% and 68.00%, respectively. The nest box with a closer distance from the water source（14.25 ± 13.66 m） and a higher branch distance above the nest boxes（2.57 ± 1.81 m） were preferred by the Oriental Magpie-Robin. At the same time, the height from the ground（2.82 ± 0.53 m）, the distance from the road（9.34 ± 7.02 m）, the herb coverage（34.07 ± 28.15%）, the trunk diameter at breast height of the nest tree（91.30 ± 24.30 cm） and the ground exposure（30.00 ± 22.40%） were also the important influencing factors. The main factors affecting the nest site selection of the Oriental Magpie-Robin are the degree of concealment（34.32%）, the interference factor（25.76%） and the survival resource factor（17.65%）. The quality of the nest sites mainly depends on the concealment and inaccessibility of nesting. In this study, the factors of concealment, interference and survival resources were considered by the Oriental Magpie-Robin in their selection of nest boxes. Subsequent studies will focus on the impact of urbanization on nest site selection and the reproductive success rate among different populations.
- Copsychus saularis,
- nest site selection,
- reproduction success,
- Hainan Tropical Wildlife Park and Botanical Garden

References

[1]	CODY M L(Ed.). Habitat selection in birds[M]. Cambridge, MA:Academic Press, 1985.
[2]	WIENS J A. The Ecology of Bird Communities[M]. Cambridge, UK:Cambridge University Press, 1992.
[3]	JONES J. Habitat Selection Studies In Avian Ecology:A Critical Review[J]. The Auk, 2001, 118(2):557-562.
[4]	GAILLARD J M, HEBBLEWHITE M, LOISONA, et al.Habitat-performance relationships:finding the right metric at a given spatial scale[J]. Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B, Biological sciences,2010, 365(1550):2255-65.
[5]	CHALFOUN A D, Schmidt K A. Adaptive breeding-habitat selection:is it for the birds?[J]. The Auk, 2012, 129:589-599.
[6]	SUBEDI T R, ANADÓN J D, BARAL H S, et al. Breeding habitat and nest-site selection of Bearded Vulture Gypaetus barbatus in the Annapurna Himalaya Range of Nepal[J]. Ibis,2020, 162(1):153-161.
[7]	FONTAINE J J, MARTIN T E. Parent birds assess nest predation risk and adjust their reproductive strategies[J].Ecology letters, 2006, 9(4):428-434.
[8]	LAMANNA J A, HEMENWAY A B, BOCCADORI V, et al.Bird species turnover is related to changing predation risk along a vegetation gradient[J]. Ecology, 2015, 96(6):1670-1680.
[9]	邹红菲,高忠斯,吴庆明,等.应用资源选择函数研究丹顶鹤的巢址选择[J].野生动物学报, 2018, 39(3):566-572.
[10]	NICKLEY B, BULLUCK L P. Spanning the habitat gradient:Red-headed woodpecker nest-site selection in three distinct cover types[J]. Forest Ecology and Management,2019, 444:115-126.
[11]	SCHMIDT K A, DALL S R X, VAN GILS J A. The ecology of information:an overview on the ecological significance of making informed decisions[J]. Oikos, 2010, 119(2):304-316.
[12]	LAMBRECHTS M M, WIEBE L K, SUNDE P, et al.Nest box design for the study of diurnal raptors and owls is still an overlooked point in ecological, evolutionary and conservation studies:a review[J]. Journal of Ornithology, 2012, 153(1):23-34.
[13]	KISS O, TOKODY B, LUDNAI T, et al. The effectiveness of nest-box supplementation for the conservation of European rollers(Coracias garrulus)[J]. Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 2017, 63(1):123-135.
[14]	KUDELSKA K, PODKOWA P, KARASKIEWICZ K, et al. Importance of nest boxes for breeding birds in forest areas-the Wielkopolski National Park case study[J].Sylwan, 2017, 161(11):949-957.
[15]	CHARTER M, MEYROM K, LESHEM Y, et al. Does nest box location and orientation affect occupation rate and breeding success of Barn Owls Tyto alba in a semi-arid environment?[J]. Acta Ornithologica, 2010, 45(1):115-119.
[16]	郑光美.中国鸟类分类与分布名录(第四版)[M].北京:科学出版社, 2023.
[17]	原宝东,闫永峰.鹊鸲冬季和春季取食生态位初步研究[J].四川动物, 2016, 35(3):426-430.
[18]	潘扬,高吉喜,周可新,等.城市绿地中鹊鸲繁殖期和非繁殖期夜栖地选择[J].生态学杂志, 2019, 38(9):2772-2779.
[19]	JIN Y, FENG C, LIANG W. Non-kin infanticide by male Oriental Magpie Robins in nest boxes[J]. Ornithological Science, 2021, 20(2):241-245.
[20]	姜仕仁.杭州鹊鸲的声行为[J].四川动物, 2003,(3):144-146
[21]	SINGH A, BHATT D, SETHI V K. Singing behaviour of the oriental magpie robin(Copsychus saularis)[J]. Journal of Ornithology, 2019, 160(1):185-193.
[22]	HILL S D, ARYAL A, PAWLEY M D M, et al. So much for the city:urban-rural song variation in a widespread Asiatic songbird[J]. Integrative Zoology, 2018, 13(2):194-205.
[23]	SINGH A, BHATT D, SETHI V K, et al. Nesting success of the oriental magpie robin Copsychus saularis in nest boxes and tree cavities[J]. Wildlife Biology, 2016, 22(6):277-283.
[24]	靳雅萌.鹊鸲的繁殖行为:不同生境种群和不同观察方法的比较[D].海口:海南师范大学, 2021.
[25]	WAN G X, ZHAO H H, LIU X Z, et al. Predation of Daurian redstarts offspring in nest boxes by the Oriental magpie-robin and tree sparrow[J]. Ecology and Evolution,2023, 13(5):e10093.
[26]	DAVIS S K. Nest-site selection patterns and the influence of vegetation on nest survival of mixed-grass prairie passerines[J]. The Condor, 2005, 107(3):605-616.
[27]	谢凡,李昌林,鲁碧耕,等.鸡形目鸟类巢址选择研究进展[J].四川动物, 2022, 41(2):233-240.
[28]
[29]	张建伟,王建峰,刘建平,等.不同纬度洞巢鸟类对人工巢箱的利用及差异[J].动物学杂志, 2019, 54(4):465-470.
[30]	郑光美.鸟类学(第2版)[M].北京:北京师范大学出版社, 2015.
[31]	CODY M L. Habitat Selection in Birds:The Roles of Vegetation Structure, Competitors, and Productivity[J]. BioScience, 1981, 31(2):107-113.
[32]	滕甜甜,吴冠糆,冯艳民,等.原鸡海南亚种的巢址选择[J].热带生物学报, 2022, 13(3):220-226.
[33]	郭瑞萍,吴庆明,陈露,等.龙凤保护区普通鸬鹚巢特征与巢址选择[J].生态学报, 2023, 43(6):2220-2227.
[34]	SCHMIDT K A. Foraging theory as a conceptual framework for studying nest predation[J]. Oikos, 1999, 85(1):151-160.
[35]	FLESKES J P, MAUSER D M, YEE J L, et al. Flightless and post-molt survival and movements of female Mallards molting in Klamath Basin[J]. Waterbirds, 2010, 33(2):208-220.
[36]	PETERSEN K L, HOGG S, ENGLUND J V. Nest-site selection and nesting success in a restored population of Ospreys(Pandion haliaetus)in the Minneapolis-St. Paul,Minnesota(USA)area[J]. Journal of Raptor Research,2020, 54(3):245-254.
[37]	RENDELL W B, ROBERSON R J. Nest-site characteristics, reproductive success and cavity availability for Tree Swallows breeding in natural cavities[J]. The Condor,1989, 91(4):875-885.
[38]	SHOCHAT E, WARREN P S, FAETH S H, et al. From patterns to emerging processes in mechanistic urban ecology[J]. Trends in Ecology&Evolution, 2006, 21:186-191.
[39]	蓝方源,马行健,逯金瑶,等.城市化对鸟类筑巢的影响研究综述[J].生物多样性, 2021, 29(11):1539-1553.

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通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

1.
沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142

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Selection strategy of Copsychus saularis for the location of artificial nest boxes

1. School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Danzhou, Hainan 571737;

2. Liaotong Forest Park Management and Protection Center, Liaotong, Inner Mangolia 028199;

3. Anyuan Forestry Bureau, Anyuan, Jiangxi 342100;

4. Haikou Key Laboratory for Smart Forestry, Haikou, Hainan 570228;

5. Hainan Tropical Wildlife Park and Botanical Garden, Haikou, Hainan 570110, China

Received Date: 2023-08-01

Rev Recd Date: 2024-02-28

Publish Date: 2024-07-25

Key words:

Copsychus saularis /
nest site selection /
reproduction success /
Hainan Tropical Wildlife Park and Botanical Garden

Abstract: In order to study the nest site selection preferences and main influencing factors of Oriental MagpieRobin（Copsychus saularis）, a total of 150 artificial nest boxes were set up in Hainan Tropical Wildlife and Botanical Garden. The selection behavior of Oriental Magpie-Robin population reproduced in the artificial nest boxes was investigated during the breeding season in 2021 and 2022. The results showed that a total of 59artificial nest boxes were used for reproduction by Oriental Magpie-Robin in two years. Among all the artificial nest boxes 90 were monitored in 2021, and 34 were used for reproduction; the utilization rate of the nest boxes was 37.78%, and the reuse rate was 14.71%. In 2022, 60 nest boxes were monitored and 25 were used for reproduction; the utilization rate of the nest boxes was 41.67%, and the reuse rate was 16.00%. The reproductive success rates in these 2 years were 67.65% and 68.00%, respectively. The nest box with a closer distance from the water source（14.25 ± 13.66 m） and a higher branch distance above the nest boxes（2.57 ± 1.81 m） were preferred by the Oriental Magpie-Robin. At the same time, the height from the ground（2.82 ± 0.53 m）, the distance from the road（9.34 ± 7.02 m）, the herb coverage（34.07 ± 28.15%）, the trunk diameter at breast height of the nest tree（91.30 ± 24.30 cm） and the ground exposure（30.00 ± 22.40%） were also the important influencing factors. The main factors affecting the nest site selection of the Oriental Magpie-Robin are the degree of concealment（34.32%）, the interference factor（25.76%） and the survival resource factor（17.65%）. The quality of the nest sites mainly depends on the concealment and inaccessibility of nesting. In this study, the factors of concealment, interference and survival resources were considered by the Oriental Magpie-Robin in their selection of nest boxes. Subsequent studies will focus on the impact of urbanization on nest site selection and the reproductive success rate among different populations.

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Reference (39)

[1]	CODY M L(Ed.). Habitat selection in birds[M]. Cambridge, MA:Academic Press, 1985.
[2]	WIENS J A. The Ecology of Bird Communities[M]. Cambridge, UK:Cambridge University Press, 1992.
[3]	JONES J. Habitat Selection Studies In Avian Ecology:A Critical Review[J]. The Auk, 2001, 118(2):557-562.
[4]	GAILLARD J M, HEBBLEWHITE M, LOISONA, et al.Habitat-performance relationships:finding the right metric at a given spatial scale[J]. Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B, Biological sciences,2010, 365(1550):2255-65.
[5]	CHALFOUN A D, Schmidt K A. Adaptive breeding-habitat selection:is it for the birds?[J]. The Auk, 2012, 129:589-599.
[6]	SUBEDI T R, ANADÓN J D, BARAL H S, et al. Breeding habitat and nest-site selection of Bearded Vulture Gypaetus barbatus in the Annapurna Himalaya Range of Nepal[J]. Ibis,2020, 162(1):153-161.
[7]	FONTAINE J J, MARTIN T E. Parent birds assess nest predation risk and adjust their reproductive strategies[J].Ecology letters, 2006, 9(4):428-434.
[8]	LAMANNA J A, HEMENWAY A B, BOCCADORI V, et al.Bird species turnover is related to changing predation risk along a vegetation gradient[J]. Ecology, 2015, 96(6):1670-1680.
[9]	邹红菲,高忠斯,吴庆明,等.应用资源选择函数研究丹顶鹤的巢址选择[J].野生动物学报, 2018, 39(3):566-572.
[10]	NICKLEY B, BULLUCK L P. Spanning the habitat gradient:Red-headed woodpecker nest-site selection in three distinct cover types[J]. Forest Ecology and Management,2019, 444:115-126.
[11]	SCHMIDT K A, DALL S R X, VAN GILS J A. The ecology of information:an overview on the ecological significance of making informed decisions[J]. Oikos, 2010, 119(2):304-316.
[12]	LAMBRECHTS M M, WIEBE L K, SUNDE P, et al.Nest box design for the study of diurnal raptors and owls is still an overlooked point in ecological, evolutionary and conservation studies:a review[J]. Journal of Ornithology, 2012, 153(1):23-34.
[13]	KISS O, TOKODY B, LUDNAI T, et al. The effectiveness of nest-box supplementation for the conservation of European rollers(Coracias garrulus)[J]. Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 2017, 63(1):123-135.
[14]	KUDELSKA K, PODKOWA P, KARASKIEWICZ K, et al. Importance of nest boxes for breeding birds in forest areas-the Wielkopolski National Park case study[J].Sylwan, 2017, 161(11):949-957.
[15]	CHARTER M, MEYROM K, LESHEM Y, et al. Does nest box location and orientation affect occupation rate and breeding success of Barn Owls Tyto alba in a semi-arid environment?[J]. Acta Ornithologica, 2010, 45(1):115-119.
[16]	郑光美.中国鸟类分类与分布名录(第四版)[M].北京:科学出版社, 2023.
[17]	原宝东,闫永峰.鹊鸲冬季和春季取食生态位初步研究[J].四川动物, 2016, 35(3):426-430.
[18]	潘扬,高吉喜,周可新,等.城市绿地中鹊鸲繁殖期和非繁殖期夜栖地选择[J].生态学杂志, 2019, 38(9):2772-2779.
[19]	JIN Y, FENG C, LIANG W. Non-kin infanticide by male Oriental Magpie Robins in nest boxes[J]. Ornithological Science, 2021, 20(2):241-245.
[20]	姜仕仁.杭州鹊鸲的声行为[J].四川动物, 2003,(3):144-146
[21]	SINGH A, BHATT D, SETHI V K. Singing behaviour of the oriental magpie robin(Copsychus saularis)[J]. Journal of Ornithology, 2019, 160(1):185-193.
[22]	HILL S D, ARYAL A, PAWLEY M D M, et al. So much for the city:urban-rural song variation in a widespread Asiatic songbird[J]. Integrative Zoology, 2018, 13(2):194-205.
[23]	SINGH A, BHATT D, SETHI V K, et al. Nesting success of the oriental magpie robin Copsychus saularis in nest boxes and tree cavities[J]. Wildlife Biology, 2016, 22(6):277-283.
[24]	靳雅萌.鹊鸲的繁殖行为:不同生境种群和不同观察方法的比较[D].海口:海南师范大学, 2021.
[25]	WAN G X, ZHAO H H, LIU X Z, et al. Predation of Daurian redstarts offspring in nest boxes by the Oriental magpie-robin and tree sparrow[J]. Ecology and Evolution,2023, 13(5):e10093.
[26]	DAVIS S K. Nest-site selection patterns and the influence of vegetation on nest survival of mixed-grass prairie passerines[J]. The Condor, 2005, 107(3):605-616.
[27]	谢凡,李昌林,鲁碧耕,等.鸡形目鸟类巢址选择研究进展[J].四川动物, 2022, 41(2):233-240.
[28]
[29]	张建伟,王建峰,刘建平,等.不同纬度洞巢鸟类对人工巢箱的利用及差异[J].动物学杂志, 2019, 54(4):465-470.
[30]	郑光美.鸟类学(第2版)[M].北京:北京师范大学出版社, 2015.
[31]	CODY M L. Habitat Selection in Birds:The Roles of Vegetation Structure, Competitors, and Productivity[J]. BioScience, 1981, 31(2):107-113.
[32]	滕甜甜,吴冠糆,冯艳民,等.原鸡海南亚种的巢址选择[J].热带生物学报, 2022, 13(3):220-226.
[33]	郭瑞萍,吴庆明,陈露,等.龙凤保护区普通鸬鹚巢特征与巢址选择[J].生态学报, 2023, 43(6):2220-2227.
[34]	SCHMIDT K A. Foraging theory as a conceptual framework for studying nest predation[J]. Oikos, 1999, 85(1):151-160.
[35]	FLESKES J P, MAUSER D M, YEE J L, et al. Flightless and post-molt survival and movements of female Mallards molting in Klamath Basin[J]. Waterbirds, 2010, 33(2):208-220.
[36]	PETERSEN K L, HOGG S, ENGLUND J V. Nest-site selection and nesting success in a restored population of Ospreys(Pandion haliaetus)in the Minneapolis-St. Paul,Minnesota(USA)area[J]. Journal of Raptor Research,2020, 54(3):245-254.
[37]	RENDELL W B, ROBERSON R J. Nest-site characteristics, reproductive success and cavity availability for Tree Swallows breeding in natural cavities[J]. The Condor,1989, 91(4):875-885.
[38]	SHOCHAT E, WARREN P S, FAETH S H, et al. From patterns to emerging processes in mechanistic urban ecology[J]. Trends in Ecology&Evolution, 2006, 21:186-191.
[39]	蓝方源,马行健,逯金瑶,等.城市化对鸟类筑巢的影响研究综述[J].生物多样性, 2021, 29(11):1539-1553.

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Selection strategy of Copsychus saularis for the location of artificial nest boxes

doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.20230094

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Selection strategy of Copsychus saularis for the location of artificial nest boxes

doi: 10.15886/j.cnki.rdswxb.20230094

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References

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通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

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